Sociology chapters 1&2 – Flashcards
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The ________ perspective emphasizes the social context in which people live
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Sociological
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A group of people who share a culture and a territory are called _________
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A society
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The corners in life that people occupy because of their place in society is called ________
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Social location
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Auguste Comte is the founder of ________
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Sociology
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Using _________ Comte applied scientific method to the social world
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Positivism
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The phrase "survival of the fittest" was coined by _________ __________
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Herbert spencer
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Karl Marx believes the engine of human history is ________
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Class conflict
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The ________ according to Marx were the exploited underpaid workers who didn't own the means of production
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Proletarians
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Durham's concept of __________ refers to the degree people are tied to their social groups
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Social integration
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The ___________ __ _________ examined by sociologist are recurring events or characteristics
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Patterns of behavior
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According to max Webber, the central force in social change is _________
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Religion
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Why do women not figure more prominently among early sociologist?
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They recognize women as social reformers not sociologists
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Jane Adams did what?
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Won the noble peace prize
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Talcott Pearsans was influential in _______
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Reforming the theory
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With basic sociologist, the goal in analyzing some aspect is ________
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Gaining knowledge
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_________________ harnesses the sociological perspective for the benefit of the public
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Public sociology
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In ______ ________ Symbols are the key to looking at the world and understanding it
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Symbolic interactionism
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One of the sociologist that developed symbolic interactionism is ________________
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George Herbert mead
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In the eyes of _______ ________ society is a whole unit made up of interrelated parts that work together
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Functional analysis
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Robert Morton used the term __________ for the harmful consequences of people's actions
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Dysfunction
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Founder of conflict theory
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Karl Marx
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In the research model, string what you want to learn about is the stage of ________________
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Defining the problem
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A __________ predicts a relationship between or among variables
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Hypothesis
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She spent months researching and collecting data so she is ___________
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Analyzing
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8th and final step of a research model is
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Share the results
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What you expect to find according to your predictions is _________
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Hypothesis
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A __________ is a factor thought to be significant to change
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Variable
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Capitalism becoming dominant is called ______________ __ _______
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Globalization of capitalism
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Precise way to measure a variable is by _______
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Operational definition
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Extent to an operational definition can measure _______
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Validity
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Reliability extent research provides what
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Consistent reliable results
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_________ is a research method where people answer a series of questions
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Survey
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The ________ is made up of individuals represent the target population
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Sample
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In a ________ _______ everyone has the option to be in the study
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Random sample
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The ______ _______ _______ is drawn from selected subgroups in a population
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Stratified random sample
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If the questions aren't ______, the questions could appear bias
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Neutral
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_______ is a feeling of trust between researchers and the people they are studying
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Rapport
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Questions followed but a list of answers are called what
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Close-ended questions
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Opens ended questions are
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Questions respondents have to answer in their own words
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In secondary analysis, research is collected by ________
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Others
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______ are written sources that provide data ex. are CDs, DVDs, movies, police reports
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Documents
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Subjects exposed to independent variable are called
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Experimental group
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In a control group subjects are
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Not exposed to independent variable
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The independent variable causes a change in the ________
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Dependent variable
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________________ study people who don't know they are being studied
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Unobtrusive measures
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The best method of sociological research is __________
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Depends on questions being asked
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In sociological research, gender is _______
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Influential
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Professional handling of confidential notes entails
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Protecting the respondents
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___________ is breaking down national boundaries
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Globalization
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List the 8 steps of a research model
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1. Select topic
2. Define the problem
3. Reviewing the literature
4. Formulating hypothesis
5. Choosing a research method
6. Collecting data
7. Analyzing results
8. Sharing the resukts
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The language, beliefs, etc. passed from generations is called a ________
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Culture
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______ would be a material culture
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Hair
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Non-material refers to _____________
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Ways of thinking
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1 thing said about material culture is
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Nothing natural about it
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Who is the ethnocentric group
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Everyone
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To try to understand a culture on its own terms without judging it
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Cultural relativism
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Culture relativism leads to
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Practices such as wife beating
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Another term for non-material culture is
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Symbolic culture
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Advantage of knowing other cultures
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Simplicity
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Main way people communicate
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Language
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Basis of culture is
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Language
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The Sapir-whorf hypothesis states that
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Language creates ways of thinking
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Term for rules of right behavior
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Norms
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When people break norms they receive _________
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Negative sanctions
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If you kill a person you violated ________
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Mores
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Even the thought of ________ fills us with revulsion
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Taboo
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A world within a world of dominant culture is a
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Subculture
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How many subcultures are in the us?
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Thousands
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Some values of norms _________ place it at odds
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Counterculture
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Society of many different groups is called
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Pluralistic society
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Values that are central to a group, those around which it builds a common identity
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Core values
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Americans feel the Only proper basis for marriage is
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Romantic love
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"In God we trust" reflects what
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Religiosity
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Material and individualism is a
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Value cluster
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A _________ exist between values aid group superiority and origin
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Value contradictions
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The ________ culture refers to the goal a group aims for
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Ideal
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Human potential movement reflects
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Self fulfillment
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Term real culture refers to ______ people follow
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Norms and rules
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______________ emphasizes human genes
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Genetic informed sociology
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"Social biology will absorb sociology" who thought this
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Edward Wilson
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Sociologist believe ________
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Biology causes human behavior
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_________ refers to values and traits found everywhere
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Cultural universals
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Technology is equated with
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Tools
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_________ refers to 1 part of culture changing
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Cultural lag
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List at least 5 core values of us society
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1. Achievement and success
2. Hard work
3. Material comfort
4. Freedom
5. Equality
