TEAS V Study Guide! – Flashcards

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Primary Source - firsthand record events, theories, opinions, or actions; either published or unpublished documents, recordings, or artifacts that are contemporary to the events, people, or information that is at issue Examples of a Primary Source - Letter, Diary, Painting, Autobiography, Historical Documents, Census, Business Records, Music, Novel, Witness, Newspaper article written at the time Primary Source Issue #1 - Sometimes the only information available about an event was written hundreds of years after the even was taken, which is NOT a primary source. Primary Source Issue #2 - Primary sources may not always be accurate, especially if the source contains someones perception of the event. Primary Source Issue #3 - Primary Sources are often ambiguous and fragmentary, making them difficult to analyze. Archaeological Primary Source - Farming Tool Art Primary Source - Painting Historical Primary Source - Declaration of Independence Journalism Primary Source - Newspaper Article Law Primary Source - Courtroom Hearing Literature Primary Source - Novel Music Primary Source - Original Score Political Science Primary Source - Polls Rhetoric Primary Source - Speeches Sociology Primary Source - Voting Records Reliable, Nonbiased Websites .gov, .edu, .org

Topic Sentences - generally at or near the beginning of a paragraph; gives the topic or point of the paragraph and often explains that topic in relation to the overall theme of writing How to Identify a Topic Sentence: 1. Read the text 2. Decide what it is trying to say 3. Find an early sentence that states that message Summary Sentence - recaps the essential point(s) of a paragraph, or of a larger work, such as an essay; gives the reader the take away message for the paragraph, or for the larger work

Fact - information based on real provable events or situations Opinion - belief based on personal judgements, rather than on indisputable facts Biases - opinions or beliefs that affect a person's ability to make fair, unclouded judgements or decisions Stereotypes - oversimplified opinions about an entire group of people of things that do not account for individual differences

Logical Conclusion - well reasoned idea that stems from the information in the text, not from the reader's personal ideas or biases How to Identify Logical Conclusion - Ask yourself: Assuming that everything i just read is try, what follows? or based on the ideas in the text, what is the author's point?

Topic - general subject matter covered by writing Main Idea - specific message of writing, it is the reason the text was written Supporting Details - details that explain the main idea Themes - are subjects that a written work frequently touches upon. Themes are ideas or concepts that the book comes back to again and again

Author's Intent - underlying reason why the author wrote the text. The universal message the author attempts to communicate in his or her work of literature

Predictions - a statement of what will happen next in a sequence of events Inferences - the next step or logical conclusion that is not actually written in the text, it is deduced by the reader based on information that IS in the text Conclusions - a final decision reached by reasoning Personal Judgement - decisions that refer to actions in which individual preferences are the main considerations "read between the lines" - to draw a logical conclusion while it is not actually written in the text

Text Structure - Way of organizing text to better present thoughts or ideas; includes sequence, problem-solution, comparison-contrast, description, and cause-effect Sequence - ordered list of thoughts or ideas. A step-by-step pattern. Bulleted or numbered lists Problem Solution - speech arrangement that explores either the causes or consequences of a problem or question, and then responds with a solution or answer Comparison Contrast - presents two different cases, usually with the intent of making the reader consider the differences (or similarities) between the two cases Cause Effect - first presents an action, and then describes the effects the result (or may result) from that action. The reason something happens and the result of it happening

Author's Position - a standpoint or attitude that the author holds towers an idea Author's Purpose - An author's reason for creating a piece of work, the purpose may be to explain/inform, entertain or persuade Purpose of a Passage - main reason or intent for writing a particular piece

Persuasive Writing - persuades the reader to a particular viewpoint Informative Writing - informs the reader about some fact or event; newspaper articles often fall into this category Entertaining Writing - entertains the reader; fiction novels serve the purpose of entertainment Expressive Writing - express's feelings; poetry is usually concerned with evoking a feeling or emotion in the reader

Narrative Writing - relates a chain of events or tells a story Expository Writing - introduces or explains a topic or provides background information necessary for later remarks, or analyzes information objectively Technical Writing - Passes along precise information, usually about a specific topic, and usually in a formal or semi-formal style Persuasive Writing - writing intended to change the reader's mind or from the reader's opinions on a particular topic. Persuades the reader to a particular viewpoint

Historical Context - time and place in which a text was written; style and content of a text are part of its historical context. Affects what is written and how its written

