question

the study of human behavior in society

answer

Sociology

question

developed the concept of "critical distance," which refers to being able to detach from the situation at hand to view things critically

answer

George Simmel

question

understanding behavior to which people give meaning.

answer

verstehen

question

wrote in 1901 "the problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line. was deeply troubled by the racial divisiveness in society.

answer

W.E.B. Du Bois

question

embedded in society

answer

Sociologists believe that persistent problems in the U.S. are

question

empirical

answer

Sociology is a/n _____ discipline, meaning the conclusions are based on systematic observations.

question

norms

answer

The specific cultural expectations for how to behave in a given situation are called

question

the ordinary customs of different group cultures.

answer

Folkways

question

The strictest norms in any society are called _____.

answer

taboos

question

Shared ideas that help bind people in society together are called

answer

beliefs

question

the culture of the most powerful group.

answer

dominant culture

question

countercultures reject and defy the dominant culture and subcultures do not.

answer

The difference between subcultures and countercultures is that

question

theorists are most likely to emphasize that cultural norms and beliefs integrate people into groups and create social bonds.

answer

Functionalist

question

conflict theory sees society as organized around the unequal distribution of resources and held together through power and coercion.

answer

Which type of theorist is most likely to emphasize that culture serves the interest of powerful group in society?

question

participant observation

answer

A researcher who lives among the homeless in an effort to understand their norms is an example of:

question

inductive reasoning

answer

Reasoning that begins with specific observations about which one draws conclusions is called _____.

question

A replication study can indicate what changes have occurred since the original study was conducted

answer

How is doing a replication study useful?

question

dependent variable

answer

In a study of the impact of parental prejudice on the attitudes of their child, the attitudes of the child are the _____.

question

abstract ideas that are potentially measureable

answer

Concepts

question

subjects of research altering their behavior if they know they are being studied

answer

Hawthorne effect

question

what type of sociological question is being investigated

answer

When choosing a research method, the most important thing for sociologists to consider is

question

the experimental group; the control group

answer

In a controlled experiment, the group that is exposed to the variable being studied is called _____, the group not being exposed is called _____.

question

participant observation

answer

William Foote Whyte's "Street Corner Society" is an example of which kind of research?

question

secondary sources

answer

When used as data for sociological analysis, national opinion polls, and census data are all considered _____.

question

research design

answer

The ______ is the overall logic of the research project, included what observational method will be used.

question

are the expected behaviors associated with a given status in society.

answer

Roles

question

The socialization experience differs for individuals based on their social location.

answer

Which of the following is true regarding socialization?

question

nature-nurture

answer

Social scientists and others debate whether humanness is naturally occurring or socially created. This is called the ______ debate.

question

constructed

answer

Sociologists note that the way society is organized and people's lives within it are the result of social definitions and processes. In other words, sociologists state that our lives are socially

question

social control

answer

Within sociology, the process by which groups and individuals within those groups are brought into conformity with dominant social expectations is called

question

Psychoanalytic theory focuses on the internal process of the unconscious mind; social learning theory stresses response to external stimuli.

answer

How do psychoanalytic theory and social learning theory differ from each other?

question

is interested in how social inequality affects the development of an individual's identity.

answer

Conflict Theory

question

reflection and interpretation

answer

From a symbolic interactionist perspective, the key to the development of self is _____.

question

an aggregate of people born during the same time period

answer

An age cohort refers to

question

how laws governing family leave have affected families in the U.S.

answer

Which of these would interest a sociologist who prefers macroanalysis of social interaction?

question

Social organization

answer

Sociologists use the term ______ to describe the order established in social groups at any level.

question

assure the stability and continuance of society.

answer

Functionalist theorists contend that social institutions

question

social structures

answer

Society is a network of

question

individuals share the same values, hold the same things sacred, and frequently play the same roles.

answer

In a society where mechanical solidarity exists

question

A small community's tomato festival

answer

Which of the following reflects a gemeinschaft society

question

the complexity of their social structure and level of technology

answer

Sociologists distinguish six different types of societies based on

question

the production of information services

answer

Postindustrial societies are characterized by

question

conflict

answer

When the roles in one's role set clash with one another, the result is role _____.

question

strain

answer

A condition wherein a single role brings conflicting expectations is called role _____.

