Social Deviance Midterm – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Four Contemporary Sociological Functions
answer
Structural Functionalism conflict theory symbolic interactionism feminist theory
question
structural functionalism
answer
A theoretical perspective that views society as an organized system, analogous to the human system, that is made up of a variety of interrelated parts or structures that work together to generate social stability and maintain society.
question
conflict theory
answer
Conflict and tension are basic facts of social life and are based on power struggle
question
symbolic interactionism
answer
A theoretical perspective in which society is viewed as composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning, develop their views of the world, and communicate with one another.
question
feminist theory
answer
A sociological perspective that emphasizes the centrality of gender in analyzing the social world and particularly the uniqueness of the experience of women. There are many strands of feminist theory, but they all share the desire to explain gender inequalities in society and to work to overcome them.
question
three perspective of defining deviance
answer
absolutist relativist social power
question
absolutist
answer
roots are in both religious and naturalist assumptions set in their own ways
question
relativist
answer
deviance is not universal
question
social power
answer
powerful vs powerless
question
theories of deviance
answer
strain theory conflict theory social bond theory differential association
question
strain theory
answer
Merton's theory that deviance occurs when a society does not give all its members equal ability to achieve socially acceptable goals
question
conflict theory
answer
Inequality in society produces advantages and disadvantaegs
question
social bond theory
answer
attachment, committment, involvement, belief
question
differential association
answer
social interactions with deviant as opposed to conventional others
question
anomie
answer
state of normlessness where society fails to effectively regulate the expectations or behaviors of its members
question
differential opportunity theory
answer
legitimate vs illegitimate means of obtaining wealth. behaviors and deviance are learned. equal opportunity.
question
general strain
answer
strain at the individual level may result from teh failure to achieve valued goals and also result form negative relations/stimuli
question
social disorganization theory
answer
explains why certian neighborhoods control deviance and why others are unable to minimize or eliminate it
question
folways
answer
simple everyday norms based on customs, traditions and laws
question
mores
answer
norms based on broad societal morals whose infraction would generate more serious social condemnation
question
law
answer
the strongest norms because they are supported by codified social sanctions
question
tabboo
answer
adj. excluded or forbidden from use or mention: proscribed by society as unacceptable or improper
question
sociological imagination
answer
how society makes their own views basedon what they see
question
Five Adaptations of the Strain Theory
answer
conformity innovation ritualism retreatism rebellion
question
conformity
answer
a non deviant adaptation where people continue to engage in legit occupations or educational roles despite enviromental pressures towards deviant behaviors
question
conformity
answer
+ +
question
innovation
answer
involves acceptance of the cultural goal but rejection of legitimate, institutionalized means. innovator means to obtain economic success, criminals.
question
innovation
answer
+ -
question
ritualism
answer
an over conformist. pursuit of the dominant cultural goal of economic success is rejected or abadoned and compulsive conformity to institutional norms.
question
ritualism
answer
- +
question
retreatism
answer
reject cultural goals and institutionalized means. complete escape from the pressures and demands of organized society. more individualistic.
question
retreatism
answer
- -
question
rebellion
answer
rejects the goals and means of the established society but actively attempts to substitute new goals and means in their place. refers to teh role behavior of political deviants who attempt to modify greatly the existing structure of society.
question
rebellion
answer
+ - + -
question
four elements of social control theory
answer
attachment committment belief involvement differential association
question
attachment
answer
the emotional component of the bond.
question
committment
answer
the rational component of the bond
question
belief
answer
the stronger the awareness, understanding, and agreement with the rules and norms of society the less likely to deviate
question
involvement
answer
the more time spent engaged in conforming activities, the less time available to deviate
question
differential association
answer
criminal behavior is learned the same way as ordinary behavior
question
frequency
answer
how many times one may be exposed to behaviors
question
duration
answer
how long the exposure of criminal behavior
question
priority
answer
level of importance placed on association
question
intensity
answer
level of exposures to the criminal behaviors
question
differences between positive and negative deviance
answer
felt reaction why
question
approaches in researching deviance
answer
experimental survey field content analysis
question
ehtical considerations
answer
voluntary participation consent confidentiality irb
question
relativist deviance
answer
assumes that the definition is constructed based on the interactions of those in society
question
scientific method
answer
analysis and implentation of the best way to complete a task
question
social construction
answer
subjective definition or perception of the conditions
question
sociological imagination
answer
link between our personal lives and experiences in our social world
question
theory
answer
set of assumptions
question
positive deviance
answer
intentional behaviors that depart from community norms in honorable ways
question
stigma
answer
mark of deviance
question
general strain theory
answer
strain at the individual level may result from teh failure to achieve valued goals and also result from negative relations
question
Institutional anomie theory
answer
• Argues that the major institutions in the US, including the family, school, and political system, are all dominated by economic institutions, the exaggerated emphasis on monetary success leads to crime and deviance
question
Relative deprivation
answer
• Judging oneself or ones situation as lacking in comparison to a key reference group
question
Strain
answer
• Lack of opportunites for conventional success may lead to strain, which can manifest anger, frustration, and deviance
question
Structural impediments
answer
• Obstacles on the road to conforming success, lack of education, poor acess to legitimate careers etc
question
Broken windows theory
answer
• Basically the notion that social and physical disorder and other forms of crime and deviance
question
Collective efficacy
answer
• Conditions of some neighborhoods where there is trust, cohesion, and a willingness to act for the common good
question
Concentric zones
answer
• A model of urban cities, generally consisting of and moving out from the central business district, the zone in transition, zone of the working class, residential zone and commuter zone
question
types of deviance
answer
physical mental relational subcultural technological elite
question
types of deviance in deviant identity
answer
primary secondary tertiary
question
primary
answer
one who commits deviant acts but are unrecognized
question
secondary
answer
deviant acts are reacted to by others
question
tertiary
answer
identity embracement
question
seven stages of deviant identity
answer
getting caught and publicly identified retrospective interpretation spoiled identity exclusion inclusion treated differently internalization of the label
question
Go Really Slow Especially In Timed Isles
answer
...
