Social Psychology – Flashcards
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Social Psychology
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study of the causes and consequences of sociality
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Mike is a great football player. Last Saturday, his new girlfriend attended the game to watch him play, and Mike played even better than usual. Mike's enhanced performance demonstrates the phenomenon known as...
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social facilitation
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As he was just learning how to play tennis, Dave did worse when in the presence of others in a phenomenon known as...
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social disruption
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While sitting in the theater watching the latest Iron Man movie, Michael hears a person behind him talking on his cell phone. "What an inconsiderate jerk that person is," Michael thinks to himself. He does not consider that the telephone call may have been some very serious emergency that required immediate attention. Michael has fallen prey to the ________ error
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fundamental attribution
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You get on an elevator. Everyone is facing to the right. You turn and also face to the right. This is an example of...
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conformity
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Devoid of any retribution, thousands of fans at a football game swarmed the field, climbing on the goal posts, yelling, screaming, and taking their clothes off. This behavior of normally mild-mannered citizens is known as...
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deindividuation
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Zimbardo's Study
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in his famous study, this researcher recruited college students to portray either guards or prisoners with some rather shocking results
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Groupthink
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emphasis on group unanimity at the expense of critical thinking
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Group Polarization
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the tendency of a group discussion to strengthen the dominant positions held by individual group members
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Conformity vs. Obedience
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Conformity is influence from peers or colleagues
Obedience is influence from authority
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Nabila was at a busy grocery store when she and many others saw a gentleman on the ground. She stopped to stare and thought to herself that surely someone had already called for help for this man. She decided that because so many people were present to see the gentleman, help was already on the way. Nabila's decision not to call for help can be best explained by...
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the diffusion of responsibility
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You and your group have had four weeks to complete a group project for your economics class. You are now four days away from the due date, and you and one other group member have been putting in all of the time and effort. The other two members come occasionally to group meetings and do the minimal work required. This unfortunate situation is known as...
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social loafing
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Some research has shown that there are gender differences in aggression. These findings suggest that...
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higher levels of testosterone may produce more outward aggression in males
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This form of aggression is prevalent in girls and involves spreading rumors, gossiping, and nonverbal putdowns
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relational aggression
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Recognition Heuristic
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phenomena where we are more likely to believe something we've heard many times
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Cognitive dissonance
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when we experience an unpleasant state of tension between two or more conflicting thoughts
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A local charity sends you return mailing labels and asks you to contribute whatever you can. You go ahead and send $5. A month later, you receive another request, but this time for $10, along with numerous other charities to contribute to. While you feel good that you contributed, you may be experiencing the...
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foot-in-the-door technique
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Your friend asks you to borrow $50 from you. You tell him no. Then he asks for a mere $10, which you gladly give him. While you feel good to have helped him out, you may have just experienced the
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door-in-the-face technique
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The typically negative behaviors an individual displays toward others based on membership to a particular group is referred to as ________; the typically negative attitudes an individual has toward others based on membership to a particular group is referred to as ________.
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discrimination; prejudice
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Roger felt the need to blame other groups for his misfortunes despite the fact that he could have taken the reigns of his own life any time rather than wallowing in the...
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scapegoat hypothesis
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The ________ is the claim that our attributions and behaviors are shaped by a belief that the world is fair and people always get what they deserve.
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just-world hypothesis
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Deindividuation
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occurs when immersion in a group causes people to become less aware of individual values
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Psychodynamic Approach
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approach that regards personality as formed by needs, striving, and desires largely operating outside of awareness- motives that can also produce emotional disorders; discovered by Freud
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Defense mechanisms
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unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses
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Psychosexual Stages
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distinct early life stages through which personality is formed as children experience sexual pleasures from specific body areas (erotogenic zone) and caregivers redirect or interfere with those pleasures
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Milgram's Experiment
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focusing on a conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience
