SOCIOLOGY 1020 FINAL

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Functionalists examine the ____ between the media and other social institutions
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Structural relationship
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Conflict theorists state that we can only fully understand the media when we
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Learn who controls it
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According to the conflict theorist, media frames it's messages in such a way that it ____
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Supports the ruling elite
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Barner (1999) found in an analysis of children's programming that women were typically portrayed in ____; and men were portrayed in
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Passive roles; active roles
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The interactionist perspective focuses on
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Symbols and messages of the media
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According to the lecture, digital divide is a symptom of a larger social problem - social inequality based on
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Income, educational attainment, and ethnicity/race
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The ___ enforces US federal laws regarding indecency
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US federal communications commision
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Individuals in the industrialized world devote an average of ____ hours of television every day
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Three
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Girls and boys exposed to violent behavior on film or tv behave ____ immediately afterward, are ___ tolerant of aggressive behavior, and are ___ to the pain of others
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More aggressively; more; desensitized
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The Federal Communications Commission was established by
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The Communications Act of 1934
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The first major overhaul of the original 1934 act, the telecommunications Act of 1966 was seen as a way to
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Encourage competition in the communications industry
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News executives are in control of the selection and deployment of specific reporters, the expenditure of time and resources for gathering news, and the allocation of space for the presentation of news and because they are ___ motivated
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Economically
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What level of household income has more users of the internet than any other
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More than $75,000 per year
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The average american spends more time on the internet than reading a daily newspaper (2012)
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True
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The mass media provides people with a sense if connection that few other social institutions can offer
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True
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Research has not yet linked media-violence viewing and the development of aggression among young children
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False
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According to the conflict perspective, the fundamental principle in american media is to attract an audience to sell advertisers
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True
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The interactionist perspective focuses on the symbols and messages of the media and how the media comes to define our reality
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True
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According to sociologist Herbert Gans, women and men identified by their position in government, or by their game and fortune, does not automatically make them newsworthy
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False
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It seems that despite the increasing diffusion of computers and an overall increase in internet use, there remains a deep divide between those who possess the resources, education, and skills to reap the benefits from these technologies and those who do not
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True
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Households with a bachelor's degree or higher are more likely to have access to computers and the internet than those with lower levels of educational attainment
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True
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Media literacy refers to the ability to sift through and analyze the messages that inform, entertain, and sell to us everyday
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True
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What major US corporation owns the ABC television network
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Disney
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What multinational media corporation owns the FOX network
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News Corp
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What are the countless hours of watching tv in most homes casing
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All of the above (family members not communicating, heightened levels of aggression, promotion of obesity)
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What are internet sites planting, on computer systems and various communication devices, that are used to track individual consumer purchases, selling this information to marketing departments, and is making the individual vulnerable to identity theft?
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Cookies
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There has been a decline in overall support if the media by the public because they believe that news organizations are working primarily for ___ and not in the best interest of the general public
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Profit
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While the Telecommunications Act of 1996 was seen as a way to encourage competition in the communications industry, it actually
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Decreased competition
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Media had been caused of being a social problem by directing, creating, and promoting
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All of the above( content-images that include violence, a highly controlled process of dissemination, unequal advantage for some social groups)
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As the ownership of all forms of media are in the process in consolidation this trend will
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All of the above (increase the likelihood that programming is focused on profit, limit potential diversification, limit and skew info)
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___ refers to a construct of meaning and relationships both emotional and economic
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Family
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Which of the following is not a trend identified in family composition from 1970-2007
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Families composed of married couples with children increased
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The only increase in family groups from 1970-2007 was
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Other family households
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From a functionalist perspective, the family
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Serves many important functions in society
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According to the conflict perspective, conflict between spouses of family members derive from ___ or ___ inequalities
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Economic; power
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From a feminist perspective, familial inequality emerges from a
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Patriarchal family system
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The persistent social ideals of women as homemakers and men as bread makers are problematic from which of the following sociological perspectives
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Both a and c are correct (conflict, feminist)
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From the interactionist perspective, we create and maintain our definition of a family through
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Social interaction
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According to the lecture, political and religious forces uphold and encourage a ___ family form as the standard for what all families should be like
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Patriarchal
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No fault divorces were introduced in the
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1970s
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According to research, getting married at a young age ___ chances of divorce, while living with high levels of poverty ___ chances of divorce
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Increases; increases
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Current data suggests that between ________ of women will be assaulted by an intimate partner during their lifetime.
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5-15%
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All but which of the following social factors have been consistently linked to family violence
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low religious participation.
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Kevin is an 82 year old. According to the findings, which of the following people is most likely to abuse him?
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family members
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The U.S. teen birth rate is ________ to the other developed nations of the world
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the highest compared
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The Family Medical Leave Act of 1993 provides qualifying employees with up to ________ of unpaid, job protected leave per year.
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twelve weeks
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In 2002, ________ children were more likely than children from other ethnic/racial groups to live in their grandparent's household.
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white
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When President Obama moved into the White House, much attention was paid to the fact that his _______ would also be a resident.
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mother-in-law
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The ________ perspective(s) examine power within the family
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both b and c are correct (Conflict feminist)
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According to the textbook and the lecture, all of the following reasons are believed to ioncrease the likelihood of child maltreatment except:
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religious preoccupation
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Despite some declining numbers in teen pregnancy overall, Black and Hispanic teens have seen birthrates:
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Decline
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5.4 million children live in homes where...which of the following relative type are their primary caregiver?
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Grandparents
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What percentage of cohabitating couple households contain children?
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60%
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How many U.S. Families were among the 2010 U.S. Census?
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117 million
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According to sociologists, divorce is a personal family matter and not a public issue.
