Social Psychology Chapter 7: Attitudes and Attitude Change – Flashcards
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Attitude based primarily on people's beliefs about the properties of an attitude object
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Cognitively Based Attitude
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Attitude based more on people's feelings and values than on their beliefs about the nature of an attitude object
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Affectiively Based Attitude
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Evaluations of people, objects and ideas
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Attitude
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When stimulus elicits an emotional response in repeatedly paired with a neutral stimulus that does not, until the neutral stimulus takes on the emotional properties of the first stimulus
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Classical Conditioning
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Behaviors that people freely choose to perform increase/decrease in frequency, depending on whether they are followed by reinforcement or punishment.
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Operant Conditioning
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Attitude based on observations of how one behaves towards an attitude object
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Behaviorally-Based Attitude
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Attitudes that we consciously endorse and can easily report.
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Explicit Attitudes
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Involuntary, uncontrollable and sometimes unconscious atttitude.
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Implicit Attitudes
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Communication advocating a particular side of an issue.
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Persuasive Communication
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Study of conditions under which people are most likely to change their attitudes in response to persuasive messages, focusing on "who said what to who" - the source of the communication, the nature of the communication, and the nature of the audience.
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Yale Attitude Change Approach
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Model explaining 2 ways in which persuasive communication can cause attitude change: centrally, when pople are motivated and pay attention to the arguments, and peripherally, when people don't pay attention to the arguments but instead swayed by surface characteristics.
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Elaboration Likelihood Model
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Case whereby people elaborate on a persuasive communication, listening carefully to and thinking of the arguments
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Central Route to Persuasion
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People do not elaborate on the arguments in a persuasive communicationn but instead swayed by peripheral cues.
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Peripheral Route to Persuasion
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A personality variable reflecting the extent to which people engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive activities.
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Need for Cognition
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Persuasive messages that attempt to change people's attitudes by arousing their fears
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Fear-Arousing Communications
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Explanation of the 2 ways in which persuasive communications can cause attitude change by either systematically processing the merits of the arguments or using mental shortcuts (heuristics)
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Heuristic-Systematic Model of Persuasion
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Making people immune to attempts to change their attitudes by initially exposing them to small doses of the arguments against their position.
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Attitude Inoculation
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Idea that when people feel their freedom to perform a certain behavior is threatened, an unpleasant state of reactance is aroused, which can be reduced by performing the threatened behavior.
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Reactance Theory
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The strength of the association between an attitude object and a person's evaluation of that object, measured by the speed with which people can report how they feel about the object.
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Attitude Accessibility
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Idea that the best predictor's of a person's planned, deliberate behaviors are the person's attitudes toward specific behaviors, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.
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Theory of Planned Behavior
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Words or pictures not consciously perceived but nevertheless influence people's judgements, attitudes and behaviors.
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Subliminal Messages
