Test 4 – Microbiology Flashcard
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| Skin |
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| First line of defense Mechanical and Chemical defense Normal Flora -Protective, Gram +, Opportunist |
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| 2 minor skin infections (details) |
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| Staph aureus Strep pyogenes localized infections systemic |
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| Systemic |
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| Toxin associated |
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| Typical bacteria types (4) |
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| Staphylococcus Streptococcus Pseudomonas Propionibacteria |
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| Staphyloccus |
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| clusters S. aureus-most pathogenic S. epidermis-opportunist (implants) S. saprophyticus- opportunist (uti) most are penicillin G resistant MRSA-methicillin resistent staph. aureus resist ALL penicilln catalase pos coagulase- S. Aureus-pos, Others- neg |
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| Staph aureus |
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| Coagulase positive golden yellow colonies exotoxins- leukocidiins, exfoliative toxin, enterotoxin MRSA (problem!!)- nasal carriage common, resist all penicillin --vancomycin effective, but VRSA developing |
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| Staph infection |
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| Localized -Follicultis, Furnicle, Carbuncle -each deeper and more damage |
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| Folliculitis |
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| Pimple |
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| Furuncle |
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| Boil |
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| Systemic |
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| Scalded skin syndrome Toxic shock -fever vomiting, rash, shock (asso. with tampons.) |
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| Streptococcus |
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| >30 species 5 important especially S. pyogenes, S. agalaciea, S. pneumonia chains |
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| Hemolysins |
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| Alpha- partial digestion, green brown color on blood agar Beta-complete digestion, clearing of red color on blood agar Gamma- no effect on blood agar, just grows |
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| Virulence factors for toxins |
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| antiphagocytic: M protien, eyrthrogenic toxin, DNAse, NADase, streptokinase, hyaluronidase, leukocidins |
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| Erysipeals |
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| High fever, bright red rash |
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| Impetigo |
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| crushed pustules around mouth, especially newborns |
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| Scarlet fever |
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| rash |
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| Pharyngitis |
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| red swollen tonsils, pharynx, purulent exudate on tonsils, high fever, swollen lymph nodes. Delayed reaction 1-3 days rhumatic fever heart damage glomerulonephritis- kidney damage diagnosed by swab test -rapid antigen detection test-quick not sensitive growth-throat swab overnight on blood agar |
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| Pseudomonas |
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| gram neg polar flagella aeroic blue green pigment- can secrete into media grape like sweet odor |
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| Pseudomonas awruginosa |
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| mainly oppourunist -sick, immunocompromised, burn patients very tough -resists almost all antibiotics |
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| Propionibacterum ances |
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| feeds on sebum-hence problem at puberty causes inflammation, skin scarring |
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| Warts |
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| human papilloma virus benign skin tumors spread-direct contact treatment-freeze, burn, electrical, acid associated with cervical cancers vaccine |
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| Varicella |
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| zoster part of herpes family one virus -two diseases- chicken pox, shingles |
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| Chicken pox |
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| varicella highly contagious, childhood virus remains latent in nerve cells vaccine used to control old complication with asprin use -reyes syndrom- rare now |
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| Shingles |
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| herpes zoster reactivation some trigger-trauma, immunosuppression, painful lesions rash along sensory nerve- trunk, head, eye Treatment- vaccine, acylovir-soon after outbreak, zoster immune globulin |
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| Herpes simplex type 1 |
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| cold sores fever blisters |
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| Herpes simplex type 2 |
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| genital sores clinically same as type 1 can swap sites |
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| Type 1 and 2 |
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| latent in nerve cells tirgger -trauma, UV, immunosuppression, ?treatment-acyclovir |
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| Measles |
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| respiratory route characteristic kiplik spots in throat -red spots-bluish/white specks in center extremely infectious sotry-virus can linger2hrs after infected child leaves waiting room-cold still infect can be deadly kills many in refugee camps |
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| Fungal diseases |