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FALSE
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In 2003, the nuclear family comprised less than one forth of all U.S. households
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TRUE
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There is a persistent belief that non-traditional families threaten and erode the integrity of the family as an institution.
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TRUE
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From a functionalist perspective, the family is inextricably linked to the rest of society
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TRUE
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Since the family is considered a basic social institution, changes in other institutions like the economy, politics, or religion have little effect on the family
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FALSE
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While physical, sexual, and emotional abuses are often identified with child abuse, cases of neglect often go unnoticed
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TRUE
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Which of the following sociological perspectives is/are concerned that schools often indoctrinate students in the U.S. in Western bureaucratic ideology?
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Conflict
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________ refers to the practice where advanced learners are separated from regular learners.
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Tracking
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The No Child Left Behind Act was passed during the ________ administration.
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Bush
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While the U.S. spends ________ on education than other high-income countries, our literacy scores are ________ in a world comparison.
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More;average
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________ is one of the most powerful predictors of student achievement.
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Socioeconomic status
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Which of the following racial or ethnic groups have the highest proportion of college graduates at the bachelor's level?
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Asians
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A survey conducted in 2007 by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) found that nationwide, about _____ of students had missed more than one day of school because they felt unsafe at school with ________ students the most likely to have missed school.
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five percent; Hispanic and Black
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The Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Education Network's 2007 National School Climate Survey showed ________ percent of lesbian, gay, and transgendered youth reported feeling unsafe in school due to thei sexual orientation.
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61%
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Evaluation data of the Head Start program has identified the positive relationship between early childhood program enrollment with all of the following except ________.
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job promotibility
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According to Shaw (2001), which of the following is not identified as a focus when promoting safety in schools
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prediction
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As family income increases, the likelihood of college attendance:
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increases.
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(UNESCO), literacy disparities are associated with all of the following except:
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religious affiliation.
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In the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas the U.S. Supreme Court ruling has worked to desegregate U.S. Schools. Today, school segregation is just as likely to be an issue with what primary demographic at the center?
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Socioeconomic Status
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According to the text, education is considered the "great divider" in our society
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FALSE
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Younger Americans have earned more educational credentials (diplomas, degrees, certificates) than older Americans
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TRUE
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The Center for Disease Control reported that the overall life expectancy, not accounting for race or gender, reached a record high of ________ in 2008.
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77.8 years
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________ is the study of the patterns in the distribution and frequency of sickness, injury and death, and the social factors that shape them.
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Epidemiology
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Match the appropriate term to its definition in the order presented. ________ is the level of childbearing for an individual or population. ________ refers to the maximum number of children that could be born. ________ is the incidence of death in a population.
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Fertility; Fecundity; Mortality
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Today's leading causes of death in the United States include all but which of the following?
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intestinal infection
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While women live ________ than men, the three leading causes of death ________ are identical for males and females.
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five years longer; heart disease, cancer, and stroke,
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Men experience higher rates of fatal illness dying more quickly than women when illness occurs for all but which of the following reasons?
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level of education earned
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Which of the following was/were offered as explanation(s) into why the poor are more likely to be ill than those of higher economic status?
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the poor live in areas exposed to contaminated air and water.
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It is estimated that the United States spends roughly ________ of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on health care; ________ expenditure among industrialized countries.
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about 18%; the largest
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Which of the following major industrial countries provides some form of "universal health care" coverage for all of its' citizens?
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All of the above countries provide coverage: United Kingdom, Canada, Australia
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________ became the first state to provide universal health care coverage to all its citizens?
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Massachusetts
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because of the opportunity to save up to one million dollars annually, a number of cities in the United States have decided to defy U.S. laws and purchase prescription drugs from ________.
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Canada
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________ are the largest minority group in the United States and they are also the ________.
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Hispanics; youngest
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One in Four newborns in the United States is ________.
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Hispanic
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Which of the following is NOT a factor related to health coverage?
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Intelligence
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According to the functionalist theoretical perspective, illness has a legitimate place in society.
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TRUE
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According to Paul Hawken (Biosphere II Experiment), modern industrialization uses _________ resources to make ________ people more productive
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More;few
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Which of the following is Ehrlick and Ehrlick's formula for environment damage? This was presented in the lecture/discussion and in the text.
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Environmental Damage=(Population Growth) X (Level of Affluence) X (Technological Damage)
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Which of the following sociological perspectives deem that environmental problems are created by humans that are competing for power, income, and their own interests.
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Conflict
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Research consistently indicates how ________ and ________ are exposed to ________ environmental risks ________ and ________ communities.
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low income persons; people of color; greater; than white; affluent
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Interactionists address how environmental problems are
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created and defined
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According to your textbook, the U.S. Government seriously became committed to maintaining and preserving the environment for the first time in the ________.
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late 1960s
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The decade ________ was the warmest on record for the globe.
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2000-2009
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In 2011 the United Nations announced that the world's population has reached which of the following?
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7 billion
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According to the textbook, China, India, and Russia are among the world's most polluted places.
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TRUE
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The Biosphere II experiment (Paul Hawken, 1970) was a great success in that all the plant and animal life introduced to the ecosystem flourished.
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FALSE
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Whether someone is looking at a social system or an eco-system, a functionalist examines the entire system and its components
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TRUE
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In the United States, our capitalist economic system has been identified as a primary source of the conflict over polluting our physical and natural world.
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TRUE
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Social constructionists do not deny that real environmental problems exist.
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TRUE
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The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in 1970.
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TRUE
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Climate change is also referred to as global warming.
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TRUE
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Which of the following dimensions of diversity is not classified as a primary characteristic to Loden and Rosener (1991)?
