Psychopathology Ch. 4
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Which of the following does NOT characterize the mood state known as anxiety? a. Increased heart rate b. Physical tension c. euphoric mood d. Subjective sense of unease
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c
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The alarm reaction to danger that is triggered by anxiety primarily involves the ________ nervous system. a. autonomic b. parasympathetic c. peripheral d. somatic
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a
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According to the textbook, the experience of fear can be described as a(n) a. immediate alarm reaction to danger. b. Irrational response. c. neurotic response. d. Culture-specific phenomenon.
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a
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Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding anxiety? a. Anxiety is an evolutionary flaw. b. Anxiety used to have a function in our ancestors' time, but is no longer relevant to modern humans c. Anxiety is good for us because it enhances performance d. Anxiety is sometimes good for us; it enhances performance to an extent, but too much of it can hinder performance too.
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d
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Hideki was attending his fifth baseball game at Condor Stadium, where he had previously had a panic attack. He did not know if he would have a panic attack today, but shortly after entering the stadium, he did. This type of panic attack is a. situationally predisposed. b. situationally bound. c. cued. d. uncued.
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a
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Which type of panic attack is most closely related to phobias? a. Situationally predisposed b. Situationally bound c. Unexpected d. Uncued
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b
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DSM criteria of panic attacks include all of the following symptoms EXCEPT a. sweating. b. Fear of losing control or going crazy. c. trembling or shaking. d. migraine headaches.
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d
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Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the heredity of anxiety? a. An inherited tendency can make us tense or uptight. b. A single gene makes us vulnerable to anxiety. c. Panic disorder does not run in families. d. Environmental stress is the direct cause of panic disorder.
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a
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The area of the brain most often associated with anxiety is the a. limbic system. b. pons. c. occipital lobe. d. medulla.
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a
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According to Jeffrey Gray, a British neuropsychologist, the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) is activated by danger signals ________, resulting in the experience of anxiety. a. ascending from the brain stem b. descending from the cortex c. arising from both the brain stem and the cortex d. within the amygdala only
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c
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According to research by Johnson et al., 2000, an increased risk of developing anxiety disorders was found among teenagers who a. smoked marijuana. b. smoked cigarettes. c. drank alcohol. d. used steroids.
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b
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Research by Barlow (2002) and others indicates that vulnerability to anxiety disorders is related to a. one's sense of control over environmental events. b. the number of unexpected occurrences in one's life. c. the number of siblings in one's family. d. genetic or biological factors only.
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a
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Which of the following terms is most associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)? a. Fear b. Panic c. Worry d. Emotion
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c
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In what way can worry be useful? a. It helps us plan for the future. b. It makes sure we are prepared for a task. c. It makes us double check that we have thought of everything before leaving on a trip. d. All of the above
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d
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All of the following are symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) EXCEPT a. muscle tension. b. Susceptibility to fatigue.. c. insomnia. d. hypersomnia.
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d
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Research studies have found that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is most common among a. young adult males. b. teenaged girls. c. adults over 45 years old. d. the elderly.
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c
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Which physiological measure consistently distinguishes individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) from nonanxious normal subjects? a. Increased muscle tension b. Increased heart rate c. Decreased EEG beta activity d. Decreased skin conductance levels
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a
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For generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), the typical pharmacological treatment of choice has been the category of drugs known as a. benzodiazepines. b. SSRIs. c. tricyclics. d. MAO inhibitors.
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a
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In the early 1990s, Barlow and others developed a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) that helps the patient a. avoid feelings of anxiety as well as the negative images associated with those feelings. b. confront anxiety-provoking thoughts and images. c. adjust medication levels as needed to cope with the anxiety. d. analyze the unconscious sources of the anxiety.
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b
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Agoraphobic avoidance behavior appears to be determined by a. how recently the last panic attack occurred. b. the extent to which the person expects another panic attack to occur. c. the number of panic attacks the person has had in the past. d. how severe the panic attacks have been.
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b
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Panic disorder is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT? a. severe, unexpected rushes of fear or discomfort b. close relationship to agoraphobia c. belief that one is going crazy or dying when suffering a panic attack d. Preoccupation with minor daily events.
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d
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Nocturnal panic attacks generally occur when an individual is a. in REM sleep. b. having a nightmare. c. deeply asleep. d. dreaming.
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c
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A teenage girl had recently been having panic attacks while shopping at the mall. She was sitting in her room feeling very depressed. To cheer her up, a friend suggested that they both go to an exercise class. Shortly after the warm-up started, however, she had another panic attack. What is the best explanation for this occurrence? a. She was angry with the friend for insisting that she go out. b. The sudden change in physiological arousal and mood triggered the panic attack. c. The physical sensations experienced during exercise had become an internal cue for panic to occur. d. The exercise class was an unconditioned stimulus that resulted in a panic attack.
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c
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An individual who suffers from panic disorder might become anxious about climbing stairs, exercising, or being in hot rooms because these activities produce sensations similar to those accompanying a panic attack. In psychological terms, the exercise and hot rooms have become a. conditioned stimuli. b. unconditioned stimuli. c. conditioned responses. d. unconditioned responses.
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a
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In treating panic disorder, all of the following types of medications are used EXCEPT a. tricyclic antidepressants. b. SSRIs. c. Steroids. d. benzodiazepines.
