Reality Therapy/SFBT – Flashcards
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Reality Therapy
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present focused and helps people change their thoughts and actions so they can lead more rewarding lives. Philosophical in nature and emphasizes self-determination and process more than results. this approach preaches no-excuses and encourages people to take responsibility for their difficulties and their joys. All humans are born with 5 basic needs,
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Goal of reality therapy
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helping people make choices that increase their happiness and meet their needs without harming others. gives people more control over their lives and helps them assume responsible and rewarding roles in society.
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Role of therapist: Reality therapy
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"guide" people through process of change that helps them become more aware of their needs, recognize the ingredients of a rewarding life, and establish goals and procedures to improve their lives. changing thoughts about wants and needs.
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5 basic needs
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Strength of these give people their personalities. 1. Belonging 2. Power/achievement 3. Fun/enjoyment 4. Freedom/independence 5. Survival
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Mental illness according to reality therapy
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does not believe in diagnosis. mental illness is actually people's failure to meet their five needs in responsible effective ways. problems in choices, need satisfaction and responsibility.
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Mentally healthy people according to Reality therapy
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successful in meeting their 5 basic needs, choose thoughts, feelings, and behaviors wisely and responsibly, have success identity, derive their sense of self from their own internal reference
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Total behavior
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peoples overall functioning; 4 components: acting, thinking, feeling, physiology. People can directly control their acting and thinking and therefore indirectly control their feeling and physiology
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quality world
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pictures or images of the sort of life they would like to have. these pictures guide peoples efforts to satisfy their needs
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WDEP
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procedures involved in reality therapy acronym. keeps treatment focused, productive, and moving towards change.
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wants, direction, evaluation, planning
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W.D.E.P
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Wants
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explore clients' wants and the pictures in their quality world. what are they wanting that they ARE getting and ARE NOT. what are they getting that they DONT WANT. "how do you think your doing this is helping you get what you want?"
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Direction and doing
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exploring peoples total behavior. helping people describe total behavior and goals and impact of their behavior.
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Evaluation
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encourage clients to evaluate their goals, actions, perceptions and the consequences of all these. this is based on whether these behaviors and perceptions are realistic and helpful. clinicians may use questioning to inquire. "how realistic is it that you expect you daughter to never misbehave?"
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Planning
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essential and encourages people to have long range plans and goals that are subdivided into a series of short-term, realistic plans. should evolve from self-evaluation and reflect desired changes in wants and total behavior.
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Reality therapy plans
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simple, attainable, measurable, immediate, involving, in client control, committed, consistent
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actions
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first and easiest to modify. this component of total behavior is the one in which the person has the most control.
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feelings according to reality therapy
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do not need to be addressed directly. provide important sources of into on wants and perceptions.
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Wise choices
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1. help people meet their innate needs and specific wants of their quality world 2. choices are responsible. help meet needs and also respect others. 3. choices are realistic and like to to be attained through sound planning
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language
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important in this approach. use active verbs such as angering or depressing in order to help people take responsibility of their emotions. I and We to emphasize collaboration. what rather than why questions.
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Role of therapist in reality therapy
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"guide" to this team approach. human that uses self-disclosure of perceptions and experiences. asks for feed back. warm, optimistic and encouraging. doesn't take responsibility for client choices but does for direction and success of treatment. uses caring confrontation to highlight discrepancy in the client's thoughts or actions.
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Metaphors
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Reality therapy strategy used to give clients a powerful message in a creative way. (smiles, images, anecdotes). Clinicians also look for ______ and themes clients present.
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Relationships
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Reality therapy strategy that encourages clients to form relationships and coach them on ways to make them rewarding. Time spent together that is effortful, valued, enjoyable, focused on positive, noncritical or argumentative, regular, but time limited and promotes awareness of each other.
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Questions
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Reality therapy strategy that avoids telling people what is not working for them and how they should change. they instead uses carefully structured _______ to help take a look at their lives and determine what does and does not need to change. ex: is what you're doing helping you?
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Positive Additions
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behaviors that provide mental strength and alertness, creativity, energy, confidence and focus, but do not dominate people's lives.
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using "ING" words
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help people to realize they have control over their lives and can choose their total behavior ex: you are depressing rather than depressed
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Reasonable consequences
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Reality therapy believes people should experience the consequences of their behaviors. do not advocate excuses.
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Renegotiation
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Reality therapists use this to help people do something different.
