Review Test 1 – World Civ – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
What was the main factor that made it possible for people to settle in permanent communities?
answer
Agriculture, being able to grow their own food, made it both possible and necessary for people to settle in permanent communities.
question
What are similarities between the communities of Catahuyuk and Jericho?
answer
Though archeologists can't be sure, evidence found show that the residents of both communities may have practiced ancestor worship. They also made tools and bartered with other communities. In both communities, the dead were buried under the floors of their houses.
question
Why was the discovery of bronze important to early civilizations?
answer
Bronze could be used to make stronger tools and weapons. This was instrumental in their success in hunting, farming, and warfare.
question
Why did early settlements first develop along rivers?
answer
Settlements grew their own food and needed water for irrigation. Floods provided water for crops and rich soil to grow food.
question
Which is the only species of hominid that still exists today?
answer
Humans, or homo sapiens, are the only hominid that still exists today.
question
How were the Mycenaeans and the Minoans similar?
answer
Resources were limited for both civilizations and so they expanded trade and navigation in and around the Aegean Sea.
question
Why did the Egyptians use the mummification process on their dead?
answer
The Egyptians had a very elaborate belief in the afterlife. At different points they believed that their leaders were gods. The mummification process made sure that their bodies arrive in the afterlife safely and intact.
question
Why was the concept of "One World" or the unification of all people important to Persia?
answer
Persia was such a vast empire - made so by conquering other distinct cultures - it was necessary for them to adopt the customs of other cultures, which made it easier to maintain control of all the different groups of people.
question
What is the significance of the Code of Hammurabi?
answer
It was the first written set of laws - is what it says in your text - but in reality there were two other sets of laws predating the Code of Hammurabi. It is from these laws that we get "an eye for an eye" style of punishment.
question
Why was Mesopotamia's location between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers significant to the development of a civilization?
answer
The rich soil and the proximity to fresh water created a natural area for crop irrigation.
question
Which best illustrates what life was like during the Gupta Empire?
answer
The Gupta Empire in India lasted around 230 years in 320 CE to 550 CE. During this period, science, art, and literature flourished. There was a university that became the center for learning in the world. Extremely detailed and progressive murals in cave temples illustrated graphically what life was like during that period.
question
How did Asoka unify the Mauryan Empire?
answer
Asoka unified the empire by conquering unexplored tribal and forested regions. Asoka also converted from Hinduism to Buddhism and helped make Buddhist temples all over the region.
question
Which religion(s) did the Aryans help shape?
answer
When the Aryans moved into what is today India from Europe they had an elaborate religion and religious texts. After settling in India their religion developed into Hinduism.
question
Which characteristic does ancient India share with other early civilizations, such as the Egyptians, Mesopotamians, and Chinese?
answer
With all civilization, access to water and fertile land was absolutely necessary. All of these are no exception - they all developed along the fertile banks of a river.
question
Which region of India has the highest population?
answer
The Indo-Gangetic Plain has the highest population in India because of the highly fertile alluvial soil.
question
The Brahmans, the highest Hindu caste, consisted mainly of
answer
Priests were at the highest caste in Hinduism, called Brahmans.
question
What are some beliefs of Buddhism?
answer
* follow the middle path to achieve Nirvana. * Four Noble Truths * Eightfold Path * Three Jewels
question
What is a Stupa?
answer
It is a place for Buddhists to meditate - similar to a temple - but often remote and quiet.
question
What was the significance of the Hellenistic culture?
answer
The word Hellenistic comes from "hellas" which is the Greek word for greek. It describes a period following Alexander the Great's massive conquest of areas around the Mesopotamian Sea. As he conquered, he did not destroy unless necessary - instead he spread Greek culture which blended with the cultures he conquered.
question
What are the characteristics of various Greek city-states?
answer
They had common religions, common languages, and common city structure. They did not, however, have a common political system.
question
Which of the following events happened first? Please make note that these dates are BCE so they are counting down to zero.
