Test #7 (ch.29) – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
All of the following are characteristics of vertebrates EXCEPT
- internal organs.
- vertebral columns.
- postanal tails.
- exoskeletons.
- skulls.
answer
exoskeletons.
Characteristics of vertebrates include internal organs, vertebral columns, postanal tails and skulls. Vertebrates do not have exoskeletons.
question
Vertebrates without jaws would be the
- rays.
- turtles.
- lampreys.
- eels.
answer
lampreys.
Vertebrates without jaws would be jawless fish, lampreys.
question
The following are differences between amphibians and reptiles EXCEPT
- amphibians have smooth non-scaly skin, whereas reptiles are covered with scales and their skin is dry.
- all reptiles respire by the use of lungs, while amphibians use small lungs supplemented by cutaneous respiration.
- amphibian eggs are laid in water, but reptiles do not require water for reproduction.
- reptiles are ectothermic, while amphibians are endothermic.
answer
reptiles are ectothermic, while amphibians are endothermic.
question
Which of the following reptilian features enabled them to adapt to a terrestrial environment?
- A dry skin, ectothermy and external fertilization
- Two pairs of paired limbs, a septum that divides the ventricle, and well developed kidneys
- Skin that allows for respiration, a septum that divides the ventricle and an amniotic egg
- Efficient respiration, ectothermy and external fertilization
- Live birth, efficient excretion and two pairs of limbs
answer
Two pairs of paired limbs, a septum that divides the ventricle, and well developed kidneys
Two pairs of paired limbs, a septum that divides the ventricle, and well developed kidneys enabled reptiles to adapt to a terrestrial environment.
question
A notochord is
- a strip of cartilage that forms a back and tail in all vertebrates.
- a stiff dorsal supporting rod.
- replaced by the vertebral column during development.
- All of the choices are correct.
- A stiff dorsal supporting rod that is replaced by the vertebral column during development.
answer
A stiff dorsal supporting rod that is replaced by the vertebral column during development.
A notochord is a stiff dorsal supporting rod that is replaced by the vertebral column during development.
question
______ were the first vertebrates to live on land and they evolved from _____.
- Amphibians; fish
- Reptiles; amphibians
- Mammals; reptiles
- Amphibians; lancelets
answer
Amphibians; fish
Amphibians were the first vertebrates to live on land and they evolved from fish.
question
Which of the following statements best describes the jawless fishes?
- Ectotherms that have a bony skeleton.
- Ectotherms that have a smooth nonscaly skin.
- Endotherms that have a smooth nonscaly skin.
- Vertebrates that have scales and are ectothermic.
answer
Ectotherms that have a smooth nonscaly skin.
Jawless fish are ectotherms that have a smooth nonscaly skin.
question
In some chordates, the _______ is (are) replaced by ________.
- pharyngeal pouches; gills
- dorsal hollow nerve cord; a ventral solid nerve cord
- gill arches; pharyngeal pouches
- notochord; a dorsal hollow nerve cord
- a vertebral column; notochord
answer
pharyngeal pouches; gills
In some chordates, the pharyngeal pouches are replaced by gills.
question
Which of these is NOT one of the characteristics of a vertebrate?
- radial symmetry
- segmentation
- extreme cephalization
- closed circulation
- coelom
answer
radial symmetry
The characteristics of vertebrates include segmentation, cephalization, closed circulation, and a coelom. Radial symmetry is not a characteristic of vertebrate.
question
Which of the following features are shared by all of the jawed fish?
- Endothermic, gills and scales.
- Ectothermic, smooth nonscaly skin and bony skeleton.
- Cartilaginous endoskeleton, gills and scales.
- Bony endoskeleton, gills and scales.
answer
Cartilaginous endoskeleton, gills and scales.
All jawed fish have a cartilaginous endoskeleton, gills and scales.
question
Which feature would have given the jawed fish an evolutionary advantage over the jawless fish when it came time to hunt for food?
- The evolution of jaws from the gill slits that would enable them to bite more efficiently.
- The evolution of an ectothermic lifestyle so they could regulate their body temperature based upon the environment.
- Gills that would increase the efficiency of their breathing.
- A cartilaginous endoskeleton that would provide for more power while swimming.
- A skin that is nonscaly that also allows for an increased respiration ability.
answer
The evolution of jaws from the gill slits that would enable them to bite more efficiently.
question
Which feature is found in the bony fish but not in the cartilaginous fish?
- scales
- lateral line system for detecting prey
- endothermy
- ectothermy
- swim bladder
answer
swim bladder
A swim bladder is found in the bony fish and not in the cartilaginous fish.
question
Amphibians evolved from
- darters.
- sharks.
- bass and bluegill.
- sturgeon and catfish.
- lobe-finned fishes with lungs.
answer
lobe-finned fishes with lungs.
Amphibians evolved from lobe-finned fishes with lungs.
question
The amphibians' unique contribution to the evolution of land vertebrates was
- respiration by gills.
- respiration through the skin.
- separation of lung/gill and systemic (body) circulation.
- development of the tail for propulsion.
- the leathery waterproof egg shell.
answer
separation of lung/gill and systemic (body) circulation.
The amphibians' unique contribution to the evolution of land vertebrates was separation of lung and systemic (body) circulation.
question
Amphibians were the dominant animal life during the ________ period.
- Jurassic
- Carboniferous
- Devonian
- Silurian
- Cambrian
answer
Carboniferous
Amphibians were the dominant animal life during the Carboniferous period.
question
Lungless salamanders lack lungs and breathe through their skins after they lose their gills. You would expect lungless salamanders to
- prefer drier habitats.