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Educational Attainment
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Social stratification refers to
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the ranking of individuals into social strata or groups
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____ used to term life chances to describe the consequences of social stratification on one's life
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Max Weber
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Discrimination refers to a ____, while prejudice refers to a ___
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Act, attitude
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Which of the following federal acts is dubbed "The center piece of the social welfare system?"
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Social Security Act
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The Social Security Act was passed in
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1935
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Under Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, assistance was provided for all but which of the following?
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Specific Relief
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All but which of the following are programs resulting from Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society?
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Americorp
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Significant social welfare reform, implementing strict work requirements and time limitations, was signed into law by ___ in the ___.
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Bill CLinton; Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act.
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___ poverty refers to a lack of basic necessities, such as food, shelter, and income, while ___ poverty refers to a situation where people are falling behind from the average income or life style enjoyed by the rest of society
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absolute; relative
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the gap between the richest and poorest americans has ___ over the last two decades
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increased
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the poverty guidelines are issued each year by the ___ and are used for determining family or individual eligibility for federal programs
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Department of health and human services
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define the following terms in the order presented. ___refers to a lack of basic necessities such as food, shelter, and income. ___ refers to a situation where people are falling behind the average income or lifestyle enjoyed by the rest of society. ___ refers to the original federal poverty measure developed by the Social Security Administration and updated each year by the US Census Bureau. ___ refers to criteria used for determining family or individual eligibility for federal programs such as head start
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absolute poverty; relative poverty; poverty threshold; poverty guidelines
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according to the 2012 poverty figures, ___ compose the largest group of poor individuals in the US
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white-americans
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according to recent research, ___ are more likely to live in poverty than americans in any other age group
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children
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according to the 2012 state map presented in the textbook, ___ had the highest rate of poverty, while ___ had the lowest poverty rate
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louisiana, new hampshire
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social scientists reject the biological notions of race, instead favoring an approach that treats race as a
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construct
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ethnicity refers to one's ____, while race refers to one's ___.
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cultural traits; genetic characteristics
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As of 2002, ___ americans were the nation's largest minority group
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hispanic
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___ is the belief that one's own group values and bahaviors are not only right, but superior to others
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ethnocentrism
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___ refers to the practice of prohibiting or restricting the entry or participation of groups in society ____ refers to the physical and social separation of ethnic or racial groups ___ refers to the removal of a group due to direct force or intimidation
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Exclusion; segregation; expulsion
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according to the ___ perspective, assimilation is the solution to the differences between racial and ethnic groups
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functionalist
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___ theorists focus on how the dynamics of racial and ethnic relations divides groups while maintaining a dominant group
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conflict
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which of the following perspectives believe that race is a social construct that we learn through our social institutions
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interactionist
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which of the following statements is inaccurate concerning affirmative action
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affirmative action applies only to african-americans
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functionalists assume that not everyone in society can and should be equal
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true
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conflict theorists feel the answer to racism lies in the implementation of assimilation
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false
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feminist theory intersects with multiculturalism through the analysis of mulitple systems of oppression, not just gender, but including categories of race, class, sexual orientation, nation of origin, language, culture, and ethnicity
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true
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according to the interactionist perspective, we learn about racial and ethnic categories of white, black, latino, asian, and native american through our social interactions
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true
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regions of the country in order from the highest poverty rate to the lowest poverty rate:
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south, west, midwest, northeast
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which theoretical perspective: during periods of economic crisis, the state expands welfare rolls to pacify the poor and reduce the likelihood of serious uprising
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conflict
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in regards to poverty, interactionists focus on
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how poverty is learned and publics perceptions of welfare and its recipients
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under the temporary assistance for needy families welfare program, there is a federal lifetime limit of ___ of assistance, though states may put shorter limits on bnefits
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60 months
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approximately ___ of US households were "food insecure" sometime during 2010.
answer
15%
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poor households are likely to have ___ food prices as compared to the national average
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higher
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families that left welfare between ___ were more likely to report difficulty in paying a mortgage, rent, or utility than families leaving between ___.
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1997 & 1999; 1995 & 1997
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all but which of the following reasons were cited for the decline in welfare caseloads
answer
an increase in bureaucratic paperwork required to apply for and receive welfare benefits
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studies that have traced people who have left welfare over a long period of time indicate ___ earning growth after leaving welfare
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no significant
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since the pew research center first starting collecting data on economic progress, they have found that most americans feel less economic progress in their lives now than any time in the last ___ years
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5 or 44?
question
(Unicef) "Child well-being in rich countries" report identifying the percentage of children that receive national funding and regulating early childhood education and care. four countries?
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denmark, finland, france, sweden.
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as mentioned in the textbook reading and lecture, poverty rates vary across geographic areas because of difference in ___ specific and ___ specific characteristics
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person;place
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manning marable argues that ___ is fraud because while it promotes the idea that everyone has a fair and equal chance to succeed. advantages are given to members of particular groups based on their gender, race, or social class.
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capitalism
question
aid to families with dependent children
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was never authorized by congress and therefore never became law
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as household income increases, so does the likelihood of which of the following
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access to healthcare coverage
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how many states in the US have cute their welfare rolls 10% or more since 2007 by reducing welfare
answer
11
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in 2011, the US census released what to look at with the poverty issue according to geographic differences
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supplemental poverty measure
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what percentage of americans believe that there is a strong or very strong conflict between the poor and the wealthy in our country
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66%
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wealth provides access to key social and cultural capital, which of the following does not apply to this access
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good health
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the original poverty threshold was based on the cost of ___
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food
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theorists from the ___ perspectives argue that only the most qualified should fill the important jobs in society and be rewarded for their talent and skills
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functionalist
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which of the following racial/ethnic groups have the highest poverty rate proportional to their group?
