question

algorithm

answer

A set of specific steps for solving a category of problems

question

bug

answer

an error in a program

question

comment

answer

in a program that is meant for other programmers (or anyone reading the source code) and has no effect on the execution of the program

question

token

answer

basic elements of a language(letters, numbers, symbols)

question

high-level language

answer

A programming language like Python that is designed to be easy for humans to read and write.

question

low-level langauge

answer

A programming language that is designed to be easy for a computer to execute; also called machine language or assembly language

question

print

answer

A function used in a program or script that causes the Python interpreter to display a value on its output device.

question

runtime error

answer

An error that does not occur until the program has started to execute but that prevents the program from continuing.

question

semantic error

answer

An error in a program that makes it do something other than what the programmer intended.

question

semantic

answer

the meaning of a program

question

syntax

answer

The structure of a program

question

syntax error

answer

An error in a program that makes it impossible to parse — and therefore impossible to interpret.

question

string

answer

contains a string of letters

question

variable

answer

name that refers to a value

question

assignment statement

answer

gives value to a variable

question

keyword

answer

define the language's syntax rules and structure, and they cannot be used as variable names

question

statement

answer

instruction that the Python interpreter can execute

question

operators

answer

special tokens that represent computations like addition, multiplication and division

question

modulus operator

answer

%, works on integers (and integer expressions) and gives the remainder when the first number is divided by the second

question

evaluate

answer

To simplify an expression by performing the operations in order to yield a single value.

question

int

answer

A Python data type that holds positive and negative whole numbers

question

float

answer

A Python data type which stores floating-point numbers. Floating-point numbers are stored internally in two parts: a base and an exponent. When printed in the standard format, they look like decimal numbers

question

flow of execution

answer

The order in which statements are executed during a program run.

question

function

answer

A named sequence of statements that performs some useful operation. Functions may or may not take parameters and may or may not produce a result

question

fruitful function

answer

A function that returns a value when it is called.

question

local variable

answer

A variable defined inside a function. A local variable can only be used inside its function. Parameters of a function are also a special kind of local variable.

question

parameter

answer

A name used inside a function to refer to the value which was passed to it as an argument.

question

boolean function

answer

A function that returns a Boolean value. The only possible values of the bool type are False and True.

question

None

answer

A special Python value. One use in Python is that it is returned by functions that do not execute a return statement with a return argument.

question

block

answer

A group of consecutive statements with the same indentation.

question

boolean expression

answer

An expression that is either true or false.

question

conditional statement

answer

A statement that controls the flow of execution depending on some condition. In Python the keywords if, elif, and else are used for conditional statements.

question

conditional statement

answer

One program structure within another, such as a conditional statement inside a branch of another conditional statement

question

type conversion

answer

An explicit function call that takes a value of one type and computes a corresponding value of another type.

question

definite iteration

answer

A loop where we have an upper bound on the number of times the body will be executed. Definite iteration is usually best coded as a for loop

question

increment

answer

Both as a noun and as a verb, increment means to increase by 1.

question

iteration

answer

Repeated execution of a set of programming statements.

question

nested loop

answer

A loop inside the body of another loop.

question

trace

answer

To follow the flow of execution of a program by hand, recording the change of state of the variables and any output produced.

question

aliases

answer

Multiple variables that contain references to the same object.

question

clone

answer

To create a new object that has the same value as an existing object. Copying a reference to an object creates an alias but doesn't clone the object.

question

compound data type

answer

A data type that is itself made up of elements that are themselves values.

question

decrement

answer

To subtract one from a variable.

question

dictionary

answer

A collection of key/value pairs that maps from keys to values.

question

exception

answer

Raised by the runtime system if something goes wrong while the program is running.

question

file

answer

A named entity, usually stored on a hard drive, floppy disk, or CD-ROM, that contains a stream of characters.

question

format operator

answer

The % operator takes a format string and a tuple of values and generates a string by inserting the data values into the format string at the appropriate locations.

question

global variable

answer

Can be seen through a program module, even inside of functions.

question

immutable type

answer

A compound data type whose elements can NOT be assigned new values.

question

iteration

answer

To repeat a section of code.