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c
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What is one factor that distinguishes between traditional exposure-based treatments for panic disorder and the more recent panic control treatment (PCT) developed at one of Barlow's clinics? a. Exposure to the interoceptive sensations associated with panic attacks b. Referral to a psychiatrist for medication monitoring c. Traditional exposure-based treatments resulting in a higher rate of cures d. As part of PCT, the therapist accompanying the patient on "reality testing" activities
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a
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Which of the following procedures is NOT part of Barlow's panic control treatment (PCT)? a. Cognitive therapy to modify conscious or unconscious perceptions about the "dangerousness" of feared situations b. Creation of mini panic attacks in the therapist's office c. Exercises to elevate the heart rate or spinning to make the patient dizzy d. Reducing interfering memories from early experiences with frightening stimuli.
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d
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A relative of yours who suffers from panic disorder asks you what treatment would have the most long-lasting benefits. Since you have just read about the double-blind NIMH research study evaluating psychological treatments with and without medication, you tell your relative to first try a. the drug imipramine. b. psychological treatment along with medication. c. panic control treatment that includes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). d. any available treatment, since patients in all treatment conditions achieved the same long-lasting gains.
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c
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A friend stated that when she went to a clinic, she had to spend 30- to 60-second sessions shaking her head from side to side, spinning in a chair, tensing all her muscles, hyperventilating, or breathing through a narrow straw. She is most likely receiving treatment for a. specific phobia. b. social phobia. c. panic disorder. d. posttraumatic stress disorder.
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c
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All of the following are characteristics common to specific phobias EXCEPT a. strong and persistent anxiety related to a specific object or situation. b. significant attempts by the anxious individual to avoid the phobic situation. c. recognition by the person with the phobia that the anxiety is excessive or unreasonable. d. Chronically decreased arousal of the autonomic nervous system.
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d
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In the type of specific phobia called "blood-injury-injection," there is an inherited vasovagal response and a tendency to faint due to a. an increase in blood pressure. b. a decrease in blood pressure. c. an increase in body temperature. d. a decrease in body temperature.
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b
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a situational phobia? a. Claustrophobia b. Fear of flying c. Fear of public buses d. Snake phobia
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d
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The main difference between situational phobia and panic disorder (PD) is that a. people with situational phobia never experience panic attacks outside the context of the phobic situation. b. people with situational phobia experience panic attacks when confronted with the phobic situation as well as at other times. c. people with PD experience panic attacks only in specific situations. d. people with PD experience panic attacks only at specific times.
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a
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According to your textbook, there are at least three ways of developing a phobia. Which is NOT one of these ways? a. Experiencing a panic attack in a specific situation b. Having a nightmare about a feared situation c. Observing someone else experience severe fear d. In certain conditions, being told about danger
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b
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You are told about a child who has shown behavior consistent with "separation anxiety." In order to determine if the child actually has a disorder or whether the behavior is normal, you would first need to know a. the child's age. b. whether the child is a boy or a girl. c. if other family members have anxiety disorders. d. how long the child has shown this behavior.
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a
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The typical age of onset for both animal and natural environment phobias peaks at around ___ years. a. 7 b. 9 c. 11 d. 13
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a
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Phobias characterized by fear of public transportation or enclosed places are called situational phobias, and the typical onset age for those who suffer from them is a. childhood. b. late adolescence. c. early adulthood. d. midlife.
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c
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A psychological disorder in children characterized by unrealistic and persistent worry that something will happen to their parents, and that may result in refusal to leave home, is called a. generalized anxiety disorder. b. school phobia. c. situational phobia. d. separation anxiety.
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d
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In the general population, approximately ________ percent of people have specific fears severe enough to be diagnosed as phobias. a. 1 b. 11 c. 31 d. 51
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b
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What is the role of parents in treating separation anxiety disorder? a. Parents are instructed to separate themselves from the child for at least two weeks to expose him/her to the feared scenario b. Parents are instructed to accommodate their child by reassuring them promptly each time he/she expressed separation fears c. Parents can be coached real-time in how to respond appropriately to the child's resistance to separation d. Parents are not involved because the child must learn to independently solve their problems.
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c
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Which of the following statements is correct regarding the treatment of specific phobias? a. Structured exposure-based exercises are no longer considered necessary. b. Individuals with "blood" phobias must learn to relax their muscles to keep their blood pressure high enough to prevent fainting. c. Exposure-based exercises actually change brain functioning. d. Avoiding a phobic situation weakens the phobic response.
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c
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Which of the following would NOT be considered an example of social phobia? a. A student who is reluctant to speak up in a classroom due to fear of embarrassing herself b. A male who has difficulty urinating in a public restroom when others are present c. A person who can only eat comfortably when he is alone d. An individual who cannot travel on public transportation without a family member present
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d
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According to research as many as ________ percent of the general population suffer from social phobia at some point in their lives. a. 3 b. 12 c. 23 d. 33
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b
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The most prevalent psychological disorder in the general population is a. specific phobia. b. agoraphobia. c. social phobia. d. panic disorder.
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a
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Unlike most of the anxiety disorders in which female sufferers predominate, the sex ratio is almost equal in a. agoraphobia. b. specific phobias. c. social phobia. d. panic disorder.
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c