- prefer stagnant water.
- be larger than most salamanders.
- be restricted to smaller and/or thinner body plans.
answer
be restricted to smaller and/or thinner body plans.
Lungless salamanders lack lungs and breathe through their skins after they lose their gills. You would expect lungless salamanders to be restricted to smaller and/or thinner body plans. This would allow for a larger surface area to volume ratio thereby ensuring adequate oxygen intake to meet the metabolic needs of the organism.
question
Reptiles evolved from ______ ancestors and were abundant by the ________ Period.
- mammals; Carboniferous
- fish; Devonian
- echinoderms; Cambrian
- amphibians; Permian
answer
amphibians; Permian
Reptiles evolved from amphibian ancestors and were abundant by the Permian Period.
question
Which of these characteristics first developed in reptiles?
- amniotic egg
- scales on skin
- four-legged body
- skull and vertebral column
- animals living completely on land
answer
amniotic egg
The amniotic egg first developed in reptiles.
question
Which term can be applied to all of the vertebrates except for the jawless fish?
- Gnathostomes
- Endothermic
- Tetrapods
- Amniotes
answer
Endothermic
question
It was during the ______ period within the ______era that chordates made their first appearance.
- Cambrian, Paleozoic
- Ordovician, Paleozoic
- Mesozoic, Cretaceous
- Paleozoic, Cambrian
answer
Cambrian, Paleozoic
question
Which of the following groups had made their appearance during the Ordovician period?
- Jawless and jawed fish.
- Jawed fish and amphibians.
- Amphibians and reptiles.
- Reptiles and mammals.
- All of these groups had appeared by the Ordovician period.
answer
Jawless and jawed fish.
Jawless and jawed fish had made their appearance during the Ordovician period.
question
Characteristics of birds include all of the following EXCEPT
- aquatic reproduction.
- endotherms.
- modified reptilian scales as feathers.
- hard-shelled eggs.
- a modified skeleton with a fused collarbone and a keel.
answer
aquatic reproduction.
Characteristics of birds include all of the following except aquatic reproduction. Birds are endotherms and have modified reptilian scales as feathers, hard-shelled eggs, and a modified skeleton with a fused collarbone and a keel.
question
Generally the respiratory system in birds
- is identical to the human breathing system.
- is merely accelerated by the flight muscles.
- resembles the positive pressure system of a frog.
- is a one-way circulation of air so constant oxygen absorption can meet the high oxygen demand.
answer
is a one-way circulation of air so constant oxygen absorption can meet the high oxygen demand.
Generally the respiratory system in birds is a one-way circulation of air so constant oxygen absorption can meet the high oxygen demand.
question
The organ of nutrition used in fetal development in the most successful mammals is the
- mammary gland.
- egg.
- pouch.
- placenta.
- marsupium.
answer
placenta.
The organ of nutrition used in fetal development in the most successful mammals is the placenta.
question
The position of mammals in evolution is best described as
- they dominate life in the sea.
- they were among the first animals to live on land and their diversity is greater than all living things known.
- they arose from mammal-like reptiles in the Jurassic but remained small and insignificant while dinosaurs dominated the land.
- mammals gave rise to birds.
- All of the choices are correct.
answer
they arose from mammal-like reptiles in the Jurassic but remained small and insignificant while dinosaurs dominated the land.
The position of mammals in evolution is that of arising from mammal-like reptiles in the Jurassic but remaining small and insignificant while dinosaurs dominated the land.
question
Which of the following groups are considered chordates but are lacking the vertebral column trait?
- osteichthyes & urochordata
- urochordata & cephalochordates
- cephalochordates & chondrichthyes
- sea squirts & chondrichthyes
answer
urochordata & cephalochordates
question
Among the chordates, which features are unique to the tunicates?
- leathery outer covering and an excurrent siphon
- gill slits and bilateral symmetry
- sexual reproduction and complete digestive system
- sessile adult stage and aquatic lifestyle
- leathery outer covering and sessile adult stage
answer
leathery outer covering and an excurrent siphon
question
Which of the following groups of chordates would be most impacted by a decrease in the phytoplankton levels in the ocean?
- cephalochordates & urochordates
- cartilaginous fish & cephalochordates
- amphibians & urochodrates
- molluscs & cephalochordates
answer
cephalochordates & urochordates
question
Which is the correct sequence for the evolution of reptilian features?
- notochord, vertebrae, jaws, bony skeleton, lungs, 4 limbs and an amniotic egg
- notochord, jaws, vertebrae, bony skeleton, lungs, 4 limbs and an amniotic egg
- notochord, vertebrae, jaws, cartilaginous skeleton, lungs, 4 limbs and an amniotic egg
- vertebrae, jaws, notochord, bony skeleton, lungs, 4 limbs and an amniotic egg
- notochord, vertebrae, jaws, 4 limbs, bony skeleton, lungs, and an amniotic egg
answer
notochord, vertebrae, jaws, bony skeleton, lungs, 4 limbs and an amniotic egg
The correct sequence for the evolution of reptilian features is a notochord, vertebrae, jaws, bony skeleton, lungs, 4 limbs and an amniotic egg.
question
Which of the following features are found in the lobe-finned fish but are not present in the cartilaginous fish?
- bony skeletons and lungs
- paired fins and a bony skeleton
- jaws and lungs
- vertebrae and amniotic eggs
answer
bony skeletons and lungs
