Romanesque Europe – Flashcards
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Romanesque is ___________, not Roman
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Medieval
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Everyone thought it was going to be the end of the world; brought on a religious, grateful wave
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1100
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_________ boomed, going on holy journeys and pilgrimages of churches, earned churches a lot of money
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Pilgrims
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______ _______________ changed to accomadate more people and visitors
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church architecture
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A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land (created growth of towns and cities)
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feudalism
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1050-1200, use of barrel/groin vaults based on round roman arch, revival of large stone sculpture, regional diversity in styles
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Romanesque traits
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semicircular chapel cutout of the side wall of a church, usually for relic display, like an apse
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Radiating chapel
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most romanesque churches still have __________ ____________
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timber roof
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Church in France, 1050, important example of romanesque architecture
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Saint Etienne
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characteristic of romanesque churches, couldn't make them bigger because they didn't have concrete and it would weaken the structure
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small windows
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walkway around the apse or choir
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Ambulatory
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in France, 1070, massive churches to accomadate pilgrims
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Saint Sernin
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traits for ______ ______ romanesque churches: increased length of the nave, double aisles, balanced and simple design, groin vaults, barrel vault ceiling
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large scale
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engaged columns on piers
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compound piers
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timber roof replaced by ________ ceilings
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stone
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sculpture in ambulatory: Christ in majesty, St. Sernin, in mandala, 4 feet high
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Bernardus Gelduinus
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changes from solely monasteries to use by towns for pilgrims coming to see relics
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churches function
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capitols ornamented with figures and animals
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historiated
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broke away from Benedictine order, built a church specific to them, slightly pointed nave vaults
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Clumiac monks
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monastery courtyard
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Cloister
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real and imagined animals
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bestiaries
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entryways got very detailed, tympanum(main par tin center under arch), lintel(cross part of door), trumeau(center part between double doors)
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Romanesque portal
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christ as the last judge, 1115
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Saint Pierre
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column holding up lintel in portal
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trumeau
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Romanesque sculpture is return to _____ ________ sculpture
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high relief
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church in France, 1120, tympanum showing apostles receiving assignment to preach gospel to the world
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La Madelaine
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rejected sculptural ornamentation, no ambulatory or chapels, structurally sound high pointed arches, white robes
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Cistercian monk
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the abbey church of saint savin-sur-gartempe, unusual mural, not a fresco, 1100
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painted nave
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byzantine composition, christ with the four evangelists, Spain, very flat, Santa Maria de Mur
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Christ in Majesty
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produced reliquaries in the form of saints, small wooden devotional image, placed on chapel altars
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Virgin and Child
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use of stone groin vaults helped create ______ windows, Speyer cathedral, Germany
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clerestory
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low, squatty, broad architecture, typical of Italian romanesque churches, italy, 12th century
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Sant' Ambrogio
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Famous nun, composed religious music; from an aristocratic family; had visions so people sought her advice, German
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Hildegard
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Baptism Jug. Belgium, bulls at bottom, naked christ, classical influences, 1118
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Rainer of Huy
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Housed Pope St. Alexander's remains, cloissone, lots of gold and jewels, mixture of classical and byzantine style, belgium
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Head reliquary of st. alexander
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wall decoration of bright panels of different colors
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incrustation
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free standing bell tower
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campanile
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the place where Baptisms are celebrated; originally a separate building and now typically a section of a church; octagonal
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baptistry of piza
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1059
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Baptistry of san giovanni
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divides nave into 3 equal compartments; like sarcophagi of Junius Bassus
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Diaphragm arches
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rare example of life size statuary in romanesque period 1180, not in contrapposto though, Fidenza, Italy, marble
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Benedetto Antelami
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Division of the exterior of a building into 3 sections - Done to make interior understood from exterior organization
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tripartite division
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a rib vault divided into SIX bays by two diagonal ribs and three transverse ribs
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sexpartite vaults
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groin vaults allowing them to have a taller ceiling and more light
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7 part nave vault
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takes the place of groin in the tribunes, precursor to the flying buttress, a half-arch, a quarter of a circle
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quadrant arch
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A tapestry that recounts the norman invasion of england, propaganda, A piece of linen about 1 Ft.8 in. Wide by 213 ft.long covered with embroidery, 1070, v. detailed and narrative, not a true tapestry since sewn, not loomed, provided historical information to us
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Bayeux Tapestry
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one of the first "self portraits", shows english monk at work, added inscription 'prince among scribes' whose fame would endure
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Eadwine the scribe
