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Nationalism

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a devotion to the interests and culture of one's nation

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Militarism

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the policy of building up armed forces in aggressive preparedness for war and their use as a tool of diplomacy

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Allies

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in World War I, the group of nations—originally consisting of Great Britain, France, and Russia and later joined by the United States, Italy, and others—that opposed the Central Powers

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Central Powers

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the group of nations—led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire—that opposed the Allies in World War I.

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Archduke Franz Ferdinand

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He was the heir of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. He was assassinated in Sarajevo in 1914. This event sparked a series of actions that led to the beginning of WWI

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No Man's Land

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an unoccupied region between opposing armies

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Trench Warfare

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military operations in which the opposing forces attack and counterattack from systems of fortified ditches rather than on an open battlefield.

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Lusitania

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a British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-boat in 1915

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Zimmermann Note

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a message sent in 1917 by the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico, proposing a German-Mexican alliance and promising to help Mexico regain Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona if the United States entered World War I.

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Describe some ways in which World War I threatened the lives of civilians on both sides of the Atlantic.

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The lives of people on both sides of the Atlantic were threatened by the German Navy and their U boats. Ships of all countries were at risk too.

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Why were America's ties with the Allies stronger than its ties with the Central Powers?

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America's ties with the allies were stronger than its ties with the Central Powers because many Americans still had ties to nations from which they had emigrated.

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Why do you think Germany escalated its U-boat attacks in 1917?

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War was nearing it's end (exhaustion), needed to slow those supplies down abit more!

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Eddie Rickenbacker

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Allied pilot won the most victories. Engaged in 134 air battles and downed 26 enemy aircraft.

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Selective Service Act

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a law, enacted in 1917, that required men to register for military service

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Convoy System

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the protection of merchant ships from U-boat—German submarine—attacks by having the ships travel in large groups escorted by warships

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American Expeditionary Force

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the U.S. forces, led by General John Pershing, who fought with the Allies in Europe during World War I

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General John J. Perching

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commander of the AEF who refused to dispense his units on the western front in world war i

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Alvin York

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killed 25 machine-gunners and captured 132 German soldiers when his soldiers took cover; won Congressional Medal of Freedom

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Conscientious Objetor

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a person who refuses, on moral grounds, to participate in warfare.

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Armistice

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a truce, or agreement to end an armed conflict.

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In what ways did WWI represent a frightening new kind of warfare?

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Use of chemical warfare and airplanes

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This World War I poster shows the role of noncombatants over seas. What is the message in this propaganda poster?

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"Back our girls over there" the message was to bring light to the people who were important in the war that were not fighting.

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War Industries Board

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an agency established during World War I to increase efficiency and discourage waste in war-related industries.

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Bernard M. Baruch

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established the War Industries Board in 1917; a prosperous business man

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Propaganda

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a kind of biased communication designed to influence people's thoughts and actions

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George Creel

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Headed the Committee on Public Information, for promoting the war effort in WWI

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Espionage and Sedition Acts

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two laws, enacted in 1917 and 1918, that imposed harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against U.S. participation in World War I

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Great Migration

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the large-scale movement of African Americans from the South to Northern cities in the early 20th century

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How did the war affect government power?

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During war time the government gains a certain amount of power to control the power of the United States. The government needed supplies for the war and private businesses could not handle the orders by themselves, so the government took over the private businesses to meet due dates.

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Why do you think the flu spread so quickly among the troops?

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They lived in such cramped living space and it allowed contagious illnesses to spread rapidly

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Do you think that the war had a positive or a negative effect on American society?

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When the First World War was raging in Europe, the United States suffered from the effects of war. These effects were, however, positive for American society, even though there were riots of violence. Before the war had begun, women and Blacks had little job opportunities. When the men were drafted off to war, women took over the jobs that the men did and they were paid for it too. Also, African Americans were gaining jobs that men had left behind to go fight in the war.

