syve – Flashcard
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Daniel has decided to drive to work instead of taking the bus because of a recent publicized bus crash that has caused him to overestimate the incidence of such disasters. His decision is most likely being influenced by the __________.
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availability heuristic
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A representativeness heuristic involves making a prediction about an event based on how different it is from the norm.
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F
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B. F. Skinner claimed that the nativist theory accurately explains the process of language development.
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F
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Research indicates that individuals often assume that all numerical information included in a problem should contribute to the solution.
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T
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An algorithm is a guiding rule used to solve problems or make decisions.
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F
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Underextension in language occurs when a child incorrectly uses one word to describe other objects or actions that are similar to that word.
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F
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Morphemes are the smallest distinctive sound units in a language.
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F
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The symbols used in language have no direct relationship between the word and the object or idea.
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T
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What heuristic estimates the probability of something occurring based on how easily one recalls relevant occurrences of the event?
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availability
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Briefly describe the difference between the behaviorist, nativist, and interactionist language acquisition theories.
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The behaviorist theories claim that language is learned through reinforcement and imitation. Children mimic the language of individuals that surround them and receive reinforcement for the correct formation of words. Words not reinforced are eventually no longer used. The nativist theories claim that individuals have an innate process used in language learning known as the language acquisition device (LAD), which assists in helping them learn language automatically. The interactionist theories claim innate processes (genetic predispositions) and experience (learning environments) both assist in language development.
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Some researchers suggest that primates are able to do all of the following except __________.
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master rules of syntax
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Describe metalinguistic awareness.
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Metalinguistic awareness is the ability to reflect on the meaning and use of language. This allows children to understand that one sentence can have multiple meanings, such as the difference between the literal meaning of what is spoken or written and the implied meaning. This assists in increasing their ability to comprehend metaphors, irony, and sarcasm.
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A word's meaning consists of denotation and connotation.
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T
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The ability to learn new words after being exposed to it once is __________.
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fast mapping
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Adults are less affected by functional fixedness than younger children.
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F
