Study Guide Test Questions – Flashcards
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Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth
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An article that describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of the self-made rich
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Thermal Energy
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The sum of the kinetic and the potential energy of the particles that make up material
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Temperature
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Represents the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a material.
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Heat
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is the movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object.
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Radiation
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the transfer of thermal energy from one material to another by electromagnetic waves. All matter including the Sun transfers thermal energy by radiation.
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Conduction
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The transfer of thermal energy between materials by the collisions of particles. Conduction continues until the thermal energy of all particles in contact is equal.
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Convection
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is the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles from one part of a material to another. Only occurs in fluids.
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Convection Current
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movement of fluids in a cycle because of convection. Convection currents circulate the water in Earth's oceans and other bodies of water. This plays an important role in Earth's climates.
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Heating appliance
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a device that converts electric energy into thermal energy.
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Thermostat
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a device that regulates the temperature of a system.
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Refrigerator
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device that uses electric energy to transfer thermal energy from a cooler location to a warmer location.
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Heat Engine
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a machine that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy.
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Solids
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matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume. Particles in a solid are close together (they vibrate back and forth).
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Liquids
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matter with a definite volume but no definite shape. Liquids can flow and take the shape of their containers. Particles move faster than a solid and in turn move slightly father apart.
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Viscosity
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a measurement of a liquids resistance to flow.
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Surface Tension
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the uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid.
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Gases
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matter that has no definite volume and no definite shape. Particles move even farther apart than solids or liquids. Particles spread out to fill a container.
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Vapor
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the gas state of a substance that is normally a solid or a liquid at room temperature.
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Melting
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change of matter from a solid to a liquid. Thermal energy must be added.
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Freezing
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change from a liquid state to a solid state.
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Vaporization
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change from a liquid to a gas.
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Boiling
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vaporization that occurs within a liquid.
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Evaporation
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vaporization that occurs only at the surface of a liquid.
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Condensation
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change of state from a gas to a liquid.
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Sublimation
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change of state from a solid to a gas without going through the liquid state.
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Deposition
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change of state of a gas to a solid without going through the liquid state.
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Molecular Theory
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is an explanation of how particles in matter behave.
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Pressure
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is the amount of force applied per unit of area. When particles collide with their container, pressure results.
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Boyle's Law
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states that pressure of a gas increases if the volume decreases and pressure of a gas decreases if the volume increases, when temperature is constant.
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Charles Law
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states that the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature, if the pressure is constant