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black-americans
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in 2012, the upper ___ of americans personal income was 22.5% of the total personal income of the entire US population
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1%
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the top 10% of earners, in 2012, took home more than ___ of the US total personal income -- the highest recorded level ever
answer
half
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even though the US supreme court's 1954 decision on Brown v. Board of Education ruled that racial segregation in public school's was illegal, a new form of segregation has developed called:
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pluralist segregation
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which of teh following countries account for the majority of immigrants into the US?
answer
Mexico
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Scholars identify "ethnic attrition" as which of the following?
answer
ethnic identities being absorbed through assimilation
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Based from the information presented in lecture and textbook which of the following racial groups has the highest median income in the US
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hispanics
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sociologists refer to the unequal distribution of resources services and positions as social stratification
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false
question
prejudice refers to an action while discrimination refers to an attitude
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false
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it is estimated that by the 2050s the majority of americans will comprised of african, latino, asican, middle-eastern, and native american descent
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true
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on average, working women earn ___ cents for every dollar working men earn.
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seventy-seven
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marger reports that regardless of their level of technological development or complexity of their social structure, ___ society have some form of gender inequality
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all
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sex refers to ___ while gender refers to ___
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fixed physiological characteristics; learned social cultural characteristics
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which of the following theorectical perspectives argues that gender inequality is inevitable due to biological division of labor in the household which is necessary to establish role differentiation in the family
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functionalist
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according to the conflict and feminist perspectives, women's subordinate position in society is linked to
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their relationship to the means of production
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which of the following workplace sex segregation types were specifically mentioned in the text, lecture, discussion
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horizontal and vertical
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according to the lecture and duscussed in class, the US feminist movement began in
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1848
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as presented in the lecture series and also identified in the textbook by the author, there has/have been ___ waves to the US feminist movement
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two
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according to research, women have transitioned from a housekeeper role to a dual role of earner and caregiver, as men's involvement in domestic work
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remains low
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gender serves to legitmize certain avtivities and ways of thinking over others which ultimately grants privilege to one group over another
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true
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social scientists believe that gender differences are due to biological differences
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falase
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functionalists may arge that it is appropriate for men, and not women, to pursue political office because it is more practical or natural for men to be in leadership positions
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true
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horizontal segregation refers to the separation of women into non-manual labor and men into manual labor sectors
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true
question
in 2007, the US supreme court ruled that employess could not challenge ongoing compensation discrimination if the employers original discriminatory act or decision occurred more than 5 years earlier
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false
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in general women may have a wage gap in some areas of the US markerplace, but there is no wage gap in American culture
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false
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___ is defined as the classification of individuals according to their prefernce for emotional sexual relationship
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sexual orientation
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a women is ___ if she has exclusive emotional-sexual relationships with persons of the same sex
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homosexual
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if an individual is born a biological male, but identifies as a female.... then based only on this provided information, this individual is considered
answer
transgendered
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in 2000, ___ was the first state to recognize civil unions while in 2004 ___ became the first state to legalize same-sex marriage
answer
vermont, massachussetts
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which sociological perspective supports the concept of institutionalized hetersexuality - set of ideas, institutions, and relationships that desire the heterosexual family as the societal norm
answer
functionalist
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the defence of marriage act was passed in
answer
1996
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heterosexual marriage in the US grants approximately ___ federal benefits, ranging from the right to sue based on wrongful death of a partner, access to employment based health benefits, and the ability to make medical decisions on behalf of a partner
answer
five hundred
question
the term ___ has come to symbolize the pursuit of individual rights and self-identification for gay and lesbian persons
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"coming - out"
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the US supreme court __ overturned sodomy laws in the US and did so in ___
answer
has; 2003
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which US president signed into law the Mychal Judge Act which allows for federal death benefits to be paid to the same0sex partners of firefighters and police officers who die in the line of duty
answer
george w. bush
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protections against public and private workplace discrimination because of one's exual orientation exist in ___ states and approximately ___ percent of fortune 500 companies have antidiscrimination policies protecting gay employees
answer
twenty-one; eighty-eight
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researchers exploring the ___ basis of sexual orientation have considered two theoretical approaches; neurohormonal theory and behavioral genetics
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biological
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confirmation of a genetic link to sexual orientation has ___
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been found through identical and fraternal twins
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the reaffirmation of heterosexuality as the moral standard is the basis of what
answer
culture wars
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A public opinion poll by Gallup Org. in 2010 revealed that support for gay rights in the last three decades has
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increased
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anna leon - guerrero reports that a lot of prejudice and dsicrimination practices towards homosexuals are a direct result of formal laws
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true
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rates of metal health problems are higher among homosexual men and women due in part to the social discrimination and cultural stigmatization they experience
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true
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a review of existing studies on workplace discrimination reveals that somewhere between one quarter and two thirds of GLB people report losing their jobs, or missing promotions because of their sexual orientation
answer
true
question
beginning with the 2010 census a same-sex couple could select between two options to indicate their relationship status: husband and wife or unmarried partners
answer
true
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question
Functionalists examine the ____ between the media and other social institutions
answer
Structural relationship
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Conflict theorists state that we can only fully understand the media when we
answer
Learn who controls it
question
According to the conflict theorist, media frames it's messages in such a way that it ____
answer
Supports the ruling elite