answer
Alexandria became the center of education 300 BCE Alexander invaded Persia - 331 BCE The Peloponnesian War began - 431 BCE The Persian Wars began - 492 BCE
question
Why did the skill of writing disappear from Mycenaean society?
answer
After the Dorians attacked, the Mycenaean people fled to the hills. Concerned primarily with survival, the Mycenaeans did not continue to use the skill of writing.
question
Which of the following correctly matches the philosopher to his accomplishment?
answer
Aristotle wrote about many academic areas and trained Alexander the Great.
question
What is direct democracy?
answer
During Pericles' rule, Athenian citizens were expected to be actively involved in the political decision-making process. This form of governing is known as a direct democracy.
question
What was the main function of the acropolis?
answer
The main function of an acropolis was to provide protection from attacks.
question
What was a highlight of Pericles' rule?
answer
A highlight of Pericles' rule was rebuilding the Athenian Acropolis, including the Parthenon.
question
Despite the great differences between the city-states, which of the following connected all Greeks?
answer
Concept of citizenship, religious beliefs, and language.
question
What were the two main social classes in Rome?
answer
The patricians and plebeians. As a side note, the first year students at the Naval Academy are called plebeians - or plebes.
question
How did the role of women in Roman society change during the era of the republic?
answer
Women were allowed to own property but could not vote.
question
Why was the power to veto laws significant?
answer
It gave elected officials the power to reject laws made by the senate. This is significant because it allows a check on the power of the senate.
question
How did the plebeians eventually gain a larger role in the Roman Republic?
answer
The plebeians revolted until a tribune was created where they could elect their own representatives.
question
What was the role of the senate in the Roman Republic?
answer
The senate made policy decisions.
question
What defines the term Republic?
answer
It is system of government where people elect representatives to govern.
question
What group of people served in the Tribal Assembly?
answer
Plebeians.
question
What was the name of the code of laws created by the Roman Republic?
answer
The Twelve Tables. According to Roman tradition, the Law of the Twelve Tables was the modern legislation that stood at the foundation of Roman law. The Tables were a sequence of definitions of various private rights and procedures. They generally took for granted such things as the institutions of the family and various rituals for formal transactions. The provisions were often highly specific and diverse, and lack an intelligible system or order
question
Which emperor's reign is known as the Golden Age of ancient Rome?
answer
Augustus. Adopted by Caesar, Augustus (c.62 BC - 14 AD / Reigned 31 BC - 14 AD) had to fight for his throne. His long rule saw a huge expansion in the Roman Empire and the beginnings of a dynasty that, over the next century, would transform Rome, for better and worse.
question
What incident led to Constantine's conversion to Christianity?
answer
He had a vision of a Christian symbol that promised him victory during a crucial battle.
question
The following were sources of tension between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church:
answer
People violently disagreed about praying to icons - in the Orthodox Church, icons (or paintings of saints and Jesus) were an integral part of the church service. The churches disagreed about whether priests should be allowed to marry - in the Orthodox Church they were allowed to marry. And the pope crowned Charlemagne, King of the Franks, as the Roman emperor - which really made the Orthodox Church angry.
question
How did Emperor Augustus promote patriotism during the Golden Age of ancient Rome?
answer
He encouraged influential Roman authors and historians to create works to promote Roman pride. Vergil, Horace, Livy, and Propertius were all writing at that time.
question
How did Romans feel about people who followed religions other than the Roman religion?
answer
Romans were tolerant of other religions as long as their followers were respectful of the Roman religion.
question
What defensive measure did the Romans use to protect Rome in the period of decline after the Five Good Emperors?
answer
They built a wall around the city to keep out invaders.
question
What did King Solomon do to make Israel a strong and rich nation?
answer
He created a large, powerful army and improved transportation.
question
What does majority rule guarantee?
answer
The largest amount of votes decides the laws.
question
What important legal and political concept can be traced to Abraham?
answer
A contract - the idea that once an agreement is made, all parties need to stick to it
question
What is the Christian belief regarding the Messiah?