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Paradoxical interventions
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Reality therapy strategy used as creative ways to encourage people to take responsibility for themselves. Two ways: reframing and paradoxical subscriptions
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paradoxical subscriptions
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imagine the worst that could happen and find ways to cope. choose symptoms rather than fight, do the opposite of what is not working, schedule a relapse.
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Skill development
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skills to fulfill needs and wants in responsible ways. ex: assertiveness, rational thinking, positive addictions
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Solution-focused brief therapy
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focuses on present and future. seeks solutions. brief, progress is regularly measured by results. emphasizes behavioral change as most effective and efficient way to improve lives. values planning, focus on wants and goals, builds on success.
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Making it different from other treatment approaches, SFBT
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does not offer detailed understanding of human development or address the impact of past experiences on present difficulties (behavioral focuses on learning, reinforcement etc.) does not claim to treat mental disorders successfully
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Solution-focused brief therapy cont.
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People have the ability to resolve their difficulties successfully but have temporarily lost confidence, direction or awareness of resources. assumes that people are doing the best they can at any given time. exceptions to the problem are clues to effective solutions.
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Goals of SFBT
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increase people's hope and optimism by creating and expectancy of change. increase awareness of what is working for them.
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Counselor in SFBT
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flexible. collaborative. warmth and active listening. active using a wide range of interventions. respectful. do not confront or lecture. things cannot not change. enable clients to set meaningful and viable goals to achieve resolution. sometimes solutions may not directly relate to the problem "skeleton key".
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Identifying a solvable complaint
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step 1: facilitates development of goals and interventions. clinician and client collaborate to create images that place their solutions in the client's control. problems are viewed as normal and capable of change. "what lead you here today? or "what do YOU want to change?" vs. "what is bothering you"
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Cause of dysfunction in solution focused
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unsuccessful interactions with others or mishandling everyday experiences. the solution has become the problem.
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Establishing goals
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Step 2: collaborate with the clients to determine goals that are specific, observable, measurable, and concrete. there come in three forms: changing the doing, changing the viewing, accessing resources.
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Miracle question
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SFBT intervention; one of the most useful ways to establish treatment goals. this will usually provide clinicians with potential solutions. suppose the problem has been solved over night. how would you know? what would be different? what will your spouse notice?
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designing and intervention
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Step 3: draw on both understanding of their clients and strategies. what worked in the past? how did you make that happen?
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Strategic tasks
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Step 4: promote change. written down to understood and agreed upon. maximize client cooperation and success. 3 types: -giving clients compliments -giving clients observation tasks -action tasks
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Positive new behaviors and changes are identified and emphasized
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Step 5: when clients return after they have been given a task. ask them questions focused on change, progress and possibilities. "how did things go differently when you did that?"
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Stabilization
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Step 6: helps people consolidate their gains and gradually shift their perspectives in more effective and hopeful directions.
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Termination
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Step 7: often initiated by clients who have now accomplished their goals. clinician makes sure to let the client know they may return. the more immediate concerns are solves the more confidence the client will build regarding their strength and problem solving ability.
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Finding solutions
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SFBT- guidelines to helping clinicians work with clients to find _________s. view clients as experts, assume they have strengths and resources, build on positive exceptions, interrupt nonproductive sequences, interventions should match world views, learn from past solutions, compliments, encourage new behaviors, create an expectancy for change, practical and specific
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Scaling question
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SFBT intervention; used to measure change and inquire upon changes or solutions to get there
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Create and environment that is conducive to change
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SFBT intervention (way of being); tone of voice, metaphorical stories, suggestions embedded in discussions
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Identifying exceptions
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SFBT intervention; finding the time/s things were different. this can lead to solutions. encouragement of times when their difficulties were absent. "How does your day go differently without the problem?", "How did you resolve this concern before?"
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Solution talk
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SFBT intervention; clinicians use of language that increases clients hope and optimism, their sense of control, and openness to the possibilities to change. - open questions -presuppositional language (problems temp.) "when" -externalize the problem -normalizing the problem -focus on coping behavior "how do you manage to keep going?" -reinforce strengths -reframing -hypothetical solutions
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Make suggestions
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SFBT intervention; types include: hw assignments, solutions prescriptions
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Complaint pattern intervention
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helps clients to get "unstuck", modify unhelpful patterns, and move forward. changing frequency, adding or subtracting and element
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Videotalk
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SFBT intervention; encourages clients to describe their concerns in action terms, as thought they are viewing themselves. once the action has been described the clinician can suggest alterations that are likely to effect positive change.