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Barner (1999) found in an analysis of children's programming that women were typically portrayed in ____; and men were portrayed in
answer
Passive roles; active roles
question
The interactionist perspective focuses on
answer
Symbols and messages of the media
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According to the lecture, digital divide is a symptom of a larger social problem - social inequality based on
answer
Income, educational attainment, and ethnicity/race
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The ___ enforces US federal laws regarding indecency
answer
US federal communications commision
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Individuals in the industrialized world devote an average of ____ hours of television every day
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Three
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Girls and boys exposed to violent behavior on film or tv behave ____ immediately afterward, are ___ tolerant of aggressive behavior, and are ___ to the pain of others
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More aggressively; more; desensitized
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The Federal Communications Commission was established by
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The Communications Act of 1934
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The first major overhaul of the original 1934 act, the telecommunications Act of 1966 was seen as a way to
answer
Encourage competition in the communications industry
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News executives are in control of the selection and deployment of specific reporters, the expenditure of time and resources for gathering news, and the allocation of space for the presentation of news and because they are ___ motivated
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Economically
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What level of household income has more users of the internet than any other
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More than $75,000 per year
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The average american spends more time on the internet than reading a daily newspaper (2012)
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True
question
The mass media provides people with a sense if connection that few other social institutions can offer
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True
question
Research has not yet linked media-violence viewing and the development of aggression among young children
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False
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According to the conflict perspective, the fundamental principle in american media is to attract an audience to sell advertisers
answer
True
question
The interactionist perspective focuses on the symbols and messages of the media and how the media comes to define our reality
answer
True
question
According to sociologist Herbert Gans, women and men identified by their position in government, or by their game and fortune, does not automatically make them newsworthy
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False
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It seems that despite the increasing diffusion of computers and an overall increase in internet use, there remains a deep divide between those who possess the resources, education, and skills to reap the benefits from these technologies and those who do not
answer
True
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Households with a bachelor's degree or higher are more likely to have access to computers and the internet than those with lower levels of educational attainment
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True
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Media literacy refers to the ability to sift through and analyze the messages that inform, entertain, and sell to us everyday
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True
question
What major US corporation owns the ABC television network
answer
Disney
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What multinational media corporation owns the FOX network
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News Corp
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What are the countless hours of watching tv in most homes casing
answer
All of the above (family members not communicating, heightened levels of aggression, promotion of obesity)
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What are internet sites planting, on computer systems and various communication devices, that are used to track individual consumer purchases, selling this information to marketing departments, and is making the individual vulnerable to identity theft?
answer
Cookies
question
There has been a decline in overall support if the media by the public because they believe that news organizations are working primarily for ___ and not in the best interest of the general public
answer
Profit
question
While the Telecommunications Act of 1996 was seen as a way to encourage competition in the communications industry, it actually
answer
Decreased competition
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Media had been caused of being a social problem by directing, creating, and promoting
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All of the above( content-images that include violence, a highly controlled process of dissemination, unequal advantage for some social groups)
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As the ownership of all forms of media are in the process in consolidation this trend will
answer
All of the above (increase the likelihood that programming is focused on profit, limit potential diversification, limit and skew info)
question
___ refers to a construct of meaning and relationships both emotional and economic
answer
Family
question
Which of the following is not a trend identified in family composition from 1970-2007
answer
Families composed of married couples with children increased
question
The only increase in family groups from 1970-2007 was
answer
Other family households
question
From a functionalist perspective, the family
answer
Serves many important functions in society
question
According to the conflict perspective, conflict between spouses of family members derive from ___ or ___ inequalities
answer
Economic; power
question
From a feminist perspective, familial inequality emerges from a
answer
Patriarchal family system
question
The persistent social ideals of women as homemakers and men as bread makers are problematic from which of the following sociological perspectives
answer
Both a and c are correct (conflict, feminist)
question
From the interactionist perspective, we create and maintain our definition of a family through
answer
Social interaction
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According to the lecture, political and religious forces uphold and encourage a ___ family form as the standard for what all families should be like
answer
Patriarchal
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No fault divorces were introduced in the
answer
1970s
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According to research, getting married at a young age ___ chances of divorce, while living with high levels of poverty ___ chances of divorce
answer
Increases; increases
question
Current data suggests that between ________ of women will be assaulted by an intimate partner during their lifetime.
answer
5-15%
question
All but which of the following social factors have been consistently linked to family violence
answer
low religious participation.
question
Kevin is an 82 year old. According to the findings, which of the following people is most likely to abuse him?
answer
family members
question
The U.S. teen birth rate is ________ to the other developed nations of the world
answer
the highest compared
question
The Family Medical Leave Act of 1993 provides qualifying employees with up to ________ of unpaid, job protected leave per year.
answer
twelve weeks
question
In 2002, ________ children were more likely than children from other ethnic/racial groups to live in their grandparent's household.
answer
white
question
When President Obama moved into the White House, much attention was paid to the fact that his _______ would also be a resident.
answer
mother-in-law
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The ________ perspective(s) examine power within the family
answer
both b and c are correct (Conflict feminist)
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According to the textbook and the lecture, all of the following reasons are believed to ioncrease the likelihood of child maltreatment except:
answer
religious preoccupation
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Despite some declining numbers in teen pregnancy overall, Black and Hispanic teens have seen birthrates:
answer
Decline
question
5.4 million children live in homes where...which of the following relative type are their primary caregiver?
answer
Grandparents
question
What percentage of cohabitating couple households contain children?
answer
60%
question
How many U.S. Families were among the 2010 U.S. Census?
answer
117 million
question
According to sociologists, divorce is a personal family matter and not a public issue.
answer
FALSE
question
In 2003, the nuclear family comprised less than one forth of all U.S. households
answer
TRUE
question
There is a persistent belief that non-traditional families threaten and erode the integrity of the family as an institution.
answer
TRUE
question
From a functionalist perspective, the family is inextricably linked to the rest of society
answer
TRUE
question
Since the family is considered a basic social institution, changes in other institutions like the economy, politics, or religion have little effect on the family
answer
FALSE
question
While physical, sexual, and emotional abuses are often identified with child abuse, cases of neglect often go unnoticed
answer
TRUE
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Which of the following sociological perspectives is/are concerned that schools often indoctrinate students in the U.S. in Western bureaucratic ideology?
answer
Conflict
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________ refers to the practice where advanced learners are separated from regular learners.
