question

In what year did the journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences begin publication?

answer

1965

question

Psychology is marked by diversity and divisiveness. The one aspect of the discipline that provides cohesiveness and a common ground for discourse is its what?

answer

history

question

The hallmark of psychology's separation from philosophy was its reliance on what?

answer

experimentation

question

An "autobiography" of Jung was evidently written not by Jung, but by an assistant who what?

answer

altered and/or deleted some of Jung's writings to represent him in a manager suiting his family and followers

question

Freud's idea "Einfall" was translated into English into what term which means something other than what Freud implied in the original German?

answer

free association

question

The first African American presend of the APA was what?

answer

Kenneth Clark

question

The viewpoint that whatever discovery was about to happen, Freud would discover it would be an argument in favor of which theory?

answer

personalistic

question

In the 1970's, the publication of the research of John Garcia was significantly delayed because why?

answer

his findings challenged the prevailing view in stimulus-response (S-R) theory

question

In Kuhn's philosophy of science, when Einstein's theory of relativity replaced Galiean-Newtonian physics, a(n) what occurred?

answer

scientific revolution

question

The doctrine that natural processes are mechanically determined and capable of explanation by the laws of physics and chemistry is what?

answer

mechanism

question

The Zeitgeist of the 17th to 19th century Europe was marked by what?

answer

mechanism (b)

question

The theories of mechanism that invoke the movement of atoms to explain the universe were developed by who?

answer

Newton and Galileo

question

What invention was considered the perfect metaphor for the "spirit of mechanism"?

answer

clock

question

The doctrine that explains phenomena on one level (such as complex ideas) in terms of phenomena on another level (such as simple ideas) is what?

answer

reductionism

question

Seventeenth century philosophers and scientists argued that like clocks and the universe, ____ are regular, predictable, observable and measurable.

answer

human beings

question

The first successful demonstration of artificial intelligence was what?

answer

Babbage's calculating machine

question

The pursuit of knowledge through the observation of nature and the attribution of all knowledge to experience is what?

answer

empiricism

question

Empiricism attributes all knowledge to what?

answer

experience

question

Who can be said to have inaugurated the era of modern psychology?

answer

Descartes

question

Before Descartes, the accepted point of view was that the interaction between mind and body was essentially unidirectional, that

answer

the mind influenced the body

question

Both the term and concept of positivism represent the thought of who?

answer

Comte

question

The belief that all things can be described in physical terms.

answer

materialism

question

A fundamental difference between Descartes's psychology and that of Locke was their position about the existence of what?

answer

innate ideas

question

According to Locke, simple ideas become complex ideas through the process of what?

answer

reflection

question

Berkeley's basic difference with Locke was Berkeley's argument that what?

answer

there are no primary qualities

question

Hume's response to Locke's and Berkeley's arguments about objective versus subjective reality was that what?

answer

we have no real way of knowing

question

Association in time or space defines what?

answer

Hume's law of contiguity

question

Hartley argued that the human brain and nervous system transmitted impulses with what?

answer

nerve vibrations

question

This person, the most radically mechanistic of the British empiricists, claimed that the mind is a machine and that there is no freedom of the will, believing instead that the mind is totally a passive entity and all thought can be analyzed in terms of sensations.

answer

James Mill

question

David Kinnebrook was fired because why?

answer

his observations differed from the observations of his boss

question

Bessel began the study of individual differences in perception by noting what?

answer

that astronomers differed in their time estimates in measuring the transit of a star

question

Until the work of ____, experimentation was not the preferred method in physiology.

answer

J. Muller

question

____ was a pioneer in research on reflex behavior showing that reflexes could occur in the absence of brain involvement.

answer

Hall

question

____'s phrenology proposed that the topography of a person's skull revealed his of her intellectual and emotional characteristics.

answer

Gall

question

The representation of the nervous system as a complex switching system reveals the 19th-century reliance on what?

answer

mechanism (C)

question

The method of logic that characterizes psychology and that was favored in Germany of the 19th century was what?

answer

inductive

question

In the 19th century, the British and French defined science as including what?

answer

physics anc chemistry only

question

One of Helmholtz's particular contributions to psychology was his work on what?

answer

vision

question

Who developed both the two-point threshold and the concept of the just noticeable difference?

answer

Weber

question

According to Fechner, the effects of stimulus intensities are not ____ but are ____ to the amount of sensation that already exists.

answer

absolute; relative

question

The scientific study of the relations between mental and physical processes is a definition of what?

answer

psychophysics

question

In Fechner's Law as one variable increases arithmetically, the other variable increases what?

answer

geometrically

question

In modern medicine, the cause of a person's dementia typically cannot be determined until autopsy. Thus, ____ research method continues to be of significance in medicine and psychology.

answer

Broca's

question

Although he did not develop the theory called phrenology, ____ served as its popularizer.

answer

Spurzheim

question

The school of structuralism includes the work and/or systems of who?

answer

both Wundt and Titchener

question

Wundt's focus was on ____, whereas Titchener's was on ____.

answer

synthesis of elements; analysis of elements

question

Titchener spent most of his career where?

answer

Cornell University

question

One of the main reasons that Titchener's thought was believed to closely parallel that of Wundt was that Titchener did what?

answer

translated Wundt's books from German to English

question

One of Titchener's most profound influences on the development of experimentation in psychology was what publication?

answer

Experimental Psychology: A Manual of Laboratory Practice (1901-1905)

question

Titchener excluded women from the meetings of the Titchener Experimentalists because women were what?

answer

too pure to smoke

question

What percentage of Titchener's doctorates was given to women?

answer

more than 1/3

question

Titchener's definition of the appropriate subject matter of psychology is what?

answer

conscious experience

question

Titchener opposed the development of areas such as child psychology and animal psychology because why?

answer

these areas did not focus on discovering the structures of mind

question

The sum of our experiences as they exist at a particular moment is Titchener's definition of what?

answer

consciousness

question

The sum of our experiences accumulated over a lifetime is Titchener's definition of what?

answer

mind

question

Titchener's introspection method was most like ____ method.

answer

Kulpe's

question

While Wundt emphasized ____ and ____ reports during introspection, Titchener used ____ and ____ introspective reports.

answer

objective; quantitative; subjective; qualitative

question

By 1896, Titchener had identified approximately how many elements of sensation?

answer

more than 44,000

question

When Titchener died, the era of structuralism did what?

answer

died with him

question

Because some time elapsed between the experience and the reporting of it, critics charged that introspection was really a form of _________.

answer

retrospection

Test 1 – History and Systems of Psych

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