Sociology H: Test 1 – Flashcards
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The social science that studies human society and social behavior.
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Sociology
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The disciplines that study human social behavior or institutions and functions of human society in a scientific manner.
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Social Sciences
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How people relate to one another and influence each other's behavior.
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Social interaction
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Observable facts or events that involve human society.
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Social Phenomena
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Look beyond commonly held beliefs to the hidden meanings behind human actions.
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Sociological Perspective
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What sociologist C. Wright Mills called the ability to see the connection between the larger world and your personal life.
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Sociological Imagination
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The comparative study of past and present cultures.
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Anthropology
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The social science that deals with the behavior and thinking of organisms.
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Psychology
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The study of how the social environment affects an individual's behavior and personality.
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Social Psychology
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The study of the choices people make in an effort to satisfy their needs and wants.
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Economics
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The examination of the organization and operation of governments.
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Political Science
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The study of past events.
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History
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Herbert Spencer's view of society. "Survival of the fittest" is often credited to Charles Darwin but this phrase was coined by Spencer because of the similarities between his views of society and Darwin's ideas.
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Social Darwinism
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The consequence that an element of society produces for the maintenance of its social system.
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Function
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An attempt to understand the meanings individuals have to their actions. With Verstehen, one puts themselves in the place of others and tries to see the situations through their eyes. (Weber)
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Verstehen
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A description comprised of the essential characteristics of a feature of society. (Weber)
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Ideal Type
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An explanation of the relationships among particular phenomena.
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Theory
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A general set of assumptions about the nature of things
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Theoretical Perspectives
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People who view society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system. (Comte, Spencer and Durkheim)
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Functionalist Perspective
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The negative consequence an element ahs for the stability of the social system.
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Dysfunctional
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The intended and recognized consequence of some element of society.
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Manifest Function
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The unintended and unrecognized consequence of some element of society.
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Latent Function
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The focus on forces in society that promote competition and change.
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Conflict Perspective
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Focuses on how individuals interact with one another in society.
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Interactionist Perspective
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Anything that represents something else.
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Symbol
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The focus on how people use symbols when interacting.
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Symbolic interaction
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1798 - 1857. The founder of sociology. Applied physical sciences to the study of social life. Coined the term sociology. Studied social order and social change because of consequences of French revolution. He suggested certain processes - which he called social statics - held society together. He also claimed society changes were made through definite processes - social dynamics.
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Auguste Comte
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1820-1903. Strongly influenced by Charles Darwin. He said society is a set of interdepedent parts that work together to maintain the system over time. His views of society became known as social Darwinism.
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Herbert Spencer
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1818-83. He believed structure of society was based on how its economy is organized. He thought society is divided into 2 classes: the bourgeoisie, or capitalists and the proletariat, or workers. The b's own the means of production and the p's own nothing. They provide the labor.
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Karl Marx
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(1858-1917). He developed France's first university sociology course. Also one of first to apply science to the study of society. Wrote 'Suicide' an 1897 study examining suicide rates in several European countries.
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Emile Durkheim
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(1864-1920). Interested in separate groups than as a whole. Principle of Vertschten..
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Max Weber