Cultural Beliefs - ideology Author's Cultural Belief - Effects the authors opinion and styles Themes that are treated differently in cultures... birth, death, role in society, role in government, customs, and meaning of marriage

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Following Task - Require a sentence of directions to be followed explicitly. Can be in paragraph form. Write down answer to each step Compass Rose - symbol that indicates the cardinal directions (north, south, east, and west) as they relate to the map

Context - text surrounding a word, phrase, or passage Identify the Context - helps the reader decide which definition is correct and suggest the meaning of a word

Label Reading - It is important for a reader to be able to read and understand labels Labels and Ingredients Recipes and Nutrition Labels

Read movie times, schedules, and invitation letters Read forms and bills

Index - listing of important names, ideas, and topics from the publication along with page numbers (or links to those items); traditionally appears at the end Table of Contents - listing of a publication's chapters, sections, or other organizational units; includes page numbers (web documents may have links to various sections)

Sources for Locating Information Identifying Appropriate Sources 1. Should be to the point, specific to question 2. Credible or Authoritative

Headings - titles that preface a section of text; advertise the subject of the text below, making it easier to skim or search for a particular topic; given the text structure Subheadings - headings that appear below other headings; appear in a smaller typeface than headings, so that they may be easily distinguished; single heading may have several subheadings, and these subheadings may have their own subheadings

A title is is like a common theme that runs through the paragraph: i.e it integrates the various ideas, or issues discussed.

Text Features - formatting that serves a consistent purpose in a document; add meaning to the text that they modify, change the text's meaning, or add structure and clarity to the document. Add meaning, change meaning, add clarity. For a text feature to be useful it must be applied consistently Identify what the author means to convey with italicized/bold letters

Graphic Representation - charts, graphs, maps, drawings, and photographs Main goal is to represent numerical information visually so the reader can quickly grasp a concept, or quickly compare one piece of information to another Pie Chart - represents a concept with a circle, and then breaks down the pie into slices that illustrate the pie's components Read line graphs, temperature, simple maps, and blood pressure screens Maps, Weight Scales, Graphs

Scale - any standard instrument of measurement that has marking at established intervals Scale Reading - information obtained from reading a scale

Legend - small portion of a map devoted to explaining the symbols and notations used in the main portion of a map

Product Information - take all information into account, do not leave anything out. Always add up possibilities before answering Collecting Information - when asked what the "best choice is, take all given information into account Three Stage Purchase Process 1. Decide qualities that are important 2. Get product information to compare against list of qualities 3. Sort through product information and decide which product or retailer best matches the desired qualities Steps When Making a Purchase 1. collect information for all potential fees 2. calculate the grand total with all fees 3. compare the item's price with prices from other stores

Yellow Pages - showcase all local businesses all in one place. List them in categories Consists of addresses and phone numbers Two Major Things to Look At: 1. basic listings 2. advertisements Basic Listings - provide the most comprehensive list of possible businesses with phone number and address available Advertisements - provide additional information in contrast to basic listings. Include store hours, service descriptions, or alternate phone numbers

(will ask - "what are the degrees in Celsius?")

