TExES 191 Generalist EC-6 – Flashcards
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Curvilinear
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Allows for a more flexible progression to convey informaiton...it allows speakers the option of deviating from the main topic without being penalized
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Linear
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English - little flexibility to deviate from the topic
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Balanced Reading Program
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Skills based approach (phonics instruction (skills)) & Whole-language based approach (meaning ~ reading comprehension and enrichment).
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Language Experience Approach (LEA)
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Teacher writes down students' ideas, connecting speech to print and how oral language is related to writing.
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Alphabetic Principle
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Words are made of letters that represent sounds
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Whole Language Approach
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To derive meaning from text, readers rely more on the structure and meaning of lanugage than on the graphic information from the text.
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Homonyms
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Same word...different meaning (bat, bat)
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Homophones
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Sound the same, spelled differently (blew, blue)
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Pairing Students - Reading
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Proficient child receives additional practice; ELL/struggling readers are able to listen to fluent readers.
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SSR - Sustained Silent Reading
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Goal - Boost reading comprehension; improve reading fluency; read without moving lips
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Pointing to words
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Stop during second grade
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Scanning
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Children are guided to look for specific information in text
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Skimming
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Students read major headings, table of contents, bold letters, graphic materials, and summary paragraphs to get the main idea of the content.
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SQ4R
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Survey, Question, Read, Write, Recite, Review
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Reciprocal Teaching
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The teacher engages students in a dialogue about specific portions of a text. Purpose - Guide children to construct meaning and to monitor reading comprehension.
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Stages of Bloom's Taxonomy
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1 - Knowledge 2 - Comprehension 3 - Analysis 4 - Application 5 - Synthesis 6 - Evaluation
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Story Grammar
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Focuses on the key elements in a story
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Reading to Learn
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Decode written language, understand content, obtain vital information from the content. Understand how text is organized in the contetn areas. Teachers must guide children to notice and study the structure of text ~ TOC, titles, subtitles, and headings
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Reference Map
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Show the location of places. Atlases and road maps
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Thematic maps
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Show a particular topic
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Physical map
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Shows the topography of the earth including land features and elevations
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Economic map
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Shows the important resources of a country or region
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Southern Colonies' Economy
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Tobacco, rice, indigo, cotton
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Middle Colonies' Economy
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Farming, shipping, fishing, trading
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New England Colonies' Economy
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Farming, small industries - fishing, lumber, crafts
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1st Amendment
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Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly and petition
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2nd Amendment
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The right to keep and bear arms
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3rd Amendment
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Freedom from quartering of Soldiers
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4th Amendment
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Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures
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5th Amendment
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Due Process
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6th Amendment
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Right to a fair, speedy trial
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7th Amendment
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Right to a trial by jury in civil cases; Right to sue
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8th Amendment
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Freedom from cruel and unusual punishments
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9th Amendment
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Rights not mentioned in the constitution belong to the people
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10th Amendment
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All other rights go to the state and the people
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13th Amendment
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Freed all slaves
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14th Amendment
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All people born in the US were citizens (except NA), equal rights, due process
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15th Amendment
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Black men can vote
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16th Amendment
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Income Tax
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18th Amendment
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Prohibition of Alcohol
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19th Amendment
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Women's Right to Vote
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26th Amendment
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Voting age - 18
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Mitochondria
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Small round or rod-shaped bodies found in the cytoplasm of most cells - produce the enzymes for the conversion of food to energy
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Prokaryotic cells
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Simplest and most primitive type of cells; lack a nucleus; one strand of DNS
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Eukaryotic cells
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Evoloved from prokaryotic cells, contains many organelles...nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi apparatus
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5 Kingdoms of Living things
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1. Monera 2. Protista 3. Fungi 4. Plantae 5. Animalia
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Monera
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Unicellular organisms - prokaryotic cells
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Protista
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Unicellular organisms in aquatic habitats - Eukaryotic cells
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Fungi
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Multicellular organisms - Eukaryotic cells - get energy, carbon, water from digesting dead materials
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Plants
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Multicellular organisms - Eukaryotic cells - chloroplasts, photosyntesis; carbon dioxide to oxygen
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Animals
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Multicellular organisms - Eukaryotic cells
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Food Chain
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Sun - plants - animals - fungi/plants
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Basic Needs of all living things
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air, water, food, and shelter
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Mitosis
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Nuclear cell division - cell splits to cerate two identical cells
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Meiosis
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Cells divide to produce the egg and sperm cells
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3 main components of an ecosystem
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Producers (plants) Consumers (animals) Decomposers (fungi, bacteria)
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Layers of the Earth
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Crust (3 to 40 miles, soil, metal, rocks) - Mantle (metals, rocks, minerals) - Outer Core (Liquid) - Inner Core (solid - iron, nickel)
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Earth's Atmosphere is made up of
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78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% argon
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Rock Cycle
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Igneous (Magma or lava cooling) - Sedimentary (small pieces of rock broken off and pressed together) - Metamorphic (formed from rocks that come in contact with hot lava)
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Phases of the moon
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New - Cresent (Waxing) - Half Moon - Gibbous (Waning) - Full
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My Very Excellent Mother Juggled Seven Ugly Natives
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Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars (astroid belt), Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
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Fine Arts and Visual Arts Strands (PCHC)
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Perception Creative Expression Historical/Cultural Heritage Critical Evaulation
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Spelling Stages
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Scribbling Pseudo Letters Random Letters Invented Spelling Transitional Spelling Conventional Spelling
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Scribbling
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Pretend Writing
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Pseudo Letters
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Attempt to create letters
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Random Letters
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Individual letters
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Invented Spelling
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Connect phonemes and graphemes (sounds and letters)
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Transitional Spelling
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Sight Words, more standard spelling
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Conventional Spelling
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Spell most words correctly
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Communtative Property
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The order of addends or factors doesn't change the result.
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Associative Property of Multiplication and Addition
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The order of the addends or product doesn't change the sum or the product (a+b)+c = a+(b+c)
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Distributive Property
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You can add and then multiply or multiply then add: a(b+c) = (a x b) + (a x c)
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First Mathematicians
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Egyptians and Babylonians
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Concept of Zero
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India, Greek astronomers, Arabs, Mayans
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Significant Contributions to Math
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Mayans and Aztecs
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Coahuiltecans lived where
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coastal plains (Rio Grande Valley)
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Karankawas lived where
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coastal plains (Southeastern Texas)
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Caddos lived where
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coastal plains (East Texas, Piney Woods)
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Coahuiltecans, Karankawas, and Caddos were what?
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food gatherers, fishermen, and farmers
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Jumanos lived hwere
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mountains and basins of West Texas
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Two Indian groups who coexisted with the Europeans
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Comanches and Apaches
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The Comanches and Apaches were what?
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Fearless warriors and successful buffalo hunters after they domesticated horses.
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The Apache lived where
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Central and western Texas
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The Comance lived where?
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Great Plains, flatland, and hills
