social research chapter one – Flashcards
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action research
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applied research that treats knowledge as a form of power.
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action research characteristics
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1. actively involve research participants in the process, data collection. 2. incorporate everyday experiences into the study. 3. examine issues of exploitation, oppression, power and inequality. 4. seek to raise consciousness and awareness. 5. Link study to a plan or program of action
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Field Research
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small group of people over a length of time, open ended and informal interviews
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Historical Comparative research
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we examine aspects of social life in a past historical era or different cultures, combine theory building with data collection
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Experimental research
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closely follows the logic and principles found in natural science research, researchers create situations and examine their effects on participants, experiments in laboratory or in real life with small number of people, well focused research question
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survey research
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written questionnaires, use graphs, percentages
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content analysis
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a systematic analysis of the content rather than the structure of a communication, such as a written work, speech, or film
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existing statistics research
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previously collected information, government reports, reorganize or combine into a new research question
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secondary data analysis
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a way to develop new theories, using data from a past study
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case study
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research examines one or a handful of cases over a duration of time with detailed, varied, and extensive data, usually qualitative data
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cohort study
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study focuses on a category of people who share a similar life experience in a specific time period
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panel study
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powerful type of longitudinal research in which the researcher observes exactly the same people, group or organization across multiple time points.
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cross sectional research
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social research studies that examine a single point in time. adv. simplest least costly alternative. Disadv. cannot capture social processes or change Exploratory, descriptive, explanatory
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longitudinal research
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examines features of people at more than one time, complex, costly, more powerful than cross sectional
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three types of longitudinal
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time series study, panel study, cohort study
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times series study
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researcher gathers the same type of information across two or more time periods
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exploratory research
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researcher examines a new area to formulate questions that can be addressed in the future. address the "what" question. rarely yields definitive answers
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descriptive research
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basic information about a social phenomenon and are ready to describe it in greater depths. "How" and "who" Question systematic picture with specific details
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explanatory research
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identifies the source of the behaviors, beliefs, conditions, and events: documents causes, tests theories and provides reasons
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social impact assessment
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you estimate the likely consequences of a planned intervention or intentional change to occur in the future, examine wide range of social outcomes and work in interdisciplinary research team.
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basic research
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advances fundamental knowledge about the social world, developing, testing and supporting theories about the social world
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applied research
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addresses a specific concern or offers solutions to a practical problem, building a theory to a larger theory is a secondary concern
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evaluation research
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applied research designed to find out whether a program or new way of doing something is effective
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steps in research
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1. select a topic 2. focus question 3 design a study 4. collect data 5 analyze data 6 interpret data 7 inform others. all around a theory
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data
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empirical evidence
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quantitative
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Data that is in numbers
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qualitative
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Data in the form of words
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empirical evidence
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observations, senses touch, sight, hear, smell and taste
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halo effect
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overgeneralize from a highly positive or prestigious source
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premature closure
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when we feel we have the answer and do not need to listen, seek information or raise questions any longer
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overgeneralization
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when some evidence supports your belief, but you falsely assume that it applies to most situations
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selective observations
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Choosing to look only at things that are in line with our preferences or beliefs