question

mutable type

answer

A compound data type whose elements can be assigned new values.

question

nested list

answer

A list that is itself contained within a list.

question

operator

answer

A special symbol that represents a simple computation like addition, multiplication, or string concatenation.

question

pixel

answer

Smallest addressable element of a picture.

question

proprioception

answer

on a robot, internal sensing mechanisms. On a human, a sense of the relative positions of different parts of ones own body.

question

recursion

answer

The process of calling the currently executing function.

question

robot

answer

mechanism or an artificial entity that can be guided by automatic controls.

question

sequence

answer

A data type that is made up of elements organized linearly, with each element accessed by an integer index.

question

short circuit evaluation

answer

When a boolean expression is evaluated the evaluation starts at the left hand expression and proceeds to the right, stopping when it is no longer necessary to evaluate any further to determine the final outcome.

question

slice

answer

A copy of part of a sequence specified by a series of indices.

question

str

answer

converts to a string

question

traverse

answer

To repeat an operation on all members of a set from the start to the end.

question

argument

answer

a value provided to a function when the function is called. This value is assigned to the corresponding parameter in the function.

question

integer division

answer

An operation that divides one integer by another and yields an integer. Integer division yields only the whole number of times that the numerator is divisible by the denominator and discards any remainder.

question

element

answer

One of the values in a list (or other sequence). The bracket operator selects elements of a list.

question

lambda

answer

A piece of code which can be executed as if it were a function but without a name. (It is also a keyword used to create such an anonymous function.)

question

module

answer

A file containing definitions and statements intended to be imported by other programs.

question

What is the disadvantage of coding in one long sequence structure?

answer

If parts of the duplicated code have to be corrected, the correction has to be made many times.

question

What type of loop structure repeats the code a specific number of times

answer

Count-controlled loop

question

What type of loop structure repeats the code based on the value of the Boolean expression

answer

Condition-controlled loop

question

What is the format for the while clause in Python

answer

while condition : statement

question

What are the values that the variable num contains through the iterations of the following for loop? for num in range(2, 9, 2)

answer

2, 4, 6, 8

question

What are the values that the variable num contains through the iterations of the following for loop? for num in range(4)

answer

0, 1, 2, 3

question

The variable used to keep the running total

answer

Accumulator

question

What is not an example of an augmented assignment operator

answer

<=

question

_____ is the process of inspecting data that has been input to a program to make sure it is valid before it is used in a computation.

answer

Input validation

question

The first input operation is called the _____, and its purpose is to get the first input value that will be tested by the validation loop.

answer

Priming read

question

What is the structure that causes a statement or a set of statements to execute repeatedly?

answer

Repetition

question

When will the following loop terminate? while keep_on_going != 999 :

answer

When keep_on_going refers to a value not equal to 999

question

In Python, a comma-separated sequence of data items that are enclosed in a set of brackets is called a _____.

answer

list

question

In Python, the variable in the for clause is referred to as the _____ because it is the target of an assignment at the beginning of each loop iteration.

answer

Target Variable

question

Which of the following represents an example to calculate the sum of the numbers (accumulator)?

answer

total += number

question

True/False: A better way to repeatedly perform an operation is to write the statements for the task once, and then place the statements in a loop that will repeat the statements as many times as necessary.

answer

True

question

True/False: In flowcharting, the decision structure and the repetition structure both use the diamond symbol to represent the condition that is tested.

answer

True

question

True/False: The first line in the while loop is referred to as the condition clause.

answer

True

question

True/False: In Python, an infinite loop usually occurs when the computer accesses the wrong memory address.

answer

False

question

True/False: Both of the following for clauses would generate the same number of loop iterations: for num in range(4): for num in range(1,5):

answer

False

question

True/False: The integrity of a program's output is only as good as the integrity of its input. For this reason the program should discard input that is invalid and prompt the user to enter correct data.

answer

True

question

True/False: In a nested loop, the inner loop goes through all of its iterations for every single iteration of an outer loop.

answer

True

question

True/False: To get the total number of iterations of a nested loop, multiply the number of iterations of all the loops.

answer

True

question

A(n) ?? structure causes a statement or set of statements to execute repeatedly.

