Study Guide for Module 12 – Flashcards
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Define the Following Terms
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exoskeleton
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a body covering, typically made of chitin, and that provides both support and protection
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Molt
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to shed an old exoskeleton so that it can be replaced with a new one
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thorax
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the body region between the head and the abdomen
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cephalothorax
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a body region comprised of a head and a thorax together
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compound eye
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an eye made of many lenses, each with a very limited scope
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simple eye
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and eye with only one lens
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open circulatory system
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a circulatory system that allows the blood to flow out of the blood vessels and into various body cavities so that the cells are in direct contact with the blood
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statocyst
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the organ of balance in a crustacean
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gonad
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a general term for the organ that produces gametes
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name the 5 common characteristics among the arthropods
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exoskeleton, body segmentation, jointed appendages, open circulatory system, and a ventral nervous system
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turn to page 391 in your biology book Identify the structures A - C in diagram 3
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a.antennae b.carapace c.swimmerets
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turn to page 391 in your biology book identify the organs A - G in diagram 4
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a.stomach b. heart c. pericardial sinus d.anus e. ventral nerve cord f. digestive gland g. green gland
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explain the flow of blood in a crayfish, starting from the pericardial sinus
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blood collects in the pericardial sinus, and it enters the heart through one of 3 openings in the heart's surf's. Each opening has a valve that closes when the heart is ready to pump. Once it absorbs the blood and closes these valves, the heart pumps blood through a series of blood vessels that are open at the end. These vessels dump directly into various body cavities. Gravity causes the blood to fall into the sternal sinus, where it is collected by blood vessels that are open at one end. unlike the blood vessels that dump the blood into the body cavities, these vessels carry the blood back towards the pericardial sinus. On its way there, the blood is passed through the gills where it can release the carbon dioxide it has collected and pick up a fresh supply of oxygen. The blood also passes through green glands, which clean it of impurities and dump those impurities back into the surroundings. Once the blood has passed through the gills and the green glands, it then makes its way back to the pericardial sinus to begin the trip all over again.
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What purpose does the green gland serve?
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It cleans the blood of impurities
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what structures (besides the gills and gill chamber) are vitally important for respiration in a crayfish?
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The maxillae are vitally important. Without them, fresh, oxygen-rich water would not enter the gill chambers.
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What happens when a crayfish loses a limb?
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The injury gets sealed off to prevent bleeding, and then a new limb regenerates.
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Where do the fertilized eggs of a crayfish go?
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They are attached to the swimmerets
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why do arthropods molt?
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they molt because their exoskeletons get too small for their growing bodies
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what 2 appendages are responsible for taste and touch the crayfish?
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The antennules and antennae are responsible for taste and touch
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what 5 characteristics set arachnids apart from the other arthropods?
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4 pairs of walking legs, 2 segments in body, no antennae, book lungs, 4 pairs of simple eyes
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what are the 5 basic types of webs that spiders spin?
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1.spiral orb webs 2.tangle webs 3.funnel webs 4.tubular webs 5.sheet webs
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do all spiders use their silk to spin webs
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no, some spiders that spin silk make trapdoors with their silk or even fire the silk like a projectile
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why are the spiders lungs called book lungs?
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The lung has many thin layers that look like the pages of a book
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what 4 characteristics set insects apart from the other arthropods?
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1.3 pairs of walking (or jumping) legs 2.wings 3.3 segments in body 4.antennae
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why don't insects have respiratory systems?
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Because they have a complex network of tracheae that allow air to travel throughout the body
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if an insect goes through a pupa stage, does it perform complete metamorphosis or incomplete metamorphosis?
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The pupa stage only exists in complete metamorphosis
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what 4 types of wings exist among insects?
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1.membranous wings 2.scaled wings 3.leather like wings 4.horny wings
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for each letter below, indicate the order of insects being described: A.insects with 2 letter like wings and to membranous wings B.social insects with membranous wings C.insects with 2 membranous wings and to membranous balancers D.insects with 2 horny wings and to membranous wings E.insects with scaled wings
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A. Orthoptera B.Hymenoptera C.Diptera D.Coleoptera E.Lepidoptera
