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| Science that describes matter |
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| has mass and occupies space |
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| combination of 2 or more elements |
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| a pure substance that can not be broken down |
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| What is the simplest unit in an element? |
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| What are the three states of matter? |
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| What constitutes a physical change? |
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| phase changes: melting, freezing,evaporation, boiling, condensation, sublimation, deposition, |
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| What constitutes a chemical change? |
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When it becomes a whole different substance. rust, burning, fermentation
-1 or more substances used up/formed
-energy release/absorbed |
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| 2 or more substances that DO NOT mix-different throughout |
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| 2 or more substances that do mix-same throughout |
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| What consists a simple solution? |
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solute:gets dissovled
solvent |
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| What are the amount comparisons between a solvent and solute? |
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| solvent is in SMALLER amounts than a solute |
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| What does balancing an equation require? |
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| the same number and type of atoms on both sides of equation |
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| Properties of an aqueous solution: |
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-water is a solvent
-compound is solute
-homogeneous mixture
-solute either liquid or solid at room temperature
*Its is a compound dissolved in water |
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| What are the 3 subatomic particles and their charges? |
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Neutron-neutral-heavy
Proton-positive-heavy
Electron-negative-light |
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| What will happen if all substances in an equation are ALL soluble? |
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| In an aqueous solution, an acid and base have what kind of ions? |
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Acid-OH- ions
base-H+ ions |
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| transfer of electrons from one compound to another |
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| What happens when you change the amount of subatomic particles in an element? |
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Neutron-isotope
Election-ion
Proton-DIFFERENT element |
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| the number of protons, electron and neutrons in an atom |
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| defined by proton number and EQUAL to electrons |
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| What are the main group elements? |
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1-Alkali Metals
2-Alkaline Earth Metals
7-Halogens
8-Noble Gases |
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| energy required to remove an electron |
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| measure of “electron greed”-attract electrons to itself |
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| What is the oxidation number if the element is alone? |
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| Valence Electrons are the… |
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Most atoms what 8 valence electrons
Exceptions:
H and He: want 2
Be: wants 4
Grp. 3: wants 6 |
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| forces that hold atoms together |
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-different electronegativities
-nonmetal x metal
-1.8+
-high melting points >400
-solids |
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-similar electronegativities
-nonmetal x nonmetal
-.4 of less
-no ions(CH4, CL2)
-low melting points <300
-liquid, gases, and solids |
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shared equally
-2 of the same atom=non polar
-electronegativity differences: 0-.45 |
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Shared unequally
-dissolves in water
-electronegativity differences:.45-1.75 |
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| What is the central atom? |
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| atom bonded to more than 1 atom |
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| regions of high electron density |
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| What dictates the shape of an atom? |
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-between nonmetal x nonmetal
-polar |
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-nonmetal x metal
-strongest |
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a strong dipole dipole
H with NOF |
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polar dissolves polar
non polar dissolves non polar |
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| whether or not electrons are evenly distributed in a molecule |
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