answer

Repetition

question

A(n) ??-controlled loop causes a statement or set of statements to repeat as long as a condition is true.

answer

Condition

question

The while loop is known as a(n) ?? loop because it tests conditions before performing an iteration.

answer

Pretest

question

In Python, you would use the ?? statement to write a count-controlled loop.

answer

For

question

A(n) ?? total is a sum of numbers that accumulates with each iteration of a loop.

answer

Running

question

A(n) ?? is a special value that marks the end of a sequence of items.

answer

Sentinel

question

The acronym ?? refers to the fact that the computer cannot tell the difference between good data and bad data.

answer

GIGO

question

A(n) ?? validation loop is sometimes called an error trap or an error handler.

answer

Input

question

The ?? function is a built-in function that generates a list of integer values.

answer

Range

question

Programs are commonly referred to as

answer

software

question

Which of the following is considered to be the world's first programmable electronic computer

answer

ENIAC

question

Where does a computer store a program and the data that the program is working with while the program is running?

answer

Main memory

question

What type of volatile memory is usually used only for temporary storage while running a program?

answer

RAM

question

Which of the following is not a microprocessor manufacturing company?

answer

Dell

question

Which computer language uses short words known as mnemonics for writing programs?

answer

Assembly

question

The process known as the _____ cycle is used by the CPU to execute instructions in a program.

answer

fetch-decode-execute

question

The following is an example of an instruction written in which computer language? 10110000

answer

Machine language

question

What is the encoding technique called that is used to store negative numbers in the computer's memory?

answer

two's complement

question

The _____ coding scheme contains a set of 128 numeric codes that are used to represent characters in the computer memory.

answer

ASCII

question

What is the largest value that can be stored in one byte?

answer

255

question

The smallest storage location in a computer's memory

answer

bit

question

The disk drive is a secondary storage device that stores data by _____ encoding it onto a spinning circular disk.

answer

magnetically

question

A _____ has no moving parts, and operates faster than a traditional disk drive.

answer

solid state drive

question

True/False: A software developer is the person with the training to design, create, and test computer programs.

answer

True

question

True/False: A computer is a single device that performs different types of tasks for its users.

answer

False

question

True/False: The CPU is able to quickly access data stored at any random location in ROM.

answer

False

question

True/False: All programs are normally stored in ROM and loaded into RAM as needed for processing.

answer

False

question

True/False: The instruction set for a microprocessor is unique and is typically understood only by the microprocessors of the same brand.

answer

True

question

True/False: The CPU understands instructions written in a binary machine language.

answer

True

question

True/False: The main reason for using secondary storage is to hold data for long periods of time, even when the power supply to the computer is turned off.

answer

True

question

True/False: RAM is a volatile memory used for temporary storage while a program is running.

answer

True

question

True/False: The Python language uses a compiler, which is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high level language.

answer

False

question

A(n) _______________ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.

answer

program

question

The term _______________ refers to all of the physical devices that a computer is made of.

answer

hardware

question

The _______________ is the part of a computer that actually runs programs and is the most important component in a computer.

answer

cpu

question

_______________ are small central processing unit chips.

answer

micro processors

question

Main memory is commonly known as _______________.

answer

RAM

question

_______________ is a type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer.

answer

secondary storage

question

A disk drive stores data by _______________ encoding it onto a circular disk.

answer

magnetically

question

The Python _______________ is a program that can read Python programming statements and execute them.

answer

interpreter

question

In _______________ mode, the interpreter reads the contents of a file that contains Python statements and executes each statement.

answer

script

question

What type of error produces incorrect results but does not prevent the program from running?

answer

logic

question

The program development cycle is made up of _____ steps that are repeated until no errors can be found in the program.

answer

3

question

What is the informal language that programmers use to create models of programs that have no syntax rules and are not meant to be compiled or executed?

answer

pseudocode

question

The _____ function reads a piece of data that has been entered at the keyboard and returns that piece of data, as a string, back to the program.

answer

input

question

Which mathematical operator is used to raise five to the second power in Python?

answer

**

question

In a print statement, you can set the _____ argument to a space or empty string to stop the output from advancing to a new line.