answer
Jesus Christ is the Messiah. This is an important distinction because the Jewish people were waiting for a Messiah, or savior, to rescue them from the Romans (who were enslaving them). They were expecting a warrior type messiah - so when Jesus came and preached about peace and turning the other cheek, some Jews did not believe he was the messiah promised. Some Jews did believe he was and they became Christian after a couple hundred years.
question
What Judeo-Christian concept did Thomas Jefferson use as the core of the Declaration of Independence?
answer
All people should be treated equally.
question
What are the beliefs of Confucianism and Taoism as they relate to government?
answer
Confucianism supports a strong government; Taoism supports a weak government.
question
What is a basic principle of Confucianism?
answer
Harmony will prevail if people accept their role in society and fulfill their responsibilities to each other.
question
How does the Zhou Mandate of Heaven compare with the U.S. Constitution?
answer
Both were used to give legitimacy to the form of government being established.
question
What is the significance of the oracle bones found at the capital city of the Shang Dynasty?
answer
They showed that a writing system developed during the Shang Dynasty.
question
Language helped unify China because
answer
The written language was the same throughout the country - even if the spoken language was different.
question
What happened in China in the period between the Han and the Sui dynasties?
answer
It was a very confusing period, with many states existing at various times.
question
The Chin Dynasty is divided into two periods because
answer
the Chin fled south when they were defeated by the Huns
question
Why did the Chinese call their country the Middle Kingdom?
answer
They considered China to be in the middle of the world and the most important country in the world.
question
Why is the Song Dynasty divided into two periods, the Northern Song and the Southern Song?
answer
After the first 150 years, the Song Dynasty lost some of its northern territory to invaders and moved its capital south.
question
What were some of Genghis Khan's significant accomplishments?
answer
He united the Mongol tribes, conquered many lands in Asia, and gained the services of many conquered people.
question
In what way does Judaism differ from Islam?
answer
Followers of Judaism believe Moses is a prophet; followers of Islam believe Muhammad is the final prophet.
question
Which option best describes how Islam, Christianity, and Judaism are similar.
answer
Although they follow different practices, all three religions believe in living a moral life and following the will of a higher being.
question
What was the significance of Muhammad's marriage to Khadijah?
answer
It gave him the freedom to meditate on the destiny of humanity.
question
What do followers of Islam have to do?
answer
It requires followers to live a moral life and submit to the will of Allah.
question
A true follower of Islam would be required to do what?
answer
Submit to Allah
question
Who conquered Constantinople in 1453?
answer
the Ottomans
question
Which provides an explanation for the expansion of Islam?
answer
The Muslims created strong central governments in the lands they conquered.
question
What was Pope Urban II's main reason for calling for the First Crusade or "war of the cross"?
answer
To take the Holy Land back from the Islamic Empires
question
The following are ways Islam encouraged science and a flow of information:
answer
It established a house of wisdom in every major city. Islamic architecture used the best ideas from other cultures. It regulated the bazaars.
question
What is the highest form of art for Muslims?
answer
calligraphy
question
How did Ghana expand its kingdom?
answer
by offering protection to smaller tribes
question
What was the significance of the Bantu?
answer
They migrated throughout Africa, causing the spread of one of Africa's largest language groups today.
question
Which statement about Kush's history is true?
answer
Kush controlled all of Egypt at one point.
question
Which Kushite accomplishment reflects the influence of Egyptian culture?
answer
Kushite cursive script was based on hieroglyphics.
question
Which of the following statements about the African deserts is true?
answer
The Sahara covers northern Africa and is the largest desert in the world.
question
What was a common problem in feudal society that the Church tried to stop during holy days and seasons?
answer
private wars among the nobles
question
Which of the following best describes serfs?
answer
peasants who gave their land to the local lords in exchange for protection
question
Which feudal class was NOT determined by birth?
answer
clergy
question
Every noble, except for the lowest one on the social ladder, was the ________ of a lower noble.