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Tracking
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The No Child Left Behind Act was passed during the ________ administration.
answer
Bush
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While the U.S. spends ________ on education than other high-income countries, our literacy scores are ________ in a world comparison.
answer
More;average
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________ is one of the most powerful predictors of student achievement.
answer
Socioeconomic status
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Which of the following racial or ethnic groups have the highest proportion of college graduates at the bachelor's level?
answer
Asians
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A survey conducted in 2007 by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) found that nationwide, about _____ of students had missed more than one day of school because they felt unsafe at school with ________ students the most likely to have missed school.
answer
five percent; Hispanic and Black
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The Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Education Network's 2007 National School Climate Survey showed ________ percent of lesbian, gay, and transgendered youth reported feeling unsafe in school due to thei sexual orientation.
answer
61%
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Evaluation data of the Head Start program has identified the positive relationship between early childhood program enrollment with all of the following except ________.
answer
job promotibility
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According to Shaw (2001), which of the following is not identified as a focus when promoting safety in schools
answer
prediction
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As family income increases, the likelihood of college attendance:
answer
increases.
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(UNESCO), literacy disparities are associated with all of the following except:
answer
religious affiliation.
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In the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas the U.S. Supreme Court ruling has worked to desegregate U.S. Schools. Today, school segregation is just as likely to be an issue with what primary demographic at the center?
answer
Socioeconomic Status
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According to the text, education is considered the "great divider" in our society
answer
FALSE
question
Younger Americans have earned more educational credentials (diplomas, degrees, certificates) than older Americans
answer
TRUE
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The Center for Disease Control reported that the overall life expectancy, not accounting for race or gender, reached a record high of ________ in 2008.
answer
77.8 years
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________ is the study of the patterns in the distribution and frequency of sickness, injury and death, and the social factors that shape them.
answer
Epidemiology
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Match the appropriate term to its definition in the order presented. ________ is the level of childbearing for an individual or population. ________ refers to the maximum number of children that could be born. ________ is the incidence of death in a population.
answer
Fertility; Fecundity; Mortality
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Today's leading causes of death in the United States include all but which of the following?
answer
intestinal infection
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While women live ________ than men, the three leading causes of death ________ are identical for males and females.
answer
five years longer; heart disease, cancer, and stroke,
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Men experience higher rates of fatal illness dying more quickly than women when illness occurs for all but which of the following reasons?
answer
level of education earned
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Which of the following was/were offered as explanation(s) into why the poor are more likely to be ill than those of higher economic status?
answer
the poor live in areas exposed to contaminated air and water.
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It is estimated that the United States spends roughly ________ of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on health care; ________ expenditure among industrialized countries.
answer
about 18%; the largest
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Which of the following major industrial countries provides some form of "universal health care" coverage for all of its' citizens?
answer
All of the above countries provide coverage: United Kingdom, Canada, Australia
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________ became the first state to provide universal health care coverage to all its citizens?
answer
Massachusetts
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because of the opportunity to save up to one million dollars annually, a number of cities in the United States have decided to defy U.S. laws and purchase prescription drugs from ________.
answer
Canada
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________ are the largest minority group in the United States and they are also the ________.
answer
Hispanics; youngest
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One in Four newborns in the United States is ________.
answer
Hispanic
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Which of the following is NOT a factor related to health coverage?
answer
Intelligence
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According to the functionalist theoretical perspective, illness has a legitimate place in society.
answer
TRUE
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According to Paul Hawken (Biosphere II Experiment), modern industrialization uses _________ resources to make ________ people more productive
answer
More;few
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Which of the following is Ehrlick and Ehrlick's formula for environment damage? This was presented in the lecture/discussion and in the text.
answer
Environmental Damage=(Population Growth) X (Level of Affluence) X (Technological Damage)
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Which of the following sociological perspectives deem that environmental problems are created by humans that are competing for power, income, and their own interests.
answer
Conflict
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Research consistently indicates how ________ and ________ are exposed to ________ environmental risks ________ and ________ communities.
answer
low income persons; people of color; greater; than white; affluent
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Interactionists address how environmental problems are
answer
created and defined
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According to your textbook, the U.S. Government seriously became committed to maintaining and preserving the environment for the first time in the ________.
answer
late 1960s
question
The decade ________ was the warmest on record for the globe.
answer
2000-2009
question
In 2011 the United Nations announced that the world's population has reached which of the following?
answer
7 billion
question
According to the textbook, China, India, and Russia are among the world's most polluted places.
answer
TRUE
question
The Biosphere II experiment (Paul Hawken, 1970) was a great success in that all the plant and animal life introduced to the ecosystem flourished.
answer
FALSE
question
Whether someone is looking at a social system or an eco-system, a functionalist examines the entire system and its components
answer
TRUE
question
In the United States, our capitalist economic system has been identified as a primary source of the conflict over polluting our physical and natural world.
answer
TRUE
question
Social constructionists do not deny that real environmental problems exist.
answer
TRUE
question
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in 1970.
answer
TRUE
question
Climate change is also referred to as global warming.
answer
TRUE
question
Which of the following dimensions of diversity is not classified as a primary characteristic to Loden and Rosener (1991)?
