SAPLING CH. 6 HW – Flashcards
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Which of the following describes a genome?
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The collection of genetic material in a cell or organism.
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Dog somatic cells contain 78 total chromosomes. How many chromosomes would a dog egg cell contain?
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39 total
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The cell cycle is a repeating sequence of events that leads to the duplication and division of a cell. Place the stages of the cell cycle in the order of their occurrence, from the earliest stage of cell growth through the latest stage of cell division.
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interphase
prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
cytokinesis
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During which phase of mitosis does chromatin condense into chromosomes as the nuclear membrane breaks down?
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prophase
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Classify each of the characteristics below as describing animal cell cytokinesis or plant cell cytokinesis.
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Animal cell cytokinesis:
- Cleavage produces a furrow around the cell
- A contractile ring pinches the cell in two
Plant cell cytokinesis:
- A cell plate forms from fused vesicles
- A cell wall forms between daughter cells
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A student examined cells taken from the root tip of an onion. The root tip was chosen because active root grown means the cells are actively dividing. The table to the right gives the data of how many cells were observed at each stage of the cell cycle. According to these observations, which stage of the cell cycle is longest?
Interphase - 177
Prophase - 21
Metaphase - 13
Anaphase - 6
Telophase - 7
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interphase
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Match each description of cellular events with the checkpoint in the cell cycle where it takes place.
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G1 checkpoint: Cell resources and size are assessed to determine whether to proceed
M checkpoint: All chromatids are checked for proper attachment to spindle fibers
G2 checkpoint: DNA is checked to be sure all chromosomes have been duplicated without damage
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Classify the statements below as describing proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes.
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Proto-oncogenes:
- These genes code for proteins that normally promote cell division.
- Mutations that increase activity of these genes may lead to cancer.
Tumor suppressor genes:
- These genes code for proteins that normally prevent uncontrolled cell division.
- Loss-of-function mutations in these genes may lead to cancer.
- Some products of these genes normally function in repairing damaged DNA.
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How does mitosis and cytokinesis in eukaryotes differ from binary fission in prokaryotes?
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Spindle fibers form to separate sister chromatids in mitosis, whereas spindle fibers are not used to separate the replicated chromosome in binary fission.
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Place the steps of the prokaryotic cell cycle in order.
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- prokaryotic chromosome attaches to the plasma membrane
- prokaryotic chromosome replicates
- cell elongates, pulling each chromosome to an opposite end of the cell
- plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward and divide the cell
- two genetically identical daughter cells are produced