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Fourteen Points

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the principles making up President Woodrow Wilson's plan for world peace following World War I

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League of Nations

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an association of nations established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace

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Georges Clemenceau

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French statesman who played a key role in negotiating the Treaty of Versailles (1841-1929)

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David Lloyd George

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He was the British representative at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He pushed for a revenge-based treaty at Versailles, hampering the 14 points

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Treaty of Versailles

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the 1919 peace treaty at the end of World War I which established new nations, borders, and war reparations

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Reparations

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the compensation paid by a defeat? ed nation for the damage or injury it inflicted during a war

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War-Guilt Clause

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a provision in the Treaty of Versailles by which Germany acknowledged that it alone was responsible for World War I

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Henry Cabot Lodge

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Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations

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Why didn't the Treaty of Versailles lay the foundations for a lasting peace?

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because it wasn't enforced and Hitler and Mussolini were allowed to get away with breaking the rules set forth in it. it all leads to the policy of appeasement.

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Why did so many Americans oppose the Treaty of Versailles?

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The Senate opposed the Treaty of Versailles because the League of Nation's minimized the US' powers in decisions concerning war.

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Predict Germany's reaction to the Treaty of Versailles.

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Germany freaked out about the treaty of Versailles because it meant they could not use weapons. lost land, and many changes were made.

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What were the main reasons for U.S. involvement in the war?

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-Couldn't stand around ; watch (Inability to remain neutral) -U.S. battleship blown up by Germans (sinking of U.S.S. Lusitania) -Great buddies with Great Britain (aid to the Allies) -Germany tried to get Mexico to fight us (Zimmerman Telegram)

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Where did Germany begin its war offensive, and what happened there?

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Germany began its war offense in Belgium. They invaded the country using the Schlieffen Plan, fighting against Russia and France. Then there was a long siege between Germany and the Allies. Later on, the first battle occurred, it lasted months and were about 1.2 million casualties

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How did the United States mobilize a strong military during World War I?

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The United States mobilized a strong military during World War I because of the Selective Service Act, random men would be called to the front to fight in the war. About 2 million were registered and ¾ of them went to fight.

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What new weapons made fighting in World War I deadlier than fighting previous wars?

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The deadly weapons used in World War I were the tank and the airplane. The tank was built from metal so bullets couldn't break it and they could go through barbed wires. The planes had new and improved machine guns on them and were also used to carry bombs.

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What methods did the U.S. government use to sell the war to the nation?

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To sell the war to the nation, the government raised taxes. It raise ? of the war effort from raising taxes with progressive income, war profit tax, tobacco, liquor, and luxurious goods. They also had thousands of people asking for money and guilted them if they didn't give them any by saying only "a friend of Germany" wouldn't help.

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What events during the war undermined civil liberties?

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Some events that undermined the civil liberties was hysteria of the citizen. When the war erupted so did the people. There were attacks on many immigrants especially the Germans and Austria-Hungary ones. People would change anything if it was German or take away German culture and publicly humiliating German Americans. Because of this the Espionage and Sedition Act was passed.

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What were the major effects of the Treaty of Versailles?

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The major effects of the treat was the new countries. The new countries included Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine and Transjordan. Russia and Germany lost territory, Austria and Hungary became two separate countries, and Romania gained territory.

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How did Wilson's support for the League of Nations stand in the way of Senate support for the Treaty of Versailles?

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Because Woodrow Wilson supported the League of Nations, he was not able to support the Treaty of Versailles because it was different idea. The League of Nations was to keep peace and solve conflict without going to war, the Treaty of Versailles was unfair. Although Germany had started the war, it wasn't possible for them to repay the debt. They also took away territory from Germany and Russian and wouldn't listen to the public about self-determination.

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Between 1914 and 1920, Americans debated the role their country should have in world affairs. From the events of World War I, what might Americans have learned about intervention in the affairs of other nations?

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By interfering in national affairs, American have learned that war cost lots of money, men, and can be dissatisfying. With the making of weapons, big or small, America spent a lot of money on the war. Additionally, they not only costed the nation, but nations families since they needed men for the war and some were chosen randomly. In the end there was the Treaty of Versailles, yet America was unsatisfied with it.

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Look at the maps of Europe before and after World War I (page 606). Describe the changes in national boundaries after the Versailles peace settlement.

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Some changes in national boundaries from before and after the war include great changes in eastern Europe and the middle east. New countries were made such as Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Syria, Iraq, and Transjordan. Russia and Germany lost land, Austria-Hungary became two countries, and Romania gained land.

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Which country was an ally of the United States during World War I? a) country A b) country B c) country C d) country D

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c) Country C

U.S. History 1 Chapter 19 – Flashcards

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