answer
Educational Attainment
question
Social stratification refers to
answer
the ranking of individuals into social strata or groups
question
____ used to term life chances to describe the consequences of social stratification on one's life
answer
Max Weber
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Discrimination refers to a ____, while prejudice refers to a ___
answer
Act, attitude
question
Which of the following federal acts is dubbed "The center piece of the social welfare system?"
answer
Social Security Act
question
The Social Security Act was passed in
answer
1935
question
Under Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, assistance was provided for all but which of the following?
answer
Specific Relief
question
All but which of the following are programs resulting from Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society?
answer
Americorp
question
Significant social welfare reform, implementing strict work requirements and time limitations, was signed into law by ___ in the ___.
answer
Bill CLinton; Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act.
question
___ poverty refers to a lack of basic necessities, such as food, shelter, and income, while ___ poverty refers to a situation where people are falling behind from the average income or life style enjoyed by the rest of society
answer
absolute; relative
question
the gap between the richest and poorest americans has ___ over the last two decades
answer
increased
question
the poverty guidelines are issued each year by the ___ and are used for determining family or individual eligibility for federal programs
answer
Department of health and human services
question
define the following terms in the order presented. ___refers to a lack of basic necessities such as food, shelter, and income. ___ refers to a situation where people are falling behind the average income or lifestyle enjoyed by the rest of society. ___ refers to the original federal poverty measure developed by the Social Security Administration and updated each year by the US Census Bureau. ___ refers to criteria used for determining family or individual eligibility for federal programs such as head start
answer
absolute poverty; relative poverty; poverty threshold; poverty guidelines
question
according to the 2012 poverty figures, ___ compose the largest group of poor individuals in the US
answer
white-americans
question
according to recent research, ___ are more likely to live in poverty than americans in any other age group
answer
children
question
according to the 2012 state map presented in the textbook, ___ had the highest rate of poverty, while ___ had the lowest poverty rate
answer
louisiana, new hampshire
question
social scientists reject the biological notions of race, instead favoring an approach that treats race as a
answer
construct
question
ethnicity refers to one's ____, while race refers to one's ___.
answer
cultural traits; genetic characteristics
question
As of 2002, ___ americans were the nation's largest minority group
answer
hispanic
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___ is the belief that one's own group values and bahaviors are not only right, but superior to others
answer
ethnocentrism
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___ refers to the practice of prohibiting or restricting the entry or participation of groups in society ____ refers to the physical and social separation of ethnic or racial groups ___ refers to the removal of a group due to direct force or intimidation
answer
Exclusion; segregation; expulsion
question
according to the ___ perspective, assimilation is the solution to the differences between racial and ethnic groups
answer
functionalist
question
___ theorists focus on how the dynamics of racial and ethnic relations divides groups while maintaining a dominant group
answer
conflict
question
which of the following perspectives believe that race is a social construct that we learn through our social institutions
answer
interactionist
question
which of the following statements is inaccurate concerning affirmative action
answer
affirmative action applies only to african-americans
question
functionalists assume that not everyone in society can and should be equal
answer
true
question
conflict theorists feel the answer to racism lies in the implementation of assimilation
answer
false
question
feminist theory intersects with multiculturalism through the analysis of mulitple systems of oppression, not just gender, but including categories of race, class, sexual orientation, nation of origin, language, culture, and ethnicity
answer
true
question
according to the interactionist perspective, we learn about racial and ethnic categories of white, black, latino, asian, and native american through our social interactions
answer
true
question
regions of the country in order from the highest poverty rate to the lowest poverty rate:
answer
south, west, midwest, northeast
question
which theoretical perspective: during periods of economic crisis, the state expands welfare rolls to pacify the poor and reduce the likelihood of serious uprising
answer
conflict
question
in regards to poverty, interactionists focus on
answer
how poverty is learned and publics perceptions of welfare and its recipients
question
under the temporary assistance for needy families welfare program, there is a federal lifetime limit of ___ of assistance, though states may put shorter limits on bnefits
answer
60 months
question
approximately ___ of US households were "food insecure" sometime during 2010.
answer
15%
question
poor households are likely to have ___ food prices as compared to the national average
answer
higher
question
families that left welfare between ___ were more likely to report difficulty in paying a mortgage, rent, or utility than families leaving between ___.
answer
1997 & 1999; 1995 & 1997
question
all but which of the following reasons were cited for the decline in welfare caseloads
answer
an increase in bureaucratic paperwork required to apply for and receive welfare benefits
question
studies that have traced people who have left welfare over a long period of time indicate ___ earning growth after leaving welfare
answer
no significant
question
since the pew research center first starting collecting data on economic progress, they have found that most americans feel less economic progress in their lives now than any time in the last ___ years
answer
5 or 44?
question
(Unicef) "Child well-being in rich countries" report identifying the percentage of children that receive national funding and regulating early childhood education and care. four countries?
answer
denmark, finland, france, sweden.
question
as mentioned in the textbook reading and lecture, poverty rates vary across geographic areas because of difference in ___ specific and ___ specific characteristics
answer
person;place
question
manning marable argues that ___ is fraud because while it promotes the idea that everyone has a fair and equal chance to succeed. advantages are given to members of particular groups based on their gender, race, or social class.
answer
capitalism
question
aid to families with dependent children
answer
was never authorized by congress and therefore never became law
question
as household income increases, so does the likelihood of which of the following
answer
access to healthcare coverage
question
how many states in the US have cute their welfare rolls 10% or more since 2007 by reducing welfare
answer
11
question
in 2011, the US census released what to look at with the poverty issue according to geographic differences
answer
supplemental poverty measure
question
what percentage of americans believe that there is a strong or very strong conflict between the poor and the wealthy in our country
answer
66%
question
wealth provides access to key social and cultural capital, which of the following does not apply to this access
answer
good health
question
the original poverty threshold was based on the cost of ___
answer
food
question
theorists from the ___ perspectives argue that only the most qualified should fill the important jobs in society and be rewarded for their talent and skills
answer
functionalist
question
which of the following racial/ethnic groups have the highest poverty rate proportional to their group?
