Social Psychology-Chapter 5: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination – Flashcards
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racism
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Prejudice and discrimination based on a person's racial background, or institutional and cultural practices that promote the domination of one racial group over another.
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sexism
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Prejudice and discrimination based on a person's gender, or institutional and cultural practices that promote the domination of one gender over another.
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stereotype
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A belief or association that links a whole group of people with certain traits or characteristics.
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prejudice
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Negative feelings toward persons based on their membership in certain groups.
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discrimination
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Behavior directed against persons because of their membership in a particular group.
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modern racism
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A form of prejudice that surfaces in subtle ways when it is safe, socially acceptable, and easy to rationalize.
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implicit racism
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Racism that operates unconsciously and unintentionally.
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ambivalent sexism
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A form of sexism characterized by attitudes about women that reflect both negative, resentful beliefs and feelings and affectionate and chivalrous but potentially patronizing beliefs and feelings.
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stigmatized
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Being persistently stereotyped, perceived as deviant, and devalued in society because of membership in a particular social group or because of a particular characteristic.
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stereotype threat
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The experience of concern about being evaluated based on negative stereotypes about one's group.
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social categorization
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The classification of persons into groups on the basis of common attributes.
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ingroups
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Groups with which an individuals feels a sense of membership, belonging, and identity.
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outgroups
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Groups with which an individual does not feel a sense of membership, belonging, or identity.
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outgroup homogeneity effect
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The tendency to assume that there is greater similarity among members of outgroups than among members of ingroups.
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social dominance orientation
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A desire to see one's ingroup as dominant over other groups and a willingness to adopt cultural values that facilitate oppression over other groups.
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system justification theory
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A theory that proposes that people are motivated (at least in part) to defend and justify the existing social, political, and economic conditions.
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stereotype content model
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A model proposing that the relative status and competition between groups influence group stereotypes along the dimensions of competence and warmth.
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superordinate goal
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A shared goal that can be achieved only through cooperation among individuals of groups.
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realistic conflict theory
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The theory that hostility between groups is caused by direct competition for limited resources.
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relative deprivation
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Feelings of discontent aroused by the belief that one fares poorly compared with others.
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ingroup favoritism
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The tendency to discriminate in favor of ingroups over outgroups.
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social identity theory
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The theory that people favor ingroups over outgroups in order to enhance their self-esteem.
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social role theory
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The theory that small gender differences are magnified in perception by the contrasting social roles occupied by men and women.
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illusory correlation
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An overestimate of the association between variables that are only slightly or not at all correlated.
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subliminal presentation
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A method of presenting stimuli so faintly or rapidly that people do not have any conscious awareness of having been exposed to them.
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contact hypothesis
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The theory that direct contact between hostile groups will reduce intergroup prejudice under certain conditions.
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jigsaw classroom
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A cooperative learning method used to reduce racial prejudice through interaction in group efforts.
