Flashcards About The Byzantine Empire
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The Straits
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Narrow waterway where Europe and Asia separate
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Where are the Straits located?
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In modern Turkey
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At what two sea's do the Straits connect?
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At the Black Sea & the Aegean Sea
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The Straits are an important link between?
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Central Europe & the Mediterranean Sea
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What 3 bodies of water make up the Straits?
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Bosporus, Sea of Marmara and the Dardanelles.
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Bosporus
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A narrow channel the flow out of the Black Sea
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Sea of Marmara
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A wide body of water.
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Dardanelles
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Connects the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean Sea.
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Ships that travel through the Straits passageway are going to ports located in what sea?
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The Black Sea
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Istanbul
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Modern Turkish name for a city that began centuries ago as the Greek town Byzantium.
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The Turkish city of Istanbul is located on the western shore of what body of water?
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The Bosporus
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Which Roman emperor chose Byzantium for the site of his new eastern capital?
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Constantine
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What did the citizens call the city of the New Rome?
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Constantinople
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Constantinople was known as the center of which empire? (named after a Greek town)
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Byzantine Empire
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What was used to make Constantinople strong against enemy attacks?
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Huge walls, moats and the Coastal waters were patrolled by the Navy.
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How many miles of walls surrounded the houses and people of Constantinople?
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13
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A moat and three stone walls were built on which side of Constantinople?
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the western, Landward side
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How many walls faced the sea?
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Only one
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the harbor walls were patrolled by who?
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the Navy
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What secret weapon was used during battle?
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Greek Fire
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What is Greek Fire?
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a liquid that burned without being lighted (burned on water)
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What was placed across the southern end of the Bosporus to stop enemy ships?
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a chain
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Constantiople was captured in?
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1453
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Greek Fire is made up of?
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sulphur/haptha
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Enemy Siege
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an attack in which an enemy army surrounds a fort or city for a long time
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What must Constantinople be able to supply during an Enemy Siege
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Food and water
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The land within the walls was used for?
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Farming
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How ws fresh water brought into the city?
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aqueducts
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If an enemy cut off the water supply was was used for water?
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Cisterns or reservoirs
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Where were Cisterns built
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inside the walls, underground
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Besides lack of food and water, what was another problem during a siege?
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buildup of garbage and waste
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How was the buildup of garbage and waste prevented?
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a drainage system
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What is the name of the emperor's home
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Imperial Palace
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How did the emperor rule?
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Alone without the help of a senate or other elected body.
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What did the emperor believe his duty on earth was?
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he believed he was god's represnetative to rule the empire
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How were government positions filled?
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they were appointed by the emperor
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Besides governing the empire, what other important job did he do?
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performed ceremonies
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What did the emperor dress in during the ceremonies?
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an elaborate regalia
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How often were ceremonies held?
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nearly every day
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What did these ceremonies show the people?
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that the emperor was their supreme ruler
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Who was the most notable emperor of the Byzantine Empire?
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Justinian
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During the reign of Justinian the empire had what kind of age?
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A Golden Age
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What goals did Justinian set for the empire to meet during his rule?
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1. reconquer the lands of western Rome taken by the Barbarians. 2. rule his empire fairly.
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After Justinian death what happened to most of the land?
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It was lost
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In order to rule his empire fairly Justinian created laws, organizing them into what?
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The Code of Justinian
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During Justinian's reign what destroyed half of Constantinople?
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Fire
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After half of Constantinople was destroyed Justinian was determined to do what?
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rebuild it better and more beautiful
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Roman Catholics
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Pope, Priests did not marry, celabrate Christmas and spoke Latin
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Orthodox
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Patriarch, Priests could marry, celebrated Easter and spoke Greek
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The Bishop of Rome was also known as?
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the Pope
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Who often clashed over who was the real leader of the Roman church?
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the Pope and emperor in the East
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The organized church in the West is known today as the ?
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Roman Catholic church
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The organized church in the East is known as the ?
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Eastern Orthodox, or Orthodox church
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What is the name of the highest officer in the church?
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the Patriarch
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the Patriarch had authority over who?
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all lower clergymen
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the Patriarch led services at the?
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Hagia Sophia
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The Orthodox church claimed to follow?