answer
suzerain
question
Under the feudal system, a higher noble granted land to a lower noble in exchange for
answer
an oath of loyalty
question
How did early Renaissance paintings depicting religious themes differ from paintings created during the Middle Ages?
answer
They featured more realism and emotion.
question
Why did Italy become the birthplace for the Renaissance movement?
answer
It was home of the ancient Roman Empire. Great works surrounded and inspired the Italian artists and writers.
question
In what way did the printing press contribute to the spread of the Renaissance movement?
answer
It brought ideas to the masses that were previously restricted to the higher classes of society.
question
The innovative architecture of Medieval Europe is best reflected in which type of structure?
answer
churches
question
How has the Renaissance influenced modern society?
answer
It led to changes in art, politics, science, and exploration.
question
Which of the following is true about the Elizabethan Settlement?
answer
It encouraged peaceful coexistence between Catholics and Protestants.
question
How did the foundation of the Church of England differ from the development of other Protestant religions?
answer
Henry VIII wanted to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, so he needed to split from Catholicism and form his own religion.
question
What effect did the printing press have on Europe?
answer
It enabled books to be printed quickly and inexpensively, making them available to commoners.
question
The following practices were sources of contention between the Catholic Church and Martin Luther:
answer
the practice of purchasing religious positions, the concept of papal infallibility and the sale of indulgences
question
Which of the following effects of the Reformation is most obvious in the U.S. government?
answer
The Constitution guarantees that the government will not favor one religion over another.
question
What was the main reason the Puritans left Europe for the New World?
answer
They wanted to live free from religious persecution.
question
Despite Frederick II's success as an enlightened despot, what was his chief failure?
answer
He failed to provide a successor to his throne.
question
What was part of Henry IV's solution to bring peace and unity to France?
answer
He converted back to Catholicism.
question
Which best explains the conflict caused by the Protestant Reformation?
answer
It set Catholics and Protestants against each other throughout the empire.
question
Why was the Act of Settlement in 1701 significant?
answer
It declared that only Protestants could be monarchs in England.
question
What was the significance of the Magna Carta?
answer
It guaranteed individual religious and political rights for all people.
question
Which statement does NOT describe the city of Teotihuacan?
answer
Teotihuacan was the cultural center of the Zapotecs.
question
Which Olmec creation was adopted by most early Mexican cultures?
answer
a game played with a hard rubber ball on a court
question
What was significant about the structure of the Mayan government?
answer
It included a number of independent city-states with competing rulers.
question
Which of the following statements about the Toltecs is true?
answer
They shared common gods and religious beliefs with the Aztecs.
question
How were the Norte Chico and Chavin civilizations similar?
answer
Both civilizations built stone temples.
question
Which of the following is NOT a reason Spain lost its power by the end of the eighteenth century?
answer
Many ships carrying gold, silver, and precious stones to Spain were lost.
question
What was the result of Japan's trade policies with Europe?
answer
Japan was isolated from Europe.
question
Why did Christian missionaries travel to Asia?
answer
to convert new allies against Islam, to trade ideas along the way, to learn about the Mongol Empire
question
What are Prince Henry the Navigator's primary accomplishments?
answer
He opened a center for the study of navigation, he supported research in ship design and mapmaking, he funded many of Portugal's early voyages of exploration.
question
What was the overall impact of the Age of Discovery?
answer
Exploration and the growth in world trade led to social, political, and economic changes all over the world.
question
According to Bartolomi de las Casas, what factor motivated the colonists' treatment of the natives?
answer
They were greedy for more goods.
question
What event ensured England safe passage to colonize North America?
answer
England's defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 opened up the seaways.
question
Which of the following statements about the transatlantic trade routes is true?
answer
Africans traded gold and slaves for European goods.
question
What was the difference between African and European attitudes toward slaves?
answer
Unlike Africans, Europeans wanted the adult males for hard labor.
question
What effect did the growth of chartered companies have on European economies?
answer
The first stock exchanges were created.
