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Science that describes matter |
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has mass and occupies space |
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combination of 2 or more elements |
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a pure substance that can not be broken down |
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What is the simplest unit in an element? |
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What are the three states of matter? |
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What constitutes a physical change? |
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phase changes: melting, freezing,evaporation, boiling, condensation, sublimation, deposition, |
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What constitutes a chemical change? |
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When it becomes a whole different substance. rust, burning, fermentation -1 or more substances used up/formed -energy release/absorbed |
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2 or more substances that DO NOT mix-different throughout |
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2 or more substances that do mix-same throughout |
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What consists a simple solution? |
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solute:gets dissovled solvent |
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What are the amount comparisons between a solvent and solute? |
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solvent is in SMALLER amounts than a solute |
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What does balancing an equation require? |
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the same number and type of atoms on both sides of equation |
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Properties of an aqueous solution: |
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-water is a solvent -compound is solute -homogeneous mixture -solute either liquid or solid at room temperature *Its is a compound dissolved in water |
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What are the 3 subatomic particles and their charges? |
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Neutron-neutral-heavy Proton-positive-heavy Electron-negative-light |
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What will happen if all substances in an equation are ALL soluble? |
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In an aqueous solution, an acid and base have what kind of ions? |
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Acid-OH- ions base-H+ ions |
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transfer of electrons from one compound to another |
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What happens when you change the amount of subatomic particles in an element? |
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Neutron-isotope Election-ion Proton-DIFFERENT element |
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the number of protons, electron and neutrons in an atom |
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defined by proton number and EQUAL to electrons |
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What are the main group elements? |
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1-Alkali Metals 2-Alkaline Earth Metals 7-Halogens 8-Noble Gases |
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energy required to remove an electron |
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measure of “electron greed”-attract electrons to itself |
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What is the oxidation number if the element is alone? |
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Valence Electrons are the… |
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Most atoms what 8 valence electrons Exceptions: H and He: want 2 Be: wants 4 Grp. 3: wants 6 |
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forces that hold atoms together |
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-different electronegativities -nonmetal x metal -1.8+ -high melting points >400 -solids |
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-similar electronegativities -nonmetal x nonmetal -.4 of less -no ions(CH4, CL2) -low melting points <300 -liquid, gases, and solids |
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shared equally -2 of the same atom=non polar -electronegativity differences: 0-.45 |
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Shared unequally -dissolves in water -electronegativity differences:.45-1.75 |
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What is the central atom? |
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atom bonded to more than 1 atom |
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regions of high electron density |
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What dictates the shape of an atom? |
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-between nonmetal x nonmetal -polar |
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-nonmetal x metal -strongest |
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a strong dipole dipole H with NOF |
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polar dissolves polar non polar dissolves non polar |
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whether or not electrons are evenly distributed in a molecule |
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