Tokugawa Shogunate – Flashcards
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What followed the end of the wars between the rival daimyo (feudal lords) and the Samurai?
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The Tokugawa Shogunate
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What is a daimyo?
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A feudal lord
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Who was fighting before the Tokugawa Shogunate took over?
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Rival daimyo and samurai
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Who took over Japan in 1603?
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Shoguns
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What did the Tokugawa shoguns do to Japan?
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Closed Japan off from all the outside world
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What was the only trading post in Japan?
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Deshima in Nagasaki
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How long did the Tokugawa Shogunate last?
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Until the 19th century
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Who forced Japan to open up to the West?
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Americans
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What religion was spread in Japan by Westerners?
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Christianity
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What big thing was introduced to Japan during trade in the 1500s?
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The gun
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Who introduced the gun to Japan?
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The Portugese
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Was the time during the Tokugawa Shogunate peaceful or war-like and why?
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Peaceful through dictatorship
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What did the Tokugawa Shogunate have a monopoly on?
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Gunpowder and technology
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The Tokugawa Shogunate had a rigid _______
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Class system - it was nearly impossible to move in it
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What type of government ruled during the Tokugawa Shogunate?
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Military dictatorship led by shoguns (military governor)
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Tokugawa Ieyasu
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- Ended the Age of the Warring States
- United Japan
- Became shogun in 1603 after a century of civil war
- Created dynasty and government that ruled Japan for 250 years
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Age of the Warring States
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-Civil war broke out when a series of weak shoguns lost control of the state
-Daimyo backed by their samurai armies, battled each other for power
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What was the Tokugawa Dynasty political structure like?
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- Centralized Feudal System
- Strong Government
1. Shogun
2. Emperor
3. Daimyo
4. Samurai
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Shogun
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Military leader who ruled on behalf of the emperor and demanded the allegiance of the daimyo
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Emperor
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"Top" of the Japanese feudal structure
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Daimyo
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Feudal lords controlled large landed estates
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Samurai
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Warriors to defend their land and settle disputes with other lords
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How was the power of Daimyo limited in Japan
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- Tokugawa rulers created a secret police force to root out opposition
- Banned the use of firearms, construction of new castles
- Restricted the movement of the samurai, forced the Daimyo and their families to live as virtual hostages in Edo (Tokyo)
- Financial burden placed on the daimyo while curbing power → helped ensure loyalty
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What was the Tokugawa Dynasty economy like?
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Isolation -
- First welcomed new ideas through trade and foreign influence
- Became isolated which lead to downfall
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What was the Tokugawa Dynasty society like?
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Six Classes -
1. Emperor and Imperial Court families
2. Warrior class - lords and samurai (5%)
3. Farmers - most productive part of society
4. Artisans - craftsmen
5. Merchants - gained from works of others
6. Outcasts - "eta" - restricted
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Why did the Tokugawa Dynasty decline?
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1. Xenophobia -> lead to isolation
2. Isolation lead to the corruption of the government, Prevented Japan from gaining useful knowledge from abroad
3. Lack of progress left Japan vulnerable to foreign powers
4. American warships forced Japan to open up to foreign trade
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What was Edo
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Capital city of Japan now known as Tokyo
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Xenophobia
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Fear of foreigners
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How did the Tokugawa Dynasty unify Japan?
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It brought peace and stability to Japan for over 250 years
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What was Tokugawa Ieyasu before he came to power?
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The most powerful daimyo in Edo
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How did Tokugawa come to power?
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Muskets, and field artillery
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What did Tokugawa's rules form?
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A centralized government
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What did the Tokugawa shoguns do to Christians?
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They persecuted them
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Who was allowed to conduct trade?
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The government
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What were the subsections of the warrior class in Japan?
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1. Shogun
- Distributed national rice crop
- Supreme ruler below emperor
2. Daimyo
- Received land and rice from shogun for military service
3. Samurai
- Received rice for service as advisers, guards, and gov. officials
4. Ronin
- Warriors without masters
- Looked for employment
