Sociology Final- Chapter 5 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
What do sociologists call two or more people who identify and interact with one another?
answer
a social group
question
What is the correct sociological term for all people with a common status, such as "college students"?
answer
a category
question
A temporary, loosely formed collection of people who may or may not interact is a
answer
crowd.
question
Imagine you are watching several dozen passengers sitting in an airport gate area waiting to board a plane. These people are an example of a
answer
crowd.
question
Charles Cooley referred to a small social group whose members share personal and enduring relationships as
answer
a primary group.
question
A secondary group is a social group that
answer
is impersonal and engages in some specific activity.
question
What is the term for group leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks?
answer
instrumental leadership
question
_________ _______refers to group leadership that emphasizes collective well-being.
answer
Expressive leadership
question
You are part of a task force with a group leader who has a distant relationship with the group members and who is concerned with getting the job done. Which type of leader does your task force have?
answer
an instrumental leader
question
Which type of leader encourages everyone in a group to have a say in what happens?
answer
democratic leader
question
Samuel Stouffer's study of soldier morale during World War II led to what conclusion?
answer
Whatever their situation in absolute terms, people evaluate themselves and make comparisons to others in specific reference groups.
question
A social group with only two members is called a
answer
dyad.
question
Simmel interpreted the dyad as
answer
less stable than groups with many members.
question
A prisoner would consider a maximum-security prison
answer
a coercive organization.
question
Which type of formal organization do people join in order to obtain money and other material benefits?
answer
utilitarian organization
question
The concept "bureaucracy" refers to
answer
an organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently.
question
One of the traits Max Weber noted about bureaucracy was that it
answer
provides workers with highly specialized jobs.
question
In principle, bureaucratic organizations pay little attention to
answer
tradition.
question
Max Weber argued that formal organizations were efficient, but he cautioned that they can have harmful effects on people. As he saw it, what is the danger?
answer
Organizations create alienation.
question
What is Robert Merton's term for a preoccupation with rules and regulations to the point of keeping an organization from accomplishing its goals?
answer
bureaucratic ritualism
question
Robert Michels to referred to the rule of the many by the few as
answer
an oligarchy.
question
The scientific management approach was developed by
answer
Frederick Taylor.
question
In brief, what does Rosabeth Moss Kanter's research show?
answer
Organizations must "open up" their structure in order to bring out the best in their employees.
question
The concept "McDonaldization" of society refers to
answer
McDonald's organizational principles moving to dominate all of society.
question
A "triad" is
answer
a social group with three members.