Read movie times, schedules, and invitation letters

1. Simile - a simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things. Unlike a metaphor, a simile draws resemblance with the help of the words "like" or "as". Therefore, it is a direct comparison. *Our soldiers are as brave as lions.* 2. Metaphor - a figure of speech which makes an implicit, implied or hidden comparison between two things that are unrelated but share some common characteristics. In other words, a resemblance of two contradictory or different objects is made based on a single or some common characteristics. (In simple English, when you portray a person, place, thing, or an action as being something else, even though it is not actually that "something else," you are speaking metaphorically.) *My brother was boiling mad. (This implies he was too angry.)* 3. Extended Metaphor - the term extended metaphor refers to a comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem. It is often comprised of more than one sentence and sometimes consists of a full paragraph. *"Bobby Holloway says my imagination is a three-hundred-ring circus. Currently I was in ring two hundred and ninety-nine, with elephants dancing and clowns cart wheeling and tigers leaping through rings of fire. The time had come to step back, leave the main tent, go buy some popcorn and a Coke, bliss out, cool down." (Dean Koontz, Seize the Night. Bantam, 1999)* 4. Personification - a figure of speech in which a thing, an idea or an animal is given human attributes. The non-human objects are portrayed in such a way that we feel they have the ability to act like human beings. *The wind whispered through dry grass.* 5. Alliteration - Alliteration is derived from Latin's "Latira". It means "letters of alphabet". It is a stylistic device in which a number of words, having the same first consonant sound, occur close together in a series. *But a better butter makes a batter better.* 6. Hyperbole - Hyperbole, derived from a Greek word meaning "over-casting" is a figure of speech, which involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis. *Your suitcase weighs a ton!* 7. Imagery - Imagery means to use figurative language to represent objects, actions and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses. *It was dark and dim in the forest. (The words "dark" and "dim" are visual images.)* 8. Tone - Tone, in written composition, is an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. Tone is generally conveyed through the choice of words or the viewpoint of a writer on a particular subject. *"I want to ask the authorities what is the big deal? Why do not they control the epidemic? It is eating up lives like a monster." Or, "I want to draw the attention of the concerned authorities toward damage caused by an epidemic. If steps were not taken to curb it, it will further injure our community" (The theme of both tone examples is the same. The only way we can differentiate between them is their separate tone. The tone in the first example is casual or informal while, it is more formal in the second.)* Onomatopoeia - defined as a word, which imitates the natural sounds of a thing. It creates a sound effect that mimics the thing described, making the description more expressive and interesting. *The buzzing bee flew away.* Verbal Irony - Verbal irony occurs when a speaker speaks something contradictory to what he intends to. It is an intentional product of the speaker and is contradictory to his/her emotions and actions. To define it simply, it means when a character uses statement with underlying meanings contrasting with its literal meanings, it shows that the writer has used verbal irony. Writers rely on audience's intelligence for discerning hidden meanings they intend to convey. Writers also use ironic similes to convey exactly the opposite of what they intend to say. *"soft like concrete."* Sarcasm - Sarcasm is a literary and rhetorical device that is meant to mock with often satirical or ironic remarks with a purpose to amuse and hurt someone or some section of society simultaneously. *Self-Deprecating Sarcasm - This category of sarcasm expresses an overstated sense of inferiority and worthlessness. Brooding Sarcasm - In this criticism, the speaker utters something polite. However, the tone of his speech has a marked bitterness in it. Deadpan Sarcasm - It is expressed without emotion or laughter making it difficult for the listener to judge whether the speaker is joking or mocking. Polite Sarcasm - A speaker is said to have delivered a polite sarcasm when his listeners only get to realize that his kind remark was a sarcastic one after they had given it some thought. Obnoxious Sarcasm - This kind of sarcasm makes people feel like punching the speaker in the face. It is not very funny and it gets under your skin. Manic Sarcasm - This type of sarcasm is delivered in an unnatural happy mood that it makes the speaker look like he has gone crazy. Raging Sarcasm - This kind of sarcasm relies mainly on exaggeration and violent threats.* Situational Irony - Situational irony is a literary device that you can easily identify in literary works. Simply, it occurs when incongruity appears between expectations of something to happen, and what actually happens instead. Thus, entirely different happens from what audience may be expecting or the final outcome is opposite to what the audience is expecting. It is also known as irony of situations that generally include sharp contrasts and contradictions. The purpose of ironic situations is to allow the readers to make a distinction between appearances and realities, and eventually associate them to the theme of a story. *Harry Potter series is one of the most popular novels having employed situational irony. Until seven novels, the audience believes that Harry can kill Voldemort, the evil lord. However, the audience is thrown off guard near the end of this series when it becomes clear that Harry must allow evil lord to kill him, so that Voldemort's soul could become mortal once again. Hence, Harry allows himself to be killed in order to defeat Voldemort, which is exactly the opposite of the audience's expectations. By using situational irony, Rowling has actually done a great job of adding a twist to the story to create a complex conflict. (Harry Potter by J.K Rowling)* Dramatic Irony -Dramatic irony is an important stylistic device that is commonly found in plays, movies, theaters and sometimes in poetry. Storytellers use this irony as a useful plot device for creating situations where audience knows more about the situations, the causes of conflicts and their resolutions before leading characters or actors. That is why the readers observe that the speech of actors takes on unusual meanings. For instance, the audience knows that a character is going to be murdered or making a decision to commit suicide; however, one particular character or others may not be aware of these facts. Hence, the words and actions of characters would suggest a different meaning to the audience from what they indicate to the characters and the story. Thus, it creates intense suspense and humor. This speech device also emphasizes, embellishes and conveys emotions and moods more effectively. *"There's no art To find the mind's construction in the face: He was a gentleman on whom I built An absolute trust." (Macbeth by William Shakespeare) (This is one of the best examples of dramatic irony. In this case, Duncun says that he trusts Macbeth not knowing about the prophecy of witches that Macbeth is going to be the king and that he would kill him. Audience, on the other hand knows about the prophecy. This is how it demonstrates dramatic irony.)* Satire - a technique employed by writers to expose and criticize foolishness and corruption of an individual or a society by using humor, irony, exaggeration or ridicule. It intends to improve humanity by criticizing its follies and foibles. A writer in a satire uses fictional characters, which stand for real people, to expose and condemn their corruption. Soliloquy -a popular literary device often used in drama to reveal the innermost thoughts of a character. It is a great technique used to convey the progress of action of the play by means of expressing a character's thoughts about a certain character or past, present or upcoming event while talking to himself without acknowledging the presence of any other person. Foreshadowing -a literary device in which a writer gives an advance hint of what is to come later in the story. Allusions - a figure of speech that makes a reference to a place, person, or something that happened. This can be real or imaginary and may refer to anything, including paintings, opera, folk lore, mythical figures, or religious manuscripts. The reference can be direct or may be inferred, and can broaden the reader's understanding. *"I was surprised his nose was not growing like Pinocchio's." This refers to the story of Pinocchio, where his nose grew whenever he told a lie. (The Adventures of Pinocchio, written by Carlo Collodi.)* Infer -verb (used with object), inferred, inferring. 1.to derive by reasoning; conclude or judge from premises or evidence: *They inferred his displeasure from his cool tone of voice.* Imply -verb (used with object), implied, implying. 1.to indicate or suggest without being explicitly stated: *His words implied a lack of faith.* Deduce -verb (used with object), deduced, deducing. 1.to derive as a conclusion from something known or assumed; infer: *From the evidence the detective deduced that the gardener had done it.* Paradox -noun A statement that seems contradictory or absurd but is actually valid or true. According to one proverbial paradox, we must sometimes be cruel in order to be kind. Another form of paradox is a statement that truly is contradictory and yet follows logically from other statements that do not seem open to objection. If someone says, "I am lying," for example, and we assume that his statement is true, it must be false. The paradox is that the statement "I am lying" is false if it is true.

