Quiz 2 ana – Flashcards

Which of the following bones is classified as "irregular" in shape? A) patella B) frontal C) vertebra D) metatarsal E) ulna

The proximal and distal ends of a long bone are called the A) epiphyses. B) diaphyses. C) epiphyseal plates. D) metaphyses. E) periphyses.

The carpal bones are examples of ________ bones. A) long B) short C) flat D) irregular E) sesamoid

The patella is an example of a(n) ________ bone. A) irregular B) sesamoid C) sutural D) sagittal E) flat

Small bones that fill gaps between bones of the skull are called ________ bones. A) irregular B) sesamoid C) sutural D) sagittal E) tendon

The region of a long bone between the end and the shaft is known as the A) diaphysis. B) epiphysis. C) osseophysis. D) metaphysis. E) medullary cavity.

Which of the following labels best matches osteocyte? A) stem cell B) dissolves matrix C) mature bone cell D) secretes organic matrix E) immature bone cell

Cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called A) osteocytes. B) osteoprogenitor cells. C) osteoblasts. D) osteoclasts. E) osteoid cells.

________ are squamous stem cells that develop into osteoblasts. A) Osteoclasts B) Osteocytes C) Osteomedullary cells D) Osteoprogenitor cells E) Osteoid cells

Through the action of osteoclasts, A) new bone is formed. B) an organic framework is formed. C) bony matrix is dissolved. D) osteoid is calcified. E) fractured bones regenerate

The space occupied by an osteocyte is called A) Volkmann's canal. B) a lacuna. C) a trabecula. D) a Haversian canal. E) a canaliculus.

________ account(s) for almost two-thirds of the weight of bone. A) Water B) Calcium carbonate C) Collagen fibers D) Fluoride E) Calcium phosphate

________ cells are located in the inner cellular layer of the periosteum. A) Osteocyte B) Osteoclast C) Osteoid D) Osteoprogenitor E) Osteolytic

The narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes are called A) central canals. B) lacunae. C) canaliculi. D) medullary cavities. E) foramina.

The central canal of an osteon contains A) bone marrow. B) osteocytes. C) concentric lamellae. D) blood vessels. E) lacunae.

The structural units of mature compact bone are called A) trabeculae. B) osteocytes. C) osteons. D) canaliculi. E) lamellae.

Adipose tissue is stored within the A) medullary cavity. B) metaphysis. C) spongy bone. D) epiphysis. E) diaphysis.

The lining of the medullary cavity is called the A) endosteum. B) periosteum. C) epiosteum. D) mediosteum. E) paraosteum.

The layers of bone tissue immediately deep to the periosteum are A) circumferential lamellae. B) osteoid plates. C) trabeculae. D) concentric lamellae. E) epiphseal ridges.

Which statement is true regarding calcium in bone matrix? A) Calcium is found in crystals called hydroxyapatite. B) Calcium is secreted by osteoblasts into the matrix. C) Once deposited, calcium cannot be removed from bone. D) Calcium provides flexibility to the bone matrix. E) Calcium is the organic part of the matrix

When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone, A) puberty begins. B) interstitial bone growth begins. C) appositional bone growth begins. D) long bones have reached their adult length. E) the bone becomes more brittle.

In normal adult bones, A) there is no turnover of minerals. B) a portion of the protein and mineral content is replaced each year. C) osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity, once bone has been formed. D) osteoclasts continue to be active long after osteoblast activity ceases. E) exercise will have no effect on bone remodeling.

A lack of exercise could A) cause bones to become thicker. B) cause bones to store more calcium. C) result in porous and weak bones. D) cause bones to become longer. E) cause bones to lose their medullary cavity

Where in the body does the production of precursors for the synthesis of calcitriol occur? A) bone B) kidneys C) small intestine D) liver E) skin

The most abundant mineral in the human body is A) sodium. B) potassium. C) phosphorus. D) calcium. E) hydrogen.

Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone A) calcitonin. B) thyroid hormone. C) parathyroid hormone. D) growth hormone. E) testosterone.

The hormone calcitonin functions to A) stimulate osteoclast activity. B) decrease the rate of calcium excretion. C) decrease the rate of calcium absorption. D) decrease the level of calcium ion in the blood. E) stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclasts.

Parathyroid hormone functions in all of the following ways except A) stimulating osteoclast activity. B) increasing the rate of calcium absorption. C) decreasing the rate of calcium excretion. D) raising the level of calcium ion in the blood. E) inhibiting calcitonin secretion.

The organic component of the matrix in developing or repairing bone is called A) osteon. B) osteoid. C) hydroxyapatite. D) mesenchymal tissue. E) calcium phosphate.

The superficial membrane of a bone is called the A) endosteum. B) ectosteum. C) cortical membrane. D) periosteum. E) osteoid collar.

During the process of ________, an existing tissue is replaced by bone. A) phosphorylation B) resorption C) ossification D) osteopropagation E) remodeling

Which of the following is formed by intramembranous ossification? A) roof of the skull B) carpal bones C) femur D) clavicle E) the roof of the skull and the clavicle

The following are important steps in the process of endochondral ossification. What is the correct order for these events? 1. Enlarged chondrocytes die. 2. Osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage with spongy bone. 3. Chondrocytes enlarge and the surrounding matrix begins to calcify. 4. Blood vessels grow around the edges of the cartilage. 5. Perichondrial cells become osteoblasts and produce a superficial layer of bone. A) 3, 1, 5, 4, 2 B) 1, 3, 5, 4, 2 C) 1, 5, 3, 4, 2 D) 2, 3, 1, 5, 4 E) 3, 1, 4, 5, 2

Intramembranous ossification begins with differentiation of ________ cells. A) osteoclast B) osteolytic C) mesenchymal D) osteoblast E) osteocyte

Intramembranous ossification A) produces flat bones, as in the bones of the roof of the skull. B) explains how a juvenile's bone can grow in length. C) occurs in the diaphysis of a long bone. D) occurs inside a bag of cartilage. E) occurs in all bones before birth.

Bone growth in length occurs by mitosis of A) concentric lamellae. B) cartilage cells in the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis. C) growth of trabeculae. D) osteoblasts in the endosteum. E) cartilage cells in the diaphyseal side of the metaphysis