Ultimate Unit 1 (Korean Language Study Cards) – Flashcards
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-To denote the subject -Comparison -To state a general fact
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All purposes of ?? particles
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-To denote the subject -To indicate something based off recent experience/ observation -To stress that the subject did the action -placed on objects in sentences predicated by adjectives -placed on the object before ??? -Placed on the object predicated by ?? -Used with ?? to indicate something a person has
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All purposes of ?? particles
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Subject- Object- Verb
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Verb sentence structure
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Subject- Adjective
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Adjective Sentence structure
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Am-Is-Are-Was-Were// Not a verb nor an adjective
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??
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Must end in a verb or adjective.
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All Korean sentences...
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To be at a location To Have
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??
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Nouns
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Location words come after _______
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-Distinguishes time and place -Indicates something done within a span of time
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?
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can have ?? to create a noun form of that verb
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Verbs that end in ??
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-Indicates possession -attached to words not typically used to describe nouns to give it a descriptive factor
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?
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Omitted (especially when referring to yourself)
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Subjects are often _______.
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Us, We
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??
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Our
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???
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Remove ? and add ??
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To make adjectives able to be placed elsewhere in sentences,,
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-Add ?? followed by ? -
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Plain Diary Form Conjugation
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?, ?
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If ?,?,?,? add
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?, ?
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If anything but ?,?,?,? add
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-Need no particles -Can be placed anywhere except the end, but are typically found just before the verb or at the beginning of the sentence
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Adverbs-
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-Add ? -For Adjectives that end in ?? you can change it to ?? or ?
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How do you create an adverb using Adjectives?
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-? -? ??
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Two ways to make a sentence neg.
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Whatever else is before it with ?. ((E.G) ??? ???. ))
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It's common to separate ?? and...
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IFL- Add ? IFH- ?? FH- ???
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Past Tense ?? forms
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??
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To Become- (Verb)
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??- Use ? ? ?? ??- Use ???
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Making ?? Negative vs Making ?? Negative
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-Counting Money -Measuring -Doing Math -Phone Numbers -Talking about Time (except hours) -Names of Months
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Sino Korean Uses:
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-Counting People/Things/Actions -Talking about Hours -Months -Indicating Age
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Pure Korean Uses:
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Counter for things
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?
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Counter for people
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?
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Counter for Behaviors
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?
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____ ?
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"___o'clock"
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?
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Minute(s)
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Used to say that something was done for a certain amount of time
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??
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?
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Month Counter (Pure)
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??
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Month Counter (Sino)
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-Some -How Many?
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?
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?
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Particle for making something plural
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?
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Only
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False: ? can be attached
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(T or F) ? cannot be used with any other particle attached
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Denotes location something is happening in/where something occurs; Can be attached to indicate where an adjective occurs. Also means "from",, to indicate where the subject is departing from
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??
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"From", indicates where the subject started/is starting.
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??
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(?)? ??- Consonants ?- Vowels
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The particle used to indicate the tool/method/device/material that was used
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? - Consonants ? - Vowels ?? - Consonants ? - Vowels ??
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And particles
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? - Consonants ? - Vowels ?? - Consonants ? - Vowels
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With particles
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?? - In convo ?? - Aloud ?- Respect
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To-
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~???/???/
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From (to receive from)-
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(?)???
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From (Recieving from a non-person)
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?/? ??(?)
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To do something for- (For the benefit of)
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~? ??
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About something (I thought ABOUT this)
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"I like ___________ ABOUT you"
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When using ~? ??, though it indicates "About", it can not mean _____.
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???
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Add _____ to change a noun into a word of "having properties" of said noun
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????
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Word used to describe emotions
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Another indication of one action happening after another.
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~?/??
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~?/??
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Particle added to position words (standing, sitting, laying) to help indicate your position as you carry out an action
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?? ??
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How to say "I live in ______"
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?? ??
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"I know"
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- When adding a vowel, ? gets changed to ?. This is only done with verbs
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? Irregular
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- If a syllable ends in ? remove the ? when adding a vowel. This is only done with verbs.