question

dramaturgy

answer

Erving Goffman's analysis of interaction views the participants as actors on a stage. This perspective is called the _____ model of social interaction.

question

a rational balancing act involving perceived costs and benefits of a given behavior.

answer

Social exchange theory analyzes social interaction as:

question

false

answer

Sociologists who study patterns of social interaction use macroanalysis.

question

true

answer

Social institutions cannot be observed directly, but their impact and structure may be seen.

question

Having a definition enables sociologists to understand the behavior of people in society and how to predict people's behavior in groups.

answer

Why is it important for sociologists to have a shared definition of groups?

question

in groups; out groups

answer

_____ promote a sense of "us;" ____ promote a sense of "them."

question

instrumental needs

answer

When a student joins an organization it will provide which of the following?

question

Without being told to do so, students playing the role of guards behaved sadistically toward the students in the role of prisoners.

answer

What was the outcome of the classic prison simulation done by Zimbardo and his associates?

question

a combination of risky shift and organizational ritualism.

answer

Despite being warned of danger, NASA scientists proceeded with the launch of the space shuttle Challenger that exploded during launch. Sociological analysis of this situation finds it was caused by

question

psychological separation of a person from an organization

answer

Alienation refers to the

question

felt that despite the individualism of Americans, they had little independence of mind.

answer

Alexis de toqueville

question

the founding father of sociology. He believed that society could be studied scientifically. This approach is known as positivism.

answer

Agustus Comte

question

wrote about how to observe behavior as a participant.

answer

Harriet Martineu

question

focused on the forces that hold society together in moral cohesion.

answer

Emile Durkheim

question

saw social class as a fundamental dimension of society that shapes social behavior.

answer

Karl Marx

question

was concerned with ideas and how they shaped society.

answer

Max Weber

question

developed housing projects for immigrants, slum dwellers, and other dispossessed groups.

answer

Jane Addams

question

crusaded against lynching and for women's rights.

answer

Ida B wells

question

emphasizes the stability and integration in to explain society through cultural, political, and economic factors.

answer

Functionalism

question

emphasizes the role of individuals in giving meaning to social behavior, thereby creating society.

answer

Symbolic Interaction theory

question

is the analysis of women and men in society and is intended to improve women's lives.

answer

Feminist Theory

question

Elements of mass media have enormous influence on groups' beliefs and values.

answer

What is the sociological significance of the mass media in culture?

question

Change in societal conditions, cultural diffusion, innovation, and the imposition of change by dominant groups cause cultures

answer

How do cultures change?

question

Sociological research is derived from the scientific method. The research process involves several steps.

answer

is sociological research scientific?

question

Sociological research strives for objectivity while recognizing that the values of the researcher may have some influence on the work.

answer

can sociology be value free?

question

the formation of identity is learned response to external social stimuli.

answer

social learning theory

question

They include the family, the media, peers, sports, religious institutions, and schools.

answer

agents of socialization

question

family education work and the economy political institution (or state) religion health care mass media organized sports military

answer

social institutions

question

members play similar roles within the society, share the same values, and hold the same things sacred.

answer

mechanical solidarity

question

people have many different roles and roles are highly differentiated.

answer

organic solidarity

question

communities have "we" feeling, strong family relationships, and simple social institutions.

answer

Gemeinschaft

question

societies with fewer personal ties. These societies have an elaborated division of labor.

answer

Gesellschaft

question

are all the roles occupied by the person at a given time.

answer

Role sets

question

When two or more roles impose conflicting expectations.

answer

Role Conflict

question

is conflicting expectations within a single role.

answer

Role Strain

question

Division of labor and specialization Hierarchy of authority Rules and regulations Impersonal relationships Career ladder (technical expertise) Efficiency

answer

beauarcracies

question

when normal social regulations break down, or when normal everyday life is disrupted and people live in a state of formlessness. Anomic suicide is suicide committed by people when the disintegrating forces in the society make individuals feel lost or alone.

answer

anomie

question

is when there is excessive regulation of individuals by social forces.

answer

Altruistic suicide

question

occurs when people feel totally detached from society.

answer

Egoistic

question

neither the goal nor the means are available to select.

answer

Retreatism

question

the goal is unrealistic and the means are available

answer

Ritualism

question

new goals and new means substitute traditional ones.

answer

Rebellion

Sociology MIdterm Martinez – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards