THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM – Flashcards

The musculoskeletal system consists of muscle, bones, bone marrow, joints, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and bursae The adult human skeleton contains 206 bones and more than 600 muscles. Joints are located where two or more bones meet and contain cartilage and bursa

Movement, posture, joint stability, and heat production. Provide a framework for the body, protect the soft body parts such as the brain, store calcium, and produce blood cells. The organs and structures of the musculoskeletal system work together to protect, support, and move the body.

periosteum: outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue compact bone: dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum cancellous (spongy) bone: contains small spaces like a sponge and is encased in the layers of compact bone endosteum: membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone diaphysis: shaft of the long bones epiphysis: ends of the long bone bone marrow: material found in the cavities of bones red marrow: thick, bloodlike material found in flat bones and the ends of long bones (location of blood cell formation) yellow marrow: soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones

maxilla: upper jawbone vertebral column: made up of bones called vertebrae (pl.) or vertebra (sing.) through which the spinal cord runs. It protects the spinal cord, supports the head, and provides points of attachment for ribs and muscles. cervical vertebrae (C1-C7): first set of 7, forming the neck thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12): second set of 12 vertebrae lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5): third set of 5 larger vertebrae; forms the inward curve of spine sacrum: next 5 vertebrae, which fuse together coccyx: 4 vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone lamina: part of the vertebral arch clavicle (2): collarbone scapula (2): shoulder blade sternum: breastbone upper extremities: arm and hand bones humerus (2) carpals (16) ulna (2) metacarpals (10) radius (2) phalanges (28)

lower jawbone

pelvic bones (three pairs fused together

femur (2) tarsals (4) patella (2) metatarsals (10) tibia (2) phalanges (28) fibula (2)

joint: holds bones together and makes movement possible

smooth layer of firm fibrous tissue covering the contacting surface of joints

crescent-shaped cartilage found in the knee

cartilaginous pad found between the vertebrae in the spine

cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones come together

fluid secreted by the synovial membrane and found in joint cavities

fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another

flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a joint

: band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone

attached to bones by tendons and make body movement possible. Skeletal muscles produce action by pulling and by working in pairs. Also known as voluntary muscles because we have control over these muscles.

located in internal organs, such as the walls of blood vessels and the digestive tract. They are also called involuntary muscles because they respond to impulses from the autonomic nerves and are not controlled voluntarily.

forms most of the wall of the heart. Its involuntary contraction produces the heartbeat.

Bones and muscles work together to produce various movements. Some are listed here: abduction adduction inversion eversion extension flexion pronation supination rotation

carp/o clavic/o, clavicul/o cost/o crani/o femor/o fibul/o humer/o ili/o ischi/o lumb/o mandibul/o maxill/o patell/o pelv/i, pelv/o phalang/o pub/o rachi/o, spondyl/o, verebr/o radi/o sacr/o scapul/o stern/o tars/o tibi/o uln/o

aponeur/o arthr/o burs/o chondr/o disk/o menisc/o synovi/o ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

ankyl/o kinesi/o kyph/o lamin/o lord/o my/o, myos/o myel/o oste/o petr/o scoli/o

inter- supra- sym-, syn-

-asthenia -clasia, -clasis, -clast -desis -physis -schisis