question

Approximately what percentage of school-aged students have an identified disability?

answer

8.8%

question

What category of disability makes up approximately 40% of all students receiving special education services?

answer

Specific learning disabilities

question

What is "people-first" language? Give an example.

answer

Puts the person before the disability. EX: Students with physical disabilities

question

The law that defines special education services for students in schools is called:

answer

IDEA

question

IDEA mandates that special education services are provided for children between these ages:

answer

Birth to 21 years old

question

The IEP is the plan developed for each individual student with disabilities identified as being "eligible" for special education. What does IEP stand for?

answer

Individualized education program

question

One of the most important provisions of IDEA is that of Least Restrictive Environment (LRE). LRE attempts to ensure that students with disabilities receive as much of their education as possible in _____ ________.

answer

Natural environment

question

When districts and parents disagree with each other regarding the placement or services a student with disabilities needs, IDEA guarantees ____ __ _______, or the right to having a "resolution" session, mediation, or court action.

answer

Procedural due process

question

Section 504 indicates that groups receiving federal money may not _____ against individuals with disabilities.

answer

Discriminate

question

What is the general definition of "culture"?

answer

Customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group

question

What is "disproportionate representation"?

answer

Having different races in special education for disabilities

question

Minority students are underrepresented in this type of program;

answer

Special Education

question

What is the definition of "pedagogy"?

answer

The method or practice of teaching especially as an academic subjector or theoretical concept

question

How many children are effected by homelessness in the United States?

answer

1.5 million children

question

What strategies can you use to increase your cultural competence?

answer

Use the adapted posture of cultural reciprocity, incorporate five components for delivering culturally responsive instruction, capitalize upon instructional consultation teams, and implement response to intervention

question

What is the most important factor in a partnership?

answer

Trust

question

School-family partnerships have the following benefits:

answer

Less behind grade level in reading, tend to receive better grades, higher rates of involvement, and more individual friendships

question

Peers are an important part of school life. Describe the "circle of friends" program.

answer

Refers to the individuals who surround a person with a disability with support that is consistent with the person's chores and that advances the person's self-determination, full citizenship, relationships, positive contributions, strengths & choices.

question

What is the implication of the case Schaffer vs. West on parent's ability to pursue litigation?

answer

It can be extremely difficult for parents that are culturally diverse, have low incomes, and low education backgrounds to prove why a school district may not be providing an appropriate education

question

Overall, are parents of children with disabilities satisfied with their children's education?

answer

Yes

question

What are academic content standards and who determines them?

answer

The knowledge, skills, and understanding that students should attain in academic subjects. The state determines them

question

Students with significant disabilities who are unable to take the standard state-level assessments may take ________ ________

answer

Alternate assessment

question

Universal design for buildings is an approach by which architects design buildings to "work" for individuals with all types of abilities and challenges. This approach has also been applied to education, where universal design for learning modified instruction through ______ and ______.

answer

Technology; instruction

question

The majority of all students with disabilities are educated in ______ _______.

answer

Regular class

question

Four of the key characteristics of inclusion are:

answer

home school placement, principle of natural proportions, restructuring teaching and learning, and age- and grade-appropriate placement

question

A study Cole, Waldron, and Majd (2004) found that including students with disabilities in general education classrooms had this impact on the general education students:

answer

Made significant greater academic progress in math and reading

question

The definition of "learning disability" is a controversial one. The IDEA definition has both inclusionary and exclusionary criterion. In other words, a student may be deemed eligible if they have a disorder that manifests itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or calculate. Exclusionary criteria includes academic difficulties resulting from having other sensory disability (including visual, hearing, or motor disabilities or having mental retardation) or being the result of ______, ______, or ______ _______.

answer

Environment, cultural, or economic disadvantage

question

Students with learning disabilities in the area of _______ are especially challenged in schools, as this skill it critical to an individual's performance In most academic areas.

answer

Reading

question

Dysgraphia is a term that characterizes individuals who have difficulty with ______.

answer

Writing

question

What are the four emotional and social characteristics of students with learning disabilities?

answer

High quality friendships, higher levels of anxiety, higher incidence of behavioral and emotional problems, and majority do not experience mental health problems

question

Although one clear cause of learning disabilities has not been identified, research suggests that there are three probable causes including;

answer

Neurological mechanisms, genetics, and environmental causes

question

Teachers can help meet the unique learning needs of students with learning disabilities by presenting their classes with _______ ____ or instructional experiences that utilize a variety of materials and formats.

answer

Differientiated con

question

The population most likely to be characterized as a student with an emotional/behavioral disorder is ____.

answer

Males

question

One of the most common emotional disorder of childhood is _________ ________.

answer

Anxiety disorder

question

Depression is an example of a _____ _______.

answer

Mood disorder

question

Emotional disturbances can be considered either internalizing or externalizing. Of these two, students with _____ disturbances are more likely to be referred for services because they ______ _____ ______.

answer

Externalizing; threaten other students

question

Intellectually, most students with emotional disturbance function in the ___-______ range.