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the bible and teachings of the early church
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What did the Orthodox church add to scriptures?
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other writings called traditions
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The Orthodox church followed a religion filled with what?
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ritual
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What are some of the rituals the Orthodox church taught were important?
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baptism, prayers for forgiveness
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Monasticism
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the practice of living apart from the world for religous reasons
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What was a male monastic called?
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Monk
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What was a female monastic called?
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Nun
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Where did Monk's and Nun's live?
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in monasteries
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How did the members of the Orthodox church earn their salvation?
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by works
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Hippodrome
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A large open stadium (similar to the Colosseum in Rome) near the Imperial Palace
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the Hippodrome was a favorite what?
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gathering place where sports contests were held
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People who had time and money often went on what kind of trips?
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hunting trips outside the city's walls
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What did the children receive in the home?
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religious instruction
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What occupation did sons follow?
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their fathers occupation
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What did daughters learn?
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homemaking skills taught by their mothers
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In Byzantine society how were women treated?
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Women were honored and had more privileges than women in other lands.
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Did children in Byzantine go to school?
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Yes
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What did children learn to do in school?
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read and write Greek
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Why didn't the children learn Latin?
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Because Greek was the more common language of the eastern empire.
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Who was a famous Greek poet?
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Homer
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Did girls go to school?
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No they had private tutors at home
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If you wanted to learn beyond simple reading and writing what did you have to do?
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Hire a tutor
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What did a tutor teach?
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advanced writing, reading of the classical literature of Greece and Rome and public speaking
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Beyond the level a tutor taught was know as what?
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the highest level
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What was taught at the highest level of education?
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Law, philosophy, medicine and theology
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Who reached the highest level of education?
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Only the wealthiest and most able scholars
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Did the Byzantines make many new discoveries or inventions?
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No, but they preserved the learning of the past.
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Why did the Byzantines copy Greek and Latin manuscripts?
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To replace aging original manuscripts. Done by hand.
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Why is it import that the Byzantines created the manuscripts?
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They provided us with most of our kowledge of the writings of ancient and classical Greece and Rome.
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Byzantine art was inspired by what?
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Orthodox religion
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Artists designed and decorated what?
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churches and items used in worship
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What is the best example of Byzantine architecture?
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the Hagia Sophia, also known as the dome
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Byzantine artists decorated the interiors of church buildings with what?
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paintings and mosaics of religious scenes.
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Mosaic
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a picture made by piecing together bits of glass, stone, or tile.
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What are the steps to making a mosaic?
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1. sketching design into wet plaster 2. press pieces of colored glass or stone into the plaster
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Icon
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a small picture of an important pedrson from Scripture or church history
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What were icon's decorated with?
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jewels & precious metals
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Church members believed that the icon brought what?
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blessings
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Goods poured into the Byzantine markets & harbors from what 3 continents?
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Europe, Africa & Asia
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What came from India and China?
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silks, spices, perfumes and ivory
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What came from Persia?
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Jewels and precious stones
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What came from Asia Minor, Syria and Egypt?
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food and raw materials (grain, sugar, meat, cotton and metals)
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What came from Russia?
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furs, honey, wax and slaves
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Craftsmen produced what?
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silk, brocades, linens, carved ivory, perfume, and enamel work
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What did most country people do?
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worked on farms (raise horses, camels, goats, sheep, pigs, and cattle)
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What did farmers grow?
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grapes, olives, figs and some grains
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Why did most food need to be imported?
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poor soil around Constantinople
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What did the family's do that lived around the coastline?
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fishing
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What half of the Roman Empire was Byzantine?
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the eastern half that remained after Rome fell in the west
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What is the capital of the Byzantine Empire?
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Constantinople
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Where is Constantinople located?
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on the western shores of the Straits
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The Straits are the only water passageway between that two Sea's?
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The Black Sea and the Aegean Sea.
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The Byzantine Empire lasted until what century?
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the fifteenth century (with Constantinople as its center)
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The city had strong walls to protect against what?
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siege
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What served as the emperor's home and the center of governement?
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Imperial Palace
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What was the center of Orthodox worship?
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the Hagia Sophia
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What was the people's favorite place to what sporting events?
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Hippodrome
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Markets in the city sold goods from close places or far away places?
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far away places.