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https://youtu.be/-UfxONEMdU0 *Answers: (https://youtu.be/KzA84yWaGSE)

https://youtu.be/9zaj5CldQzs

Percent of a number: https://youtu.be/pOrQ2hEoRPA Finding the increase or decrease: https://youtu.be/pO3neKpc90o

Percentages: - https://youtu.be/WiLH29odR2g - https://youtu.be/z-a3FhyYyP0 - https://youtu.be/4AmL5SXifBI - https://youtu.be/hKqD28xzcRo - https://youtu.be/-kjcxVBHuZE Proportions: https://youtu.be/he8Gl03cZHg Ratios: https://youtu.be/8FnIEN0xORg Rates of Change:

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Circulatory System - made up of heart blood vessels lymphatics blood cells. internal transport, pH maintenance temperature stability. delivers nutrition and oxygen to cells and carries waste products and CO2 away from cells.

Digestive System - comprised of the mouth stomach intestines. uses enzymes to break down foot that we eat to release it into bloodstream and absorbed into cells. rids body of undigested food that don't enter bloodstream in stool

Nervous System - brain spinal cord and nerves. integrates body function through nerves detects stimuli secretes chemicals and electrical signals and controls other organ systems

Respiratory System - nose mouth trachea lungs. gas exchange and pH regulation. removes CO2 from blood and exchanges for O2

Immune System - defense system protects from foreign substances or particles when exposed. white blood cells and lymph nodes. maintains homeostasis

MORE DETAILS ON OTHER ANATOMY QUIZLET**

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Subject Verb Agreement - agreement in number between a subject and a verb. If the subject is singular, the verb is singular. If the subject is plural, the verb is plural

Pronoun Antecedent Agreement - pronouns and antecedents must agree in number and gender

Possessives - Noun - Pronouns - Adjectives - Adverbs - Verbs -

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Homophones - Irregular plurals - Contractions -

COMMON MISSPELLED WORDS LIST**

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