Sociology-Chapter5: Groups and organizations – Flashcards
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social group
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two or more people who identify with and interact with one another
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primary group
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a small social group whose members share personal and lasting relationships
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secondary group
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a large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity
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instumental leadership
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group leadership that focuses on the completion of tasks
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expressive leadership
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group leadership that focuses on the group's well-being
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groupthink
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the tendency of group memebers to conform, resulting in a narrow view of some issue
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reference group
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a social group that serves as a point of reference in making evaluations and decisions
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in-group
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a social group toward which a memeber feels respect and loyalty
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out-group
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a social group toward which a person feels like a sense of competition or opposition
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dyad
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a social group with two members
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triad
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a social group with three members
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network
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a web of weak social ties
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formal organization
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a large secondary group organized to achieve its goals efficiently
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tradition
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values and beliefs passed from generation to generation
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rationality
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a way of thinking that emphasizes deliberate, matter-of-fact calculations of the most efficient way to accomplish a particular task
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rationalization of society
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Weber's term for historical change from tradition to rationality as the main type of human thought
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bureaucracy
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an organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently
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organizational environment
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factors outside an organization that affect its operation
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bureaucratic ritualism
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a focus on rules and regulations to the point of indermining an organization's goal
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bureaucratic inertia
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the tendency of bureaucratic organizations to perpetuate themselves
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oligarchy
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the rule of the many by the few
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scientific management
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Fredricks Taylor's term for the application of scientific principles to the operation of a business or other large organization
