Root, Prefix, Suffix, Abbreviation List – Flashcards
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Step 10
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PEP -> Pyruvate- pyruvate kinase- (2) ADP -> ATP
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spondylo-
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vetebra
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myelo-
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spinal cord; bone marrow. e.g, myeloblast: immature bone marrow cell
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PDA
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patent ductus arteriosus used indomethacin (Indocin)
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COX-1
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Protects stomach lining, but platelet aggregation
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COX-2
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Causes inflammation and pain
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phago-
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eat, swallow e.g. phagocyte
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-genic
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produced by e.g. ulcergenic
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epi-
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above, upon e.g. epigastric
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trans-
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across e.g. transverse: turning across
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pyresis
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state of fever (-esis: condition, state of)
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erythema
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widespread redness of the skin
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DX
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diagnosis
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Rx
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prescription medication
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QD
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every day
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BID
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two times a day
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TID
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three times a day
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QID
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four times a day
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QOD
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every other day
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-osis
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abnormal condition
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bovine
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cow
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porcine
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pig
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equine
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horse
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murine
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mice
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NME
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new molecular entity -pioneer/1st class drugs -truly unique
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"No drug has original effects"
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means can block, enhances, but can't replace(replace: insuline; enhance: stimulate heart, lungs; interrupt: hypertension
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"No drug has just one action"
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Therapeutic effect (pharmacologic effect), side effect (effects other than the therapeutic effects), adverse effect (a toxic side effect)
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lithotripsy
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crushing the kidney stone for easy removal; -tripsy: to crush
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nephrolithiasis (renal calculi)
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kidney stone
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polydysia
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very thirsty
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polyuria
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very frequent urination
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dysuria
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lack of urine
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xerostomia
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dry mouth
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ectopic kidneys
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kidneys located in an abnormal location (congenital defect)
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CKD
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chronic kidney dz: condition during whcih serum cratinine and BUN levels rise leading to impairment of body systems
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CRF
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chronic renal failure: progressive loss of kidney function
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vesicovaginal fistula
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abnormal condition of viginal and bladder fistulous tract allowing urine to flow directly into the vigina
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enuresis
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wet bed
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stress incontinence
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occurs with strain on the bladder opening during coughing or sneezing
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urgency incontinence
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occurs with inablility to hold back urination when feeling the urge to void
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nephrolithiasis
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kidney stones (renal calculi
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nephrolithodynia
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ureteral colic
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hydronephrosis
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condition in which the renal pelvis accummulates an abnormal level of urine caused by kidney stones
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prolapse
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slide forwards
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anaphylaxis
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an extreme allergic reaction to a substance (ana- means up)
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prophylaxis
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protection (-phylaxis: protect, pro-: before)=prevention
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carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
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prevents the conversion of CO2 & H20 to HCO3- & H+ and via versa
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anacusis
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a state of complete deafness (-acusis/-cusis: hearing)
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vertigo
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sensation of whirling motion (dizziness)
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oophor-
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ovary e.g., unilateral oophorectomy: removal of one ovary
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salpingo-
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Fallopian tube e.g., salpingectomy: removal of the Fallopian tube
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masto-
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breast e.g., gynecomastia: condition of breast enlargement in males
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ICP
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Intracranial pressure
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ACE inhibitor
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Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor -ends with "-opril"
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ARB's
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Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers -ends with "-sartan"
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angio-, vaso-
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blood vessels
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thrombo-
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clot
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SA node
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on roof of R. atrium
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AV node
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at junction btwn atrium and ventricle
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Bunddle of His
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two branches in the interventricular septum
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Purkinje fibers
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radiate from bottom and up (more branches)
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P wave
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depolarization of the atrium -atrial systole
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QRS
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depolarization of the ventricle -ventricular systole
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T wave
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repolarization of the ventricle -ventricular diastole
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Bundle of His
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located at the top portion of the interventricular septum and gives rise to bundle branches
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Bundle branch
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found in the interventricular septum, eitheir be the left or right branch.
