The Development of Filipino Nationalism – Flashcards

The development of nationalism in the Phil is the reaction to colonialism. The Filipino's love for freedom motivated them to unite against their colonizer.

1. The opening of Phil. port to the World Trade 2. The emergence of ilustrado class 3. GomBurZa execution 4. spanish abuses and oppression

- Manila was opened to world trade in 1834 - Ilo Ilo, Pangasinan & zamboanga in 1855 - Cebu in 1860 - Tacloban in 1873

- Foreigner brought fresh agricultural ideas to country - new machineries came to the colony - development of agriculture - increase production of tobacco , sugar, abaca

1. Palay - cultivated in Central Luzon 2. Abaca- cultivated in Bicol 3. Tobacco - in Ilocos 4. Sugar Cane - in Negros and Ilo Ilo

1. Inquilinos became rich 2. the friars, as land owner, also accumulated wealth from unjust increase in the rent of land 3. Emergence of wealthy middle Class ( ilustrado Class)

1. As kasama or tenants, they remained poor & oppressed 2. they did not enjoy the benefits of bountiful harvest 3. they continued to experience abuses inside the hacienda

The middle class was composed of the principalia ( those belong to Filipino native or upper class- Spanish or Chinese mestizos). their families were inquilinos who rented land to the friars. During Phil. open to world Trade agricultural production developed cause them to become wealthy and able to studied in Manila & Spain.

The illustrados are educated Filipinos who campaigning for reform in the colony in a peaceful means by writing essays, articles, novels or publishing in news paper called La Solidaridad

Advantages: 1. Voyage bet Europe and Phil. Became shorter 2. Influx of Europeans came to the country 3. European brought liberal ideas like equality, liberty and fraternity Disadvanyages 1. The number of Spaniards increase not only in manila but also in the provinces that occupied posts in municipal government. 2. More friars increase with only concerned to increase material wealth and gaining social prestige by acquiring power in the society 3. Filipinos become tightly guarded by colonizers

transfer of the parishes from the Spanish friars to the Filipino priest. It is one of the effects of spread of liberal ideas from Europe.

1. Regular priests- belong to particular religious orders such as Dominicans, Jesuits, Augustinians, Franciscans and Pecollects. Only Spanish priest could become Regular Priest. 2. Secular Priests- did not belong to religious orders and they were under supervision of archbishop.

Due to death of secular priest in 19th century, the parishes entrusted to regular priest. The Spaniards wanted to silence the secular priest - Father Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, Jacinto Zamora- were executed in 1872 after being implicated as master mind in Cavite Mutiny.

broke out in January 1872 after the workers in the found out that their salaries had been reduce due to the new tribute imposed by Gov. General Rafael de Laquerdo.The fellow worker in the artillery crops and govn. shops were also disgruntled after their exemption from tribute and polo y service were suddenly taken away by the govn.

leader of Cavite Mutiny , died when a sack of gunpowder exploded before him.

it is considered as the beginning of Filipino Nationalism in Phil. history because the death not 3 priest are innocent.

1. Fr. Burgos- involvement in the issue of secularization 2. Fr. Gomez - participated in secularization but no longer active in 1872 and he was already more than 80 years old 3. Fr. Zamora - victim of mistaken identity since the warrant of arrest was addressed to a certain Jose Zamora, a known critic of Spanish Government at that time

Spaniards born in Spain

someone who campaign for reform or change by way of writing . They advocated reform by writing books, pamphlet and newspaper

founded in 19th century by the illustrados, to improved the lives of low indios thru reform or changes implemented in the colony.

1. to make Philippines the province of Spain 2. Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes (legislative branch in Spanish Govn.) 3. equality between Spaniards and filipino 4. secularization or granting Filipino priest the right to hold parishes 5. gaining freedom of speech, expression and assembly .

3 LEADING REFORMIST IN 19TH CENTURY 1. JOSE RIZAL 2. GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA 3. MARCELO H. DEL PILAR

for them frailocracy or monastic supremacy was the root cause of impoverishment of the Filipinos under Spanish colonialism.

for him Spanish colonial system itself should be blame for the unfortunate state of the Filipinos and the colony.

