Reconstruction Era (1865 – 1877) – Flashcards
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13th
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amendment that officially BANNED SLAVERY in the US
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14th
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amendment that granted CITIZENSHIP to African-Americans
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15th
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amendment that gave VOTING rights to African-American MEN
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sharecropping
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economic method that was used in the South after the war; did not allow African-Americans to move up in society
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black codes
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laws that were passed to limit African-American freedoms in the South after the Civil War
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carpetbagger
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Northern Republicans who went to the South to make $$$ and rebuild
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scalawag
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white Southern Republicans who supported the North during the war
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Freedman's Bureau
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created in 1865 by congress; provided support for the poor in the South, especially EDUCATION
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Radical Republicans
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group of members of Congress who wanted the Federal government to PUNISH the South after the war
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John Wilkes Booth
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assassin of Abraham Lincoln
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Andrew Johnson
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Lincoln's vice president, was impeached because Congress thought he was abusing his power
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impeach
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the act of removing someone from office; requires 2/3rds of Senate to pass
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10% Plan
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Another name for the Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction
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Reconstruction
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process of reuniting the country and rebuilding the South after the Civil War
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435
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total number of Representatives in the US
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100
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total number of Senators in the US
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Congress
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the name for the combined House of Representatives and Senate
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Wade-Davis Bill
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name for Congress' plan for Reconstruction; more harsh than President's
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segregation
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forced separation of whites and African Americans in public places
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poll tax
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charging money in order to vote; used to prevent African-Americans from voting
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Ulysses S. Grant
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President during the Panic of 1873, battled corruption in his cabinet
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Panic of 1873
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one of the biggest depressions in American history, occurs during Reconstruction
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Compromise of 1877
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an agreement between Republicans & Democrats that ENDED Reconstruction
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Rutherford B. Hayes
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man who became president after the Compromise of 1877, Republican
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James Buchanan
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president BEFORE Lincoln & the Civil War, often considered the WORST president in history
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depression
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an extended period of time when the economy of a country is poor
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conspiracy
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a plot to carry out some harmful or illegal act (especially a political plot)
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Thomas Nast
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"Father of American Cartoons"; drew political cartoons during Reconstruction; created popular images of Santa, Uncle Sam, and the Donkey / Elephant political symbols
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Donkey
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animal used to represent the Democrats; originally used in a campaign against Andrew Jackson
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Elephant
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animal used to represent the Republicans; Thomas Nast decided to use this animal because it was large, powerful, and intelligent
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Nathan Bedford Forrest
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Confederate general who after the war formed the KKK
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Ku Klux Klan
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group of white Southerners who intimidated and used violence to prevent African Americans from achieving equality in the South after the Civil War
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Reconstruction Act of 1867
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required Southern states to approve new constitutions and set up a five districts led by Union generals to keep the peace
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Election of 1876
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one of the closest elections in US History; caused the end of Reconstruction
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Samuel Tilden
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Democratic presidential nominee during the Election of 1876; won 184 votes but ended up losing by 1 electoral vote
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Johnson's Plan
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Reconstruction plan nicknamed "Restoration"; did not punish the South except for the rich & highest ranking Confederate officers; opposed equal rights for African Americans
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Lincoln's Plan
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Reconstruction plan that required 10% of the population to swear loyalty; granted amnesty to all Southerners except Confederate leaders; required new Constitution
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ratify
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to approve a law or amendment
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amnesty
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an offical pardon; prevents you from being trialed for a crime later
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veto
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President's "check" on the Legislative Branch; can reject a bill
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override
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Congress' "check" on the Executive Branch; can overrule a presidential veto with a 2/3 vote in both the Senate & House
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Dred Scott
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the 14th amendment overruled this Supreme Court case in establishing that African Americans born in the US were in fact citizens
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Tenure of Office Act
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created by the Radical Republicans to try and limit the president's power; required all personnel firings to be approved by Congress; Johnson ignored it
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Edwin Stanton
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Sec. of War during the Civil War; took charge after Lincoln was assassinated; was dismissed by Johnson ultimately leading to his impeachment trial
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scandel
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Something illegal and/or immoral that is often times covered up during a presidency; Grant's cabinet was target of three of these
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Whiskey Ring
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scandal during Grant's presidency when his cabinet members siphoned tax money from alcohol into their own bank accounts
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inter
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morpheme meaning "between"
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re
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morpheme meaning "again"
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im
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morpheme meaning "not or into"
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amendment
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official change to the Constitution
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3/4
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fraction of states that must approve an amendment before it can become law
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integration
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public areas that allowed BOTH white and African American people
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New Slavery
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nickname for the Sharecropping system in the South
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speculation
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buying or investing large amounts of money in something hoping to make large profits in the future
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spec
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morpheme meaning "to look or see"
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Coinage Act of 1873
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required all currency in the US to be backed by GOLD; helped cause the Panic of 1873
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railroad
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the major cause of the Panic of 1873; speculation in this caused the banks who funded it to fail
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Panic of 1873 & Whiskey Ring
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two major causes for the loss of the Republicans during the Elections of 1874 and 1876
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deflation
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when there is not enough money available for a population; SHORTAGE of $$$
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inflation
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when there is too much money causing the value of the money to go down; SURPLUS of $$$
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Lincoln
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president who's assassination doomed Reconstruction from the start
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Chinese Exclusion Act
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law passed by Congress during Hayes' presidency that banned a group of people from moving to the United States; Hayes' vetoed the bill but it became law two years later in 1883
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Civil Rights Act of 1866
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guaranteed that everyone, regardless of race or color, were entitled to the same treatment in public areas (inns, theatres, etc.) - ruled unconstitutional during the Slaughterhouse Cases
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redeemers
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Democrats from the South who won elections during Reconstruction and focused on returning the South to economic dominance (including new industries like timber, mining, etc.)
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Slaughterhouse Cases
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series of Supreme Court cases starting in 1873 that challenged the 14th amendment; court ruled that the 14th amendment only protected federal rights and not STATE rights
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cash crops
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plants that are grown in an area and sold for profit; the region depends on them
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literacy test
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some states required African Americans to take these to prove they were educated enough to vote; Jim Crow Law
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grandfather clause
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Southern states did not allow African Americans to vote if any of their relatives had been a slave; Jim Crow Law
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Jim Crow laws
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series of state laws passed after 1877 that segregated African Americans and whites; some placed requirements on African Americans prior to voting
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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Supreme Court case that legalized segregation in the US as long as it was "equal"
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1896
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year Plessy v. Ferguson was ruled on; start of legal segregation in US