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| cutaneous hair, nails, outer layer Tinea capitis-head Tinea pedis- foot ringworm release keratinase-raised inflamed ring, healing center loss hair, flaky skin, crumbly nails |
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| sporotrichosis |
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| cut in skin soil fungus -roses, sphagnum moss may spread via lymph system |
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| opportunistic cutaneous |
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| candidiasis -yeast like fungus oral cavity-thrush -white coating groin-diaper rash -vaginitis |
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| scabies |
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| burrowing mites extreme itching |
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| Keratitis |
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| inflammation of cornea |
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| Conjunctiva |
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| inflammation of conjunctiva -outer coating eyeball, inner eyelid Staph, strep, neiseseria |
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| Trachoma |
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| leading cause of preventable blindness Chlamidia trachomatis -infects epithelial cells of eye -causes hard pustules inner surface eyelid -scratches eye when blink |
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| Keratitis |
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| acanthamoeba -esp in contact lens wearers --improperly prepared saline sol'n --not heated enough |
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| Infection of CNS |
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| membranes -meningitis --headache, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, convulsions,coma, death --necrosis, clogged bv, edema |
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| Spinal tap results |
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| cerebrospinal fluid Neisseria meningitis- 5-40 streptococcus pneumonia- >40 haemophilus influenzae type 2 mos-5yrs treat promptly -penicillin G, Ceftriaxone |
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| Listeriosis |
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| listeria monocytogenes -pregnant women --sepsis, bacteremia -fetus/baby, elderly, immonosuppressed --still births, neurological problems- meningitis |
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| Foodborne listeriosis |
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| Dairy products -milk, soft cheese Deli meats can grow at refrigerator temps |
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| Tetanus |
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| Clostridium tetani obligat anaerobe gram positive endospore forming soil bacteria deep puncture wounds -little bleeding, little oxygen -secretes toxins-neurotoxin --spastic paralysis --contracts not relax --cannot breathe, lock jaw |
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| Treatment for tetanus |
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| vaccination DPT passive immunity -tetanus immune glonulin active immunity -tetanus toxoid vaccine |
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| Clostridium botulism |
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| similar to tetanus exotoxin -90% foodborne --ingest toxin --smoked fish --improper canned veggies ---especially non acid-pH>4.7 very potent colorless, odorless, tasteless heat sensitive-boiling kills neurotoxin -flaccid paralysis -never contracts respiratory failure-"iron lung" |
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| Botulism in honey for infants |
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| bacteria ingested in honey can survive/grow in intestine produce toxin |
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| Polio |
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| viral disease humans only known host infecting people for long time ingestion by fecal contaminated water |
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| Vaccine for polio |
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| salk-fromalin inactivated -mainly used now sabin-live attenuated -not in use -problem-reversion --vaccinated will shed fully active virus Virus will soon be eliminated -enough people vaccinated -virus will have no where to live |
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| Rabies |
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| rhabdo virus ss RNA virus bullet shaped, enveloped Bite from infected animal-saliva -travels vis peripheral nerves to CNS -fatal encephalitis takes time incubation weeks to years, allow time for vaccination once symptoms appear, 100% mortality-headach fever, nausea, coma, death causes hydrophobia |
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| hydrophobia |
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| fear of water swallowing, thought of swallowing -trigger painful pharyngeal muscle spasms, foaming at mouth --not want to swallow |
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| Treatment for rabies |
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| clean bite hyperimmune rabies serum around bite Vaccination -series of shots over time -virus grown in human diploid fibroblast cells. harvest and inactivate |
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| Cryptococcus |
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| fungal -yeast like inhale infected pigeon droppings -lungs asymptomatic, through blood to brain --meningoencephalitis ---headache, confusion, nausea, seizures, coma aids, immunosuppressed at risk. ampotericin B |
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| Protozoal |
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| african sleeping skckness -Trypanosoma --vector TseTse fly progressive disease blood>lymph nodes>CNS -sleep continually, coma, death organism keeps changing outer glycoprotein coat |
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| Amoeba |
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| naegleria spp meningo-encephalitis -thru nasal passages to brain -assoc with swimming in poor water -opportunist -95% die w/in week |
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| Prions |
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| protien animals, humans spongiform encephalopathy |