answer
black-americans
question
in 2012, the upper ___ of americans personal income was 22.5% of the total personal income of the entire US population
answer
1%
question
the top 10% of earners, in 2012, took home more than ___ of the US total personal income -- the highest recorded level ever
answer
half
question
even though the US supreme court's 1954 decision on Brown v. Board of Education ruled that racial segregation in public school's was illegal, a new form of segregation has developed called:
answer
pluralist segregation
question
which of teh following countries account for the majority of immigrants into the US?
answer
Mexico
question
Scholars identify "ethnic attrition" as which of the following?
answer
ethnic identities being absorbed through assimilation
question
Based from the information presented in lecture and textbook which of the following racial groups has the highest median income in the US
answer
hispanics
question
sociologists refer to the unequal distribution of resources services and positions as social stratification
answer
false
question
prejudice refers to an action while discrimination refers to an attitude
answer
false
question
it is estimated that by the 2050s the majority of americans will comprised of african, latino, asican, middle-eastern, and native american descent
answer
true
question
on average, working women earn ___ cents for every dollar working men earn.
answer
seventy-seven
question
marger reports that regardless of their level of technological development or complexity of their social structure, ___ society have some form of gender inequality
answer
all
question
sex refers to ___ while gender refers to ___
answer
fixed physiological characteristics; learned social cultural characteristics
question
which of the following theorectical perspectives argues that gender inequality is inevitable due to biological division of labor in the household which is necessary to establish role differentiation in the family
answer
functionalist
question
according to the conflict and feminist perspectives, women's subordinate position in society is linked to
answer
their relationship to the means of production
question
which of the following workplace sex segregation types were specifically mentioned in the text, lecture, discussion
answer
horizontal and vertical
question
according to the lecture and duscussed in class, the US feminist movement began in
answer
1848
question
as presented in the lecture series and also identified in the textbook by the author, there has/have been ___ waves to the US feminist movement
answer
two
question
according to research, women have transitioned from a housekeeper role to a dual role of earner and caregiver, as men's involvement in domestic work
answer
remains low
question
gender serves to legitmize certain avtivities and ways of thinking over others which ultimately grants privilege to one group over another
answer
true
question
social scientists believe that gender differences are due to biological differences
answer
falase
question
functionalists may arge that it is appropriate for men, and not women, to pursue political office because it is more practical or natural for men to be in leadership positions
answer
true
question
horizontal segregation refers to the separation of women into non-manual labor and men into manual labor sectors
answer
true
question
in 2007, the US supreme court ruled that employess could not challenge ongoing compensation discrimination if the employers original discriminatory act or decision occurred more than 5 years earlier
answer
false
question
in general women may have a wage gap in some areas of the US markerplace, but there is no wage gap in American culture
answer
false
question
___ is defined as the classification of individuals according to their prefernce for emotional sexual relationship
answer
sexual orientation
question
a women is ___ if she has exclusive emotional-sexual relationships with persons of the same sex
answer
homosexual
question
if an individual is born a biological male, but identifies as a female.... then based only on this provided information, this individual is considered
answer
transgendered
question
in 2000, ___ was the first state to recognize civil unions while in 2004 ___ became the first state to legalize same-sex marriage
answer
vermont, massachussetts
question
which sociological perspective supports the concept of institutionalized hetersexuality - set of ideas, institutions, and relationships that desire the heterosexual family as the societal norm
answer
functionalist
question
the defence of marriage act was passed in
answer
1996
question
heterosexual marriage in the US grants approximately ___ federal benefits, ranging from the right to sue based on wrongful death of a partner, access to employment based health benefits, and the ability to make medical decisions on behalf of a partner
answer
five hundred
question
the term ___ has come to symbolize the pursuit of individual rights and self-identification for gay and lesbian persons
answer
"coming - out"
question
the US supreme court __ overturned sodomy laws in the US and did so in ___
answer
has; 2003
question
which US president signed into law the Mychal Judge Act which allows for federal death benefits to be paid to the same0sex partners of firefighters and police officers who die in the line of duty
answer
george w. bush
question
protections against public and private workplace discrimination because of one's exual orientation exist in ___ states and approximately ___ percent of fortune 500 companies have antidiscrimination policies protecting gay employees
answer
twenty-one; eighty-eight
question
researchers exploring the ___ basis of sexual orientation have considered two theoretical approaches; neurohormonal theory and behavioral genetics
answer
biological
question
confirmation of a genetic link to sexual orientation has ___
answer
been found through identical and fraternal twins
question
the reaffirmation of heterosexuality as the moral standard is the basis of what
answer
culture wars
question
A public opinion poll by Gallup Org. in 2010 revealed that support for gay rights in the last three decades has
answer
increased
question
anna leon - guerrero reports that a lot of prejudice and dsicrimination practices towards homosexuals are a direct result of formal laws
answer
true
question
rates of metal health problems are higher among homosexual men and women due in part to the social discrimination and cultural stigmatization they experience
answer
true
question
a review of existing studies on workplace discrimination reveals that somewhere between one quarter and two thirds of GLB people report losing their jobs, or missing promotions because of their sexual orientation
answer
true
question
beginning with the 2010 census a same-sex couple could select between two options to indicate their relationship status: husband and wife or unmarried partners
answer
true
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