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(5.1) Roman Catholics are correctly considered to be an example of

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Category *> Roman catholics make up a category since they have status in common, but most are STRANGERS to each other*

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(5.1) Which of the following is an example of a primary group?

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Neighbors assembled at a monthly neighborhood picnic *> A neighborhood may become a primary group b/c it can be a personal situation w/lasting relationships*

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(5.1) Which of the following is an example of a dyad?

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a U.S. marriage *> A marriage is a dyad since it consists of TWO people*

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(5.1) Which type of leader focuses on instrumental concerns and takes personal charge of decision-making?

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Authoritarian *> Authoritarian leaders make all the decisions themselves and give instructions to others*

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(5.1) Solom Asch's line-matching research demonstrated the dynamics of

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Group conformity *> Subjects conformed to group pressure rather than making obvious correct matches*

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(5.2) The concept _________ refers to the rule of the many by the few

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Oligarchy *> Robert Michels coined the term "iron law of oligarchy" to describe the pyramid shape of bureaucracies*

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(5.2) Bureaucracies usually take the form of a(n)

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Pyramid, w/few people top and many at the bottom *> Bureaucracies have few managers and many workers*

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(5.2) _____ refers to an organization's rules and regulations becoming an end in themselves, so much so that they interfere with accomplishing the organization's goals

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Bureaucratic ritualism *> Bureaucratic ritualism refers to focusing on rules and regulations to the point of undermining goals*

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(5.2) Organizational environment refers to:

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factors outside an organization that affect its operation *> An environment is made up of things around an entity, not within an entity*

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(5.2) Robert Michels' "iron law of oligarchy" refers to

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the typical pyramid shape by which few people lead in a bureaucracy *>Michels discovered that bureaucracies are pyramid-shaped, placing few leaders in charge of entire organization*

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(5.3) The principles of scientific management suggest that operational control over the workplace should reside with:

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owners and executives *> Scientific management focuses on managers using scientific principles to increase efficiency*

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(5.3) Many of the better jobs involving creativity in the information age are characterized by

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reader flexibility *> General though suggests that greater flexibility will result in new ideas and quick adaptations to changing global marketplace*

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(5.3) The Mcdonaldization thesis states that rational organization _______

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is coming to define our entire way of life, for better or worse *> The thesis supports the idea that efficiency, predictability, uniformity, and control are overriding important issues in most areas of life in the USA*

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(5.3) When organizations spread creative problem solving throughout the workforce, the result is:

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fewer levels in the chain of command *> When the top management ceases to try to solve all the problems alone, fewer levels are needed w/in the organization*

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(5.3) George Ritter echoes Max Weber when he states that "the ultimate irrationality of McDonaldization" is that ____________

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people could lose control of the system and end up being controlled by it *> Ritzer's conclusion is in accordance w/Max Weber's assertion that rational systems are efficient but dehumanizing*

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A social group is defined as

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two or more people who identify with and interact w/one another *> Groups are based on mutual identification and interaction*

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A _________ is an example of a primary group

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family residing at home together *> This social group is likely to be primary*

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A problem with groupthink for getting a job done is that if often results in:

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conforming, leading to a narrow view of an issue *> Groupthink leads people to a SINGLE VIEW of a situation*

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For whom would a residential boarding school be most like a coercive (forced to do) organization?

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the students *> Students are subject to control of authorities and may have restrictions on their movement*

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Factors that affect an organization's operation, such as declining regional population or a new state governor, taken together, are called the _________

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organizational environment *> These are EXTERNAL FACTORS that affect the operation of the organization*

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The Federal Emergency Management Agency's response to hurricane Katrina, in which following bureaucratic rules seems to be more important than helping peeling in need, is an example of

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Bureaucratic inefficiency *> Organizations sometimes operate in ways that DO NOT advance their goals*

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Scientific management was developed to

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increase the productive efficiency of businesses *> Applying scientific principles to an organization's operation should increase efficiency*

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The policies of Japanese organizations in the 1980s encouraged more _______ than did the policies of organizations in the USA

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loyalty and cooperation *> In the 1980s, Japanese workers were organized in "teams", making businesses more like primary groups*

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Today's post-industrial economy has created highly skilled, creative work as well as

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a great deal of service work that requires far less skill *> There are both advantaged and disadvantaged workers in today's economy*

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"quality circles" in Japanese work organizations serve to

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involve workers in discussing decisions that affect them *> These groups work together to improve quality and increase productivity*

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Secondary relationships typically involve

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Weak emotional ties *> Secondary relationships typically link lots of people impersonally*

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The use of a shock generator to study obedience to authority was foundation of research by

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Stanley Milgram *> Milgram documented pattern by which people obeyed orders of "authority figures"*

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In a group of four people, how many social relationships like the members?

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6 *> Four people are jointed by six social relationships*

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The Red Cross and League of Women Votes are examples of which type of organization?

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Normative organizations *> Normative organizations pursue goals viewed as morally desirable*

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Which cluster of traits did Max Weber link to bureaucracy?

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Specialization, hierarchy, and technical competence *> Weber claimed bureaucracy was focused on technical skill and efficiency*

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