answer

end

question

After the execution of the following statement, the variable sold will reference the numeric literal value as a(n) _____ data type: sold = 256.752

answer

float

question

After the execution of the following statement, the variable price will reference the value _____. price = int(68.549)

answer

68

question

The output of the following print statement is: print 'I'm ready to begin'

answer

I'm ready to begin

question

If value1 is 2.0 and value2 is 12, what is the output of the following command? print(value1 * value2)

answer

24.0

question

The _____ built-in function is used to read a number that has been typed on the keyboard.

answer

input()

question

What is the output of the following print statement? print('The path is D:sampletest.')

answer

The path is D:sampletest

question

What symbol is used to mark the beginning and end of a string?

answer

Quotation

question

True/False: According to the behavior of integer division, when an integer is divided by an integer, the result will be a float.

answer

False

question

True/False: Python allows programmers to break a statement into multiple lines.

answer

True

question

True/False: Python formats all floating-point numbers to two decimal places when outputting using the print statement.

answer

False

question

True/False: Computer programs typically perform three steps: Input is received, some process is performed on the input, and output is produced.

answer

True

question

True/False: In Python, print statements written on separate lines do not necessarily output on separate lines.

answer

True

question

True/False: The t escape character causes the output to skip over to the next horizontal tab.

answer

True

question

_______________ are notes of explanation that document lines or sections of a program.

answer

comments

question

The % symbol is the remainder operator and it is also known as the _______________ operator.

answer

modulus

question

A(n) _______________ character is a special character that is preceded with a backslash, appearing inside a string literal.

answer

escape

question

The _______________ specifier is a special set of characters that specify how a value should be formatted.

answer

formatting

question

When applying the .3f formatting specifier to the following number, 76.15854, the result is _______________.

answer

76.159

question

A(n) _______________ is a name that represents a value stored in the computer's memory.

answer

variable

question

Python uses _______________ to categorize values in memory.

answer

data types

question

When the + operator is used with two strings, it performs string _______________.

answer

Concatenation

question

A(n) _____ structure is a logical design that controls the order in which a set of statements execute.

answer

control

question

The decision structure that has two possible paths of execution is known as _____.

answer

double alternative

question

Multiple Boolean expressions can be combined by using a logical operator to create _____ expressions.

answer

compound

question

When using the _____ operator, one or both subexpressions must be true for the compound expression to be true.

answer

Or

question

Which logical operators perform short-circuit evaluation?

answer

or, and

question

True/False: The if statement causes one or more statements to execute only when a Boolean expression is true.

answer

True

question

Boolean variable can reference one of two values: _____.

answer

true or false

question

True/False: The Python language is not sensitive to block structuring of code.

answer

False

question

True/False: Python allows you to compare strings, but it is not case sensitive.

answer

False

question

True/False: Nested decision structures are one way to test more than one condition.

answer

True

question

True/False: The not operator is a unitary operator and it must be a compound expression.

answer

False

question

True/False: Short-circuit evaluation is performed with the not operator.

answer

False

question

True/False: Expressions that are tested by the if statement are called Boolean expressions.

answer

True

question

True/False: Decision structures are also known as selection structures.

answer

True

question

True/False: An action in a single alternative decision structure is performed only when the condition is true.

answer

True

question

The _______________ statement is used to create a decision structure.

answer

If

question

In flowcharting, the _______________ symbol is used to represent a Boolean expression.

answer

diamond

question

A(n) _______________ decision structure provides only one alternative path of execution.

answer

single alternative

question

In a decision structure, the action is _______________ executed because it is performed only when a certain condition is true.

answer

conditionally

question

A(n) _______________ operator determines whether a specific relationship exists between two values.

answer

relational

question

A(n) _______________ statement will execute one block of statements if its condition is true, or another block if its condition is false.

answer

if/else

question

Python provides a special version of a decision structure known as the _______________ statement, which makes the logic of the nested decision structure simpler to write

answer

if elif else

question

The logical _______________ operator reverses the truth of a Boolean expression.

answer

not

question

Boolean variables are commonly used as _______________ to indicate whether a specific condition exists.

answer

flags

question

A(n) _______________ expression is made up of two or more Boolean expressions.

answer

compound

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