Quiz 5 – Flashcard Test Answers
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Research suggests that once people learn something:
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It is always present somewhere in memory.
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Ivan Pavlov was a Russian _____ who spent his life studying classical conditioning.
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Physiologist
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An unlearned, involuntary response, such as salivating when presented with food, is
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A reflex
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A stimulus that has no effect on the desired people is a(n):
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Neutral stimulus
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When a previously neutral stimulus, through repeated pairing with the unconditioned stimulus, begins to cause the same kind of reflexive response, the neutral stimulus has become:
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A conditioned stimulus
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The repeated pairing of the NS and the UCS is called
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Acquisition
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In classical conditioning, the actual response involved in a CR and a UCR are the same. (For example, it might be salivation in both cases.) However, what makes that response (salivation) considered conditioned or unconditioned depends on:
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Whether the subject is responding to a UCS or a CS
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For classical conditioning to be effective, the conditioned stimulus must be
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Distinctive
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Four year old Joshua reacts with anxiety to the sound of the thunder. A chair slides across the wooden floor, making a sound similar to thunder. Joshua reacts with some slight anxiety. This is an example of:
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Stimulus generalization
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When Pavlov stopped giving the dogs door after the real CS, they stopped salivating to the sound of the ticking. This is called:
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Extinction
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In John Watson's experiment with "Little Albert," he demonstrated that
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Human emotional responses could be conditioned
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When children witness other children cry when getting a vaccination and the witnesses then cry before the needle even touches them, it is an example of:
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Vicarious conditioning
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An example of a conditioned taste aversion:
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When coyotes ate sheep laced with lithium chloride, got extremely sick that one time, then stopped eating sheep meat
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Voluntary behavior, to Skinner, was ____ behavior.
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Operant
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The heart of operant conditioning is the effect of _____ on behavior.
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Consequences
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_____ is more resistant to extinction than _____.
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Partial reinforcement; continuous reinforcement
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Fishing is an example of an activity with a
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Variable interval schedule of reinforcement
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Layla's new puppy keeps chewing the bottoms of her favorite curtains. Now, whenever Layla sees the puppy begin chewing, she turns on a device that makes a continuous loud, annoying sound. She will not turn it off until the puppy stops chewing. Layla is using which technique to change the puppy's behavior?
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Negative reinforcement
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Anna's mother scolds her for lying. Anna's mother is using:
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Punishment by application
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Most of the time, punishment
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Will only temporarily suppress a behavior
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A modern term for a form of behavior modification that uses shaping techniques to mold a desired behavior or response is
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Applied behavior analysis (ABA)
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The second group of rats in Tolman's maze experiment was not reinforced for finding the exit until the tenth day. Once they started getting reinforcement, the rats:
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Learned to find the exit almost immediately
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Kohler's chimpanzee experiment involved:
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A chimp fitting one stick into another stick to reach out of his cage for a banana.
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Bandura conducted some of his research to study
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Possible links between children's exposure to violence on television and aggressive behavior towards others.
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A five year old watches his father dunk a basketball. Since the child is unable to reach the basket in the way his father can, the child cannot learn this behavior by observing because he cannot accomplish the step of:
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Imitation
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Whenever you rake a shower in your bathroom at home, the water in the shower turns icy cold just as the toilet in another bathroom is flushed, causing you to cringe. After several experiences of this occurrence, you find that you tend to cringe whenever you hear a toilet flush, even when you're not in the shower. In this example of classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned stimulus?
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The cold water.
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Dr. Rubio is conducting an experiment in classical conditioning. Shortly after playing music, she places a loaf of bread on the window sill outside her office window. After doing this a number of times, she notices that now, just as she begins to play her music, several birds fly to her window even before she presents the bread. IN this example, the conditioned stimulus is?
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The music
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Theo gets excited whenever he finds a quarter lying on the ground outside. While walking home from school one day, Theo noticed a shiny round object lying on the sidewalk and became very excited. He soon realized that the object was a bottle cap and his excitement quickly dissipated. Which of the following concepts is demonstrated in this example?
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Stimulus generalization
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Shortly after eating a piece of his great aunt's famous coconut cake, which he's had many times, Amad became very nauseous. Now, whenever his great aunt offers him a piece of cake, Amad quickly declines. Which of the following concepts best explains Amad's change in behavior?
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Conditioned taste aversion
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After passing his chemistry exam, Tito was told by his parents that he would be able to have access to the family car for a week. Tito's parents' are using ____
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Positive reinforcement