answer

Low average

question

A number of environmental and family factors appear to influence the rates of emotional disturbance. Highly correlated with ED is ;

answer

single parent households, head of family is unemployed, additional member with a disability, and poverty

question

"Wraparound" services can best be described as:

answer

family-driven, collaborative, individualized, culturally competent, and community- and strength-based

question

Service learning is an opportunity to have students practice skills by participating in ______ ________.

answer

Community service

question

Federal law does/does not guarantee that gifted students receive special programming.

answer

Does not

question

In the definitions of most areas of "exceptionality" a student is only considered eligible if the disability negatively impacts their ability to learn. The federal definition of giftedness, however, specifies that the student has high performance capabilities in one or more of several areas and who____________________.

answer

By reason thereof, require services or activities not ordinarily provided by the school

question

How "giftedness" is defined clearly impacts the number of students who meet the criteria. Most states use ___ ____ as the indicator of giftedness.

answer

IQ test

question

The group of students most likely to be underrepresented in gifted programs is :

answer

African American males

question

It is/Is not possible for students who are considered gifted to also have an identified disability.

answer

It is

question

The DISCOVER test requires that students solve problems are part of their assessment for giftedness. The test is built on Maker's theory of giftedness as, __________________________.

answer

the ability to solve the most complex problems, in the most efficient, effective, or economical ways.

question

The two major describing characteristics of intellectual disabilities include limitations in these areas:

answer

intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, adaptive, and practical skills

question

What factors are associated with the prevalence of intellectual disabilities?

answer

Age, gender, and socioeconomic status

question

What IQ score is used as an indicator of intellectual disabilities in most states?

answer

70 or below

question

What are the four categorical causes of intellectual disabilities?

answer

Biomedical, social, behavioral, and educational

question

Down syndrome is an example of a disability associated with a __________ causation.

answer

Biomedical

question

What are some problems with assigning paraprofessional (1:1 aide) to a student with intellectual disabilities?

answer

May isolate students with disabilities, they may do the work for the student

question

The primary common element that links students with multiple and severe disabilities is the ________________, as well as the existence of two or more disabilities occurring simultaneously.

answer

intensity of supports they require

question

What is the prevalence of students with multiple disabilities?

answer

2.1% of students

question

All students with multiple disabilities have severe cognitive impairments. True or False

answer

False

question

What are adaptive skills?

answer

Conceptual, social, and practical competencies for functioning in typical community settings in an age-consistent way

question

Describe peer tutoring;

answer

Pairing students one on one or in small groups so that students who already developed certain skills can help teach other students

question

What is AAC?

answer

Enhance students communication abilities

question

Describe "partial participation"

answer

The acknowledgement that students with severe or multiple disabilities will be able to participate, if only partially in many "typical" environments with support

question

Many parents of children with multiple disabilities want their children included in general education because of these reasons:

answer

Their children make greater academic and functional skill gains

question

AD/HD is not a specific category under IDEA- but these students may be determined eligible if they meet criteria for _____.

answer

Other health impairments

question

According to the American Psychiatric Association, the "essential feature of AD/HD is:

answer

A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is more frequently displayed and severe than is typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development

question

AD/HD is more prevalent in _____ than _____.

answer

Males; females

question

There are several subtypes of AD/HD. Perhaps the most atypical is the predominantly inattentive type. These students generally have difficulty:

answer

paying close attention, keeping attention, listening, following directions, organizing, avoids tasks involving mental effort, often lose important things, often distracted, and often forgetful

question

Typical school behaviors of students with impulsivity include:

answer

blurting out answers before question is complete, difficulty waiting to take turns, and often interrupts or intrudes on others

question

The most frequent type of AD/HD is:

answer

combined type

question

Biological (environmental) explanations for AD/HD include:

answer

prenatal factors and complications at birth

question

Children can be identified with ADHD as early as age two, but most are identified when?

answer

4-5 years old

question

IDEA uses the term "orthopedic impairments" to describe students with ______ _________.

answer

Physical disabilities

question

Cerebral Palsy is a disorder of ______ or _______.

answer

Movement; posture

question

The most common causes of cerebral palsy include:

answer

prematurity and prenatal development

question

Spina bifida causes mild to severe physical disabilities due to a __________________________-.

answer

Malformation of spinal cord prior to birth

question

Most individuals with spina bifida have _________ intelligence.

answer

average

question

Other health impairments is defined as any condition that limits ______,________, or _________ and adversely affects a child's educational performance.

answer

Strength; vitality; alertness

question

Students with ADHD may qualify for special education services under OHI due to difficulty with _______.

answer

Alertness

question

What is the difference between a chronic and an acute illness?

answer

Chronic develops slowly and has long lasting symptoms. Acute is short lasting and you can recover from it

question

A token economy system is recommended as a strategy for motivating individuals with disabilities. Briefly describe how a token economy system works:

answer

providing students with tokens, such as points, poker chips, or tickets after they engage in desired behaviors to increase the likelihood that the behavior will occur in the future

question

Promoting self-awareness is critical for any teenager, and the book recommends ensuring that the student is _________ in identifying their interests, abilities, strengths, and unique earning needs.