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NSR
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normal sinus rhythm
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EKG/ECG
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electrocardiogram
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HR
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normal heart rate is from 60bpm-100bpm
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aneurysm
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local widening of an arterial wall subjects to rupturing
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regurgitaion
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a bubble up of blood into atrium from ventricle
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MVP
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Mitral valve prolapse (inverted valve)
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LVH
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left ventricle hypertrophy (left ventricle works harder to pump blood through a narrow artery)
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diaphoresis
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the process of sweating
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dextro- right
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dextrocardia: abnormally located to the right
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myocardium
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heart tissue that undergoes MI
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endocardium
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this inner heart layer of IV drug users usually get infected
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DNR
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do not resuscitate
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tamponade
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collection of fluid in the pericardial cavity causes compression of the heart
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NGT
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Nasogastric Tube -FDA-approved use of nimodipine (Nimotop)by pulling capsule to give via NGT (not NTG)
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CAB/CABG
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coronary artery bypass
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CPR
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cardio-pulmonary resuscitation
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PTCA
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angioplasty for short (Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty)
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CPK
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cardiac isoenzymes
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stent
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artificial piece that keeps the wall of artery from coming back together
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cinchonism
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collection of Sx caused by quinidine intoxication
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SLE
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -a lupus-like Sx
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PVC
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premature ventricular contraction
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IV bolus
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is a large volume of fluid or dose of drug given intravenously and rapidly at one time
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DVT
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Deep vein thrombosis (a clot formed in a large vein of the lower limb)
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PE
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embolism (embolus: transient clot, thrombus: localized clot)
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variose vein
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abnormally swollen or twisted vein of the legs
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CO
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cardiac output depends on HR(chronotropic)and stroke volume (inotropic =force of contraction)
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NS
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normal saline (NaCl 0.9%)
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D5W
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dextrose 5% in water
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CVA
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cerebrovascular acident (stroke) aka cerebral infarction/brain attack
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idiopathic
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etiology (cause) unknown
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TPA
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Tissue plasminogen activator for Tx of stroke, aka Activase
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syncope
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loss of conciousness
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angiorrhaphy
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the repair by suture of a blood vessel
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hypertrichosis/hirsuitism
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overgrowth of hairs
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Hct
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Hematocrit: percentage of RBCs in a volume of blood (-crit means separate)
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aniscytosis
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an abnormality of red blood cells of unequal size
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ascites
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a peritoneal edema due to low albumins
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Ig
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immunoglobin ( Ig -M,A,G,D,E)
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BMT
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bone marrow transplant
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hematopoiesis
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process forming blood cells
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erythropoiesis
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process forming red blood cells
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myelopoiesis
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bone marrow synthesis
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N/V
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nausea/vomiting
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melena
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blood in stool
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c(- on top)
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with
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p(- on top)
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after
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G-CSF
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granulocyte-colony stimulating factor
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GM-CSF
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granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor
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LMWH
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low molecular weight heparin
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-rrhexis
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rupture e.g. splenorrhexis: ruptured spleen
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lympho-
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lymph
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lymphocyto-
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lymphatic cells
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lymphangio-
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lymphatic vessel
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lymphadeno-
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lymphatic tissue
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ecchymosis
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bruise
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epistaxis
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bloody nose
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petechiae
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small bruise (dots)
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purpura
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large patch of bruise usually seen in the elderly
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IC
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intracardiac
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legend drugs
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Rx only drugs
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drug origins
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plants, animals and minerals
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approval of NME
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is based on safetly (min risk) and efficacy (has to work)
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ADR
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adverse drug reaction (side effect)
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DTC
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direct to consumer
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TI
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therapeutic index (measures safety) = LD50/ ED50
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NTI
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narrow therapeutic index= a small change in dosage could cause toxic results
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idosyncratic effect
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an unexpected side effect
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NKA/NKDA
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no know Ax/no known drug Ax
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teratogenic
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causing birth defects
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iatrogenic
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Tx causes problems
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IA
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intra-articular (joint)
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PR
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per rectum (rectal route)
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SQ
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subcutaneous
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SL
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sublingual
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pharmacokinetic
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movement of drugs (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolite, Excretion)
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tachyphylaxis
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develop tolerance quickly
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Placebo
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innert, used in testing controlled experiment
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EC
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enteric coated
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XR
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extended release
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trade name
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contains registered trademarks
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indication
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valid reason to use the drug for
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contraindication
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conditions or factors that a drug is not supposed to be used for
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bioavailability
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fraction of drug administered which is actually absorbed and reached the circulation
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osteo-, osseo-
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bone
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teno-, tendino-
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tendon
