The Medieval ages of Western Europe 400-1400 CE – Flashcards
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Medieval Western Europe
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-Last Roman Emperor of West abdicates 476 CE -Demise of large cities -Decline of monumental art & architecture -Invasion of western Europe
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Early Medieval Civilization
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Fusion of: Christianity Greco-Roman Heritage Cultures of non-roman people
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Charlemagne " Charles the great" 748-814 CE
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Grandson of Charles Martel, A frankish ruler who helped defeat the Islamic armies at the battle of Tours in 732 Rules area of France, Germany, and the low countries, 768-814 800- Crowded emperor by Pope Leo III in Old St. Peter's in Rome. Patron of Architecture
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Carolingian
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Period for Charles the Great
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Renovatio
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Renewal / Revvival
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Aachen ( Aix-la-Chapelle) Germany , Palatine Chapel 792-805
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-Uses basilica -Designed by Odo of Metz -Built by Lombard masons. -Emphasis on Western entrance -Twin stair towers-"Westwork" -Domed -Octagon -Two storied -Compare to S. Vitale Ravenna, 526 -2nd floor gallery -Corinthian columns -Clerestory -Dome -Cloister Vault -Mosiac Throne for Charlemagne Served as: Palace Chapel Mosque
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Twin towers , light towers
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"Westwork"
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Spolia
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Reusable materials
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Relics collected by Charlemagne
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-The cloak of the blessed Virgin -The Swaddling -clothes of the infant jesus
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Octagonal Cloister Vault
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Eight curving triangular segments in dome.
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Symbolism of 8?
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-Bibilcal references -Circle ; square
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Oratory, Germignyo -des-Pres, France, 806-810 Cha
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-Built for Theodulf Advisor to Charlemagne -Orratory = Private Chapel -Greek cross plan -Horseshoe Arches -Compare to Mausoleum of Galla Placida Stone masonry H
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Medieval Society
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-Landowners (lords and knights) -Priests and monks -Peasants ( Laborors )
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The Monastic Rule
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-Monks live communally in a abbey, under the rule of abbot, nuns have an abbess -Empahasis on work and study created a self-suffiencient comunity.
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The Rule of St. Benedict 535 CE
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Poverty , chastity , obedience.
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Plan of St. Gall Monastery, Switzerland
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-Plan of IDEAL monastery -From Switzerland -Made by Abbot -Sets forth major components of religous community. -Double-ended basilica Church Cloister Library Refectory Kitchen brewery Barns Guests rooms
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Abbey Church of St. Martin-du-Canigou , France, 1001-1026
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Variety of rooms for monks to sleep. Cloitre (connects to church) 2 stories Masonry construction Crept-lower church Upper church. Apse 2 Smaller apse's
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Romanesque art and Architecture
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Romanesque implies a connection to roman past, something which is "Roman like" Romanesque style flourishes ca 1000-1250 Churches and monasteries most common building.
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Abbey Church of St.-Philibert Tournus, France, C. 950-1120
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First Romanesque Westwork Lombard Bands Crypt-Burial-Below choir in east with Relics of Saint Philibert. Groin Vaults Barrel Vaults- Above Nave Tranverse Vault
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St. Micheal's Hildesheim, Germany , ca 1010-1033
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Nave Clerestory Western Apse Very Large Alternate support system Piers roofs are not masonry Bronze Doors-Doors were hidden after WW2
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Bronze Doors 1015
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16 Panels 16 Ft Tall Extremely Heavy Left Side: Book of Genesis , Creation of world, Original Sin Right Side: Life of Christ, Redemption
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Church of Santa Sabina , Rome 422-432 CE
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Narthex Central Nave Apse Wooden door panels
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Speyer Cathedral Speyer, Germany 1030-1082
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Lombard bands Blinds Arches Transcept Cross Shaped Apse Transverse arch bands
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San Miniato al Monte Florence, Italy 1062-1090
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Mosiacs Apse Stone Floor Piers with multiple elements Wooden trusses Steps that lead up to Sanctuary
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Pisa Cathedral 1063
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Nave Double Aisles Galleries Transept and crossing Marble arcades on exterior. Basilica type layout Polychrome marble revetment on interior. Oval dome above crossing wooden trusses elsewhere.
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Milan, S. Ambrogio 1080-1140
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Atrium to west Two story Narthex with arches. Two bell towers. Nave has four vaulted bays , aisles and galleries above. Lombard bands Rib vaults thick heavy piers Thickness edge (ribbed vaulting)
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Pilgrimage
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Taking a long adventurous journey. d