answer

Actively involved

question

Although many students with physical disabilities and OHI are included in general education settings, they are also more likely to receive services in ____ or ______ settings.

answer

Home; hospital

question

When in the hospital or at home for long periods of time, school districts do/do not have responsibility for educating the student

answer

Do

question

Autism falls into a broad category of disorders that are called:

answer

Pervasive developmental disorders

question

Autism rate are _________ and autism occurs mainly in ________.

answer

Increasing; male

question

This disorder is similar to autism, but without the intellectual or language delays

answer

Asperger syndrome

question

The major characteristic of autism include:

answer

atypical language development, atypical social development, repetitive behavior, problem behavior, sensory, and movement disorders, and differences in intellectual functioning

question

About ___% of children with autism have normal intelligence.

answer

25

question

Some individuals with autism have an extraordinary ability in one area, typically called ________ ________.

answer

savant syndrome

question

When first identified in the 1941's the cause of autism was attributed to:

answer

refrigerator mothers

question

Childhood immunizations have been proven to cause some cases of autism. True and False.

answer

False

question

Friendships are important to everyone, including children with autism. The first step in promoting friendships in schools is:

answer

including students with autism in general education classrooms and in extracurricular and nonacademic activities

question

Most students with autism spend the majority of their day fully included in general education classes. True or false.

answer

False

question

What is the IDEA definition of TBI?

answer

An acquired injury to the brain caused by an external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment, or both, that adversely affects a child's educational performance

question

Would being born with a damaged frontal lobe as a result of a genetic birth defect be considered TBI?

answer

No, needs to be caused by external physical force

question

The prevalence of students in schools who have an identified TBI is:

answer

0.4%

question

What are the major characteristics of individuals with TBI?

answer

Learning disabilities, communication disorder, emotional, and behavioral disorders, intellectual disability, health impairments, and physical disabilities

question

Occupational therapy focuses on improving what skills?

answer

Fine-motor skills

question

Most individuals with TBI have some type of cognitive or academic change after their injury. Unfortunately, students with severe TBI make little or no progress even with intensive therapy. True and False.

answer

False

question

In addition to the severity of the injury, the ____ of the individual is a significant factor in cognitive functioning.

answer

age

question

The primary cause of TBI is ____.

answer

Falls

question

What percentage of the students with TBI spend 80% or more of their educational time in general education classes?

answer

45%

question

What is executive functioning?

answer

High level brain or intellectual functions that govern complex activities such as making plans and decisions, solving problems, and setting goals

question

A speech disorder refers to:

answer

Difficulty producing sounds as well as disorders of voice quality or fluency of speech, often referred to as stuttering

question

A language disorder refers to:

answer

Difficulty receiving, understanding, or formulating ideas and information

question

A dialect can be defined as _______ and is/is not considered a speech disability.

answer

variation; is not

question

A student may require speech therapy to remediate an articulation problem if they have not mastered production of most English sounds by age ____.

answer

8

question

The two major causes of speech and language disorders are ____ and ______ disorders.

answer

Organic; functional

question

Given that communication is used in all settings, it is critical to _________ when planning and providing services for students with communication disorders, making sure to include even auxiliary staff, such as cafeteria and playground staff.

answer

collaborate

question

When selecting vocab for a student's first AAC system, ____ _____ should be emphasized.

answer

Site words

question

To be considered deaf, a student will have ___________________________.

answer

Hearing loss of 70 to 90 decibles or greater

question

The prevalence of students with hearing loss is small- only __% of all preschool children are identified as having a hearing impairment.

answer

1.2

question

For students who are deaf, the major cause of academic failure appears to be closely linked to _______________.

answer

Difficulty in speaking, reading, and writing

question

The three ways that individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing typically communicate are:

answer

Oral/aural communication, manual communication, and total or simultaneous communication

question

The most common cause of hearing loss in children is _______, although the loss is usually temporary.

answer

Ear infection (acute otitis media)

question

There are a number of assistive technologies available to assist students with hearing loss in general education classrooms. List the ones described in the book and their functions.

answer

Sound-field amplification, loop system, and closed caption technology

question

Individuals are considered to have a visual impairment if either of these aspects of vision are significantly impaired:

answer

acuity and field vision

question

The three classifications of visual impairments include:

answer

low vision, functionally blind, and totally blind

question

How would you define "incidental learning"?

answer

When an individual learns about a process or concept primarily through observation and without others knowingly providing instruction

question

What type of instruction should be planned for individuals with low vision or blindness?

answer

Reading instruction

question

For students with visual impairments or blindness, the educational team must consider academic needs as well as those in the expanded core curriculum, which include:

answer

Compensatory and communication skills, social interaction skills, orientation and mobility skills, independent living skills, self-determination skills, use of assistive technology, sensory efficiency skills, and career/vocational skills

question

What percentage of students who are blind or visual impaired spend the majority of their day (80% or better) in general education classrooms?

answer

62%

question

For students who are blind or visually impaired, the ultimate goal of special education is:

answer

Inclusion

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