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? irregular
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-? is removed and instead ? is added to the next syllable when adding a vowel. Mostly done with adjectives In words with ?/? and it's other forms are added, ? changes to ? With noun describing adjectives, this does not affect the ? rule.
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? Irregular
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If the final vowel is ? look at the previous vowel to determine whether to add ? or ?. If a word ends in ? followed by ?/?; ? is eliminated and ?/? merge with the stem If the word has one syllable, add ? If the syllable ends in a consonant, the same rules apply minus the merging.
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? Irregular
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If the final letter of the stem is ? add ?? ?? ?? ??, more often then not the first pair is what typically replaces the ?
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? irregular
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When adding ?/? to ? you add an additional? to the syllable.
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? irregular
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Subject- Object?/?- Adjective form. ?? never go with the object in this case.
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Adjective form Sentence Structure?
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To carry something// To enter// Go somewhere- Into something. E.G "I entered sleep" ?? ????- I fell asleep
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??
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prepositions
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The words for And can also be used for
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Verb + ?? + Verb
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How do you form a korean compound verb?
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A common suffix added onto words of Chinese origin
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~?
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Changes nouns into descriptive words meaning "Relating to or having the properties of" the original noun.
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~? (Result of adding it on)
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Connecting particle that indicates one action following right after another.
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?
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I want (To do an action)
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? ??
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((Stressed)) Indication that one action follows another
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~? ??
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(Present progressive) I am //verb//ing Cannot be attached to adjectives
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~? ??
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To have/possess
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??? ??
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~?/? ??
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To state "I am _________ (sitting, standing, etc) say _____ not ~? ??
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To become //Adjective//
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Adjective + ~?/???
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Mistake
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??
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More
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?
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Less
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?
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particle used to make a comparison
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~??
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Adjective + ???? (Turns it all into a verb)
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Turn ~? ?? into a verb (through an adjective)
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to say "I want to become //Adjective//"
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Add ~? ?? to an adjective-verb form...
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"-est" Used like an adjective, can not be added with verbs unless an adverb is added too
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????
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To do something well
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(?)??
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To do something poorly
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(?)??
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Honorific form of asking a question.
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???//~???
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Informal way of asking a question (only the ? rule applies// Drop ? and add ~?)
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~?
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Soft approach of asking questions (Attached to adjectives)
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????
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Added to create a sense of self doubt in the question. "She's the most beautiful, no?"
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~????
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Soft question approach with ??
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~?(?)
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?
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Why?
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??
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When?
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??
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Where?
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??
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Who?
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??
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Who? (Subject)
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???
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How?
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??
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What do you think of....?
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?, ??
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What? (Pronouns)
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??
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What? (Description before nouns)
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??
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Which?
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Choose from a selection of option; ask about the characteristics related to a person/object when the person is aware of something but is unaware of the specifics
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reasons to use ??
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used for giving someone a list of options
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??
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? (placed before the counter)
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How Many?
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???
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How Much/How Many?
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to ask the extent of something happening used before verbs-
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??? (Uses)
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Can be used to ask the price.
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??-
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? is replaced with ?
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? irregular
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If the vowel is ??
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(? irr.) When to change the vowel to ?
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When the vowel ?
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(? irr.) When to change the vowel to ?
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Like this
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(???) ??
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Like that
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(???) ??
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Like that
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(???) ??
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Adding ~?? creates "this sort of/kind of/type of/" Adjective form. Adding ? turns it into "like___" Adverb
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Uses of (???) (???) (???):
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"Before ____________"
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~? ?(?) (after a verb)
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Ago
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?(?)
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"After _______" Added after verbs
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~?? ?(?)
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Indication that one action immediately followed after another.
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?
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Since I
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~?? ???
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Indication of time to mean within
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???
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?? placed before noun to say "Every N." (can be used as an adverb)
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Everything/Everywhere/Everytime/Everyone (N.)
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-Indication of doing an action to completion
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?
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~? is added to when/where/who
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Everywhere/Everytime/Everyone (particle)
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~? ? is added to what/where/when/who
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Something /Somewhere/Sometime/Somebody
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Anybody (placed before a thing/time/place)
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??(?)
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Nobody (placed before a thing/time/place)
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??(?)
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Each (attached to Nouns)
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??
