Social Psych Chapt 8
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how and why do people change their behavior in response to the real or imagined influence of other people
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conformity
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we conform because we see other people as a source of information
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informational social influence
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sherif studies, auto kinetic effect measured
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visual perception
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informational social influence uses
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public compliance, private acceptable
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using informational social influence rohrer used a replication of visual perception with one year delay, people ____ the information
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internalized
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when will people conform to informational social influence
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situation is ambiguous, situation is in crisis, others are experts
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most important determinate of whether or not people will use each other as a source of information
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when the situation is ambiguous
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having limited time to act may lead us to look to others for information
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when the situation is in crisis
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the more expertise someone is thought to have, the more people will look to that person for information in ambiguous situations
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when others are experts
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in asch studies of line test, ___ people conformed on at least one trial
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76
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conformity in order to be liked and accepted by others
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normative social influence
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often results in public compliance without private acceptance
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normative social influence
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implicit or explicit rules a group has for the acceptable behaviors, values, and beliefs of its members
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social norms
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perceptions of what behaviors are approved or disapproved of by others
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injunctive norms
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perceptions of how people actually behave in given situations
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descriptive norms
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we conform to a groups social norms in order to be ____ and ____ by the group
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liked, accepted
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groups have ___ for the way that other group members should behave
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expectations
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members in good standing ___
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conform
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those members who do not conform are perceived as ___
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deviant
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been a good group member over time so you build credit, if you deviate in future its okay
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ideosychrisay credits
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factors that increase normative conformity
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group importance, no allies
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normative pressure is stronger when coming from respected source, there is a greater cost when failing to conform
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group importance
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its difficult to be the lone dissenter
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no allies
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in informational social influence people __ to get information and in normative social influence people ___ to be liked or accepted
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need, want
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consistency over time, consistent unanimity among members of the minority, appear not to be driven by self-interest
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minority influence
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cause public compliance because of normative social influence
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majorities
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cause private acceptance because of informational social influence
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minorities
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occurs when we change our behavior because of the influence of others
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conformity
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occurs when we conform without really believing in what we are doing, insincere, outward conformity
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compliance
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is compliance in response to a specific demand
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obedience
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there are evil people in the world, maybe even evil groups of people, such as the Nazis in World War II
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personality view
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researched obedience inspired by the holocaust, some of the most famous research in social psychology, experts predicted less than 1% of people would give the highest level of shock
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Milgram
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prestigious university, authoritative experimenter, clear instructions for behavior
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obey legitimate authority
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moral mandate
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do no harm
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"the shocks must not be dangerous" decide nothing is wrong, follow experimenters commands, "harm is being done" decide something is wrong, refuse to follow commands
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the construal
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normative social influence, informational social influence, conforming to the wrong norm, self-justification.
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reasons people were obedient
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basically good people can be influenced to perform evil acts
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conclusion of milgram
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Blass did a meta-analysis showing ___ amount of obedience across a 25 year period
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same
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Burgers study
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contemporary replication
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remind people that they are responsible for harm, expose people to disobedient models- when other people disobey, it is easier for us to do so, question expertise and motives, just know about the power of authority figures to command blind obedience
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ways to change behavior