- great orator of the Reform Movement - born in Jaro, Ilo ilo on Dec 18,1856 - his parents water him to become a priest however Jaena wanted to become a doctor - he left seminary and enrolled in School of Medicine in UST but due to financial difficulties hewasnt able to finished his doctor degree and forced top go back in Ilo Ilo - the poor people of Ilo Ilo consulted him for medical problem - he started the campaign for freedom in 1874 by writing Fray Botod means " big- bellied friar" -In his work he revealed the gluttony, indolence and greed of friars as represented by Fray Botod - He went to Negros Occidental to avoid arrest - 1880, he went to Valencia Spain and continue his doctor degree but later shifted to journalism in Madrid. - In Madrid, he wrote articles campaigning for reforms in the Phil. - he become member of freemasonry and founded masonic lodge for Filipinos in 1889 - he has a habit of eating sardines straight from the can, wiping his hands at his coat and still wear it the next day without being laundry -he tied of tuberculosis on Jan. 20, 1869 in Madrid

- greatest journalist of Reform Movement - born August 30,1850 in San Nicolas, Bulacan, Bulacan -He used his grandmother surname based on Gov. General Narciso Claverias decree in 1849- Filipinos should adopt Spanish Surname -He studied Latin in Manila, He obtained the degree in Bachelor of Arts at Colegio de San Jose. He took up law at UST but unable to finish it bec. he was suspended when he inquired the increase in baptismal fee. He was also imprisoned for 30 days for this offense. - He married his second cousin Marciana del Pilar they have 7 children's but only 2 survived , Sofia and Anita He is passionate in his campaign against frailocracy, he deliver speech in baptismal, fiestas and even in cockpit arena to exposed the the abuses of friars and the injustices his family committed from them - He was the co founder of first bilingual newspaper in the Phil. " Diariong Tagalog". He published here his nationalistic article including the Tagalog translation of Jose Roizal's " El Amor Patrio" - His other writing are: - Caingat Cayo - he defended here the Noli Me Tangere of Jose Rizal - Dasalan at Toksohan - collection of revised Catholic Prayers where he exposed the true nature of friars - He change Ama Namin to Amain Namin, Aba Ginoong Maria into Aba Ginoong Barya, Sampung Utos ng Diyos to Sampung Utos ng Prayle. - Pasiong Dapat Ipag-alab nang Puso ng taong babasa - La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas ( Monastic Supremacy in the Phil) - La Frailocracia Filipina ( The Frailocrady in the Phil)

- the most important reformist - born on June 19, 1861 in Calamba Laguna - At the age of 3 - he learned his alphabet - at the age of 8 - he wrote a poem entitled " Sa Aking mga Kabata" ( To My Fellowchildren)-poem talks about love for one's language - at the age of 9-mhe was sent to private tutorship Don Justiniano Aquino Cruz - 1872, change his family name from Mercado to Rizal because Mercado was closely identified to Fr. Burgos who was executed by Spanish Authorities -1877, graduated Bachelor of Arts in Ateneo, Municipal -He enrolled in UST took up medicine while taking up agrimensura (surveying) in Ateneo - Rizal's poem A la juventud Filipina ( To the Filipino Youth) won the first prize illiteracy contest sponsored by Licero Literario- Artisticio - The Councils of the God only won 2nd price after the judge learned that it was written by Filipino -1882, he sailed for Spain without the knowledge of his parents and finished medicine in Universidad Central de Madrid in June 1885. - Filipinas dentro de cien anos ( The Philippine Century Hence) his written essay where he showed how the ancient civilization of Filipinos was ruined by Spaniards - Sa Mga KAbabaihan ng Malolos ( The Young women of Malolos) - he commended the 20 women of Malolos who bravely disobeyed their parish priest by establishing a night school where they could learn the Spanish language - Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not) a novel about social reality in the Phil.in 19th century - Feb 1888- he was forced to leave Manila, he went to Honhkong, Japan, Mcau, US and England causing him to learned numerous language - July 3, 1892- founded the La Liga Filipina in Tondo Manila- the movement aim were to foster cooperation among Filipinos, to help each other in times of needs, to promote education and agriculture - 1892-1896 - Rizal spend his life as an exiled in Dapitan. He became a teacher to little boys, he built artesian well for more effective irrigation system, he served as a doctor, he met Josephine Bracken - He was requested to go to Cuba to serve as military doctor. but he was arrested for allegedly being connected with revolution which broke out in the Phil. in 1896 - He was inprisoned at Fort Santiago - for sedition, rebellion and illegal association - Dec 30,1896- executed in Bagumbayan (Luneta) - last poem given to his sister Mi Ultimo Adios, secretly hid inside the cocinilla de alcohol (cooking lamp)

- Jaena as the first editor - Marcelo H del Pilar suceeded as editor of La Solidaridad -Marcelo H Del Pilar used pen names such as Dolores Mnapat and Piping Dilat - Jose Rizal write his important works such as La indolence delos Filipinos ( The Indolence of the Filipinos) wherein he answered the accusation of the friars about the seeming laziness of the Filipinos

-The propagandist studied in Madrid and remain in Madrid to avoid being imprisoned - Reform movement failed in achieving the desired reforms - Spain turned a deaf ear to the sentiments of reformist - Friars were also powerful and they able to publish answer to the accusation and attacks of reformists - Reformists lacked funding to continue publishing the La Solidaridad - Lack of unity among reformists causing to weekend the movement - they only successful in exposing the abuses of Spaniards

- the failure of reform movement pave the way in creation of a movement that advocate armed struggle to attain freedom

Kataas-taasan Kagalang-galangan na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or Katipunan - founded on July 7,1892 , same day that news about Rizal's exile to Dapitan

sons of the people, used triangle method to recruit members, where every member should recruit two new members who would only know each other after passing the initiation rites

first President of Katipunero followed by Roman-Basa then by Andres Bonifacio

they divided the members when it increased more than 100 1. Katipon 2. Kawal 3. Bayani - each category has its own password and members undergo blood compact

- Supremo of Katipunan - founders of Katipunan -born inTondo Nov. 30, 1863 - his father was a tailor and his mother was a cigarrera - he become orphaned at early age forced to discontinue studies - he sell canes and fans to survived - he later worked as messenger in a British company called Fleming & company - he also worked as warehousekeeper in Fressel & Company, a german company. - He read books during his free times and active in theatrical plays or moro-moro - He married twice (1st to Monica from Tondo - died in leprosy , 2nd - Gregoria de Jesus (Oryang) of Caloocan - he wrote poem, letters, essays and dicalogue -his writing are: > Pag-Ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa - wherein he discussed the importance of loving motherland > Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas sa Inang Espanya > Ang Dapat Mabatid ng Tagalog -explained how Phil. entered an era of darkness under Spaniards . He explained in essay the meaning of word Tagalog- it did not only refer to particular ethnic group but to all inhabitants who lived near bodies of water ( tags-ilog) . everybody should be rightfully called Tagalog. - his pseudonym was Agapito Bagumbayan - He prepared a Decalogue to serve as guide for Katipuneros " Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan. but later adopted the Kartilla ng Katipunan of Jacinto.

- Brain of Katipunan - born on Dec. 15, 1875 in Trozo, Manila - he took up Bachelor of Arts from the Colegio de San Juan de Letran - he took up law from UST but he was not able to finished it bed. of revolution - he joined Katipunan in 1894 under the name of Pingkian - he write Kartilla ng Katipunan that served as moral and ethical guide for Katipuneros - His work are: > Liwanag at Dilim > La Patria - become editor in chief of Kalayaan - official newspaper of Katipunan - he assigned to rescue Rizal while waiting the ship going to Cuba but Rizal refused to be rescued - he fought with cazaderos or spanish riflemen in Maimpis Magdalena Laguna where he was wounded on the knee - he died due to malaria on April 6, 1899 in Sta Cruz Laguna.