Psychology Test 3 Review Final Exam – Flashcards
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________ personality disorder is much more common in men than women and involves the exploitation of others without remorse. Choose one answer. a. Antisocial b. Histrionic c. Borderline d. Paranoid
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a. Antisocial
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There is a general agreement among researchers that personality Choose one answer. a. is mainly learned. b. can be characterized by five basic trait dimensions. c. has an infinite number of possible trait dimensions. d. is mainly genetic.
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b. can be characterized by five basic trait dimensions.
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Helen is suspicious and doubts the loyalty of even her friends. She is unwilling to forgive perceived insults and never forgets a grudge. She is most likely to be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder. Choose one answer. a. paranoid b. histrionic c. schizoid d. schizotypal
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paranoid
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The histrionic seeks ________, while the narcissist needs ________. Choose one answer. a. attention; admiration b. acceptance; admiration c. admiration; attention d. acceptance; approval
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a. attention; admiration
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Loretta has a long history of first idealizing men and then feeling they have abandoned her. Feelings of emptiness change into reckless acts of sexual promiscuity, gambling, and suicide attempts. She feels that she has never had a sense of self. Loretta probably has ________ personality disorder. Choose one answer. a. narcissistic b. histrionic c. dependent d. borderline
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d. borderline
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om tells you that he can make his roommate take out the trash by simply thinking about his roommate doing it. He agrees with you that this could sometimes just be a coincidence, but he seems to truly believe he can sometimes get people to do things just by thinking about it. You find him understandable when he talks, but sometimes hard to follow. His clothes are messy and don't match. Tom tells you not to tell anyone about his power, because he knows that other people don't like him because they are jealous and they would hurt him if they could. The best diagnosis for Tom is Choose one answer. a. borderline personality disorder. b. paranoid personality disorder. c. schizotypal personality disorder. d. schizoid personality disorder.
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c. schizotypal personality disorder.
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Sam shows little emotion and is loner. He has no social relationships, other than his family, and he seems to experience little pleasure, if any. What personality disorder might Sam have? Choose one answer. a. Paranoid b. Schizoid c. Borderline d. Narcissistic
answer
b. Schizoid
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Emily calls her husband every day at work to ask him what she should make for dinner. She spends her days at her mother's, because Emily worries that something will go wrong in her own home that she won't be able to handle. Even though she paints and draws well, Emily has never tried to take a class or use her talent, because she says she knows she really isn't good enough. Emily's most likely diagnosis is Choose one answer. a. borderline personality disorder. b. dependent personality disorder. c. schizoid personality disorder. d. paranoid personality disorder.
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b. dependent personality disorder.
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Hope believes that she is the "star" of her graduate class and that the other students dislike her because they are jealous of her superior intelligence. She believes that she is entitled to be exempted from an important exam because of her outstanding performance in class. Hope probably suffers from Choose one answer. a. Histrionic personality disorder. b. Narcissistic personality disorder. c. Dependent personality disorder. d. Schizoid personality disorder.
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b. Narcissistic personality disorder.
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Lori is vain and self-centered. When she goes out, it is not at all uncommon for her to do things that ensure she is the center of attention. Her close friends describe her as a "drama queen." Assuming that her behavior is sufficient to warrant an Axis II diagnosis, which of the following personality disorders is she most likely to be diagnosed with? Choose one answer. a. Antisocial b. Borderline c. Histrionic d. Narcissistic
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Histrionic
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Marks: 1 Adam and Beth are both being treated for alcohol dependence by being given medications. Adam's medication makes him vomit if he drinks after taking it. Beth's medication reduces her craving for alcohol. Most likely Adam is taking ________; Beth is taking ________. Choose one answer. a. methadone; Naltrexone b. Naltrexone; methadone c. methadone; Antabuse d. Antabuse; Naltrexone
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d. Antabuse; Naltrexone
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The individual with which of the following Axis I diagnoses is most likely to also abuse alcohol? Choose one answer. a. Borderline personality disorder b. Depression c. Dissociative identity disorder d. Somatization disorder
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Depression
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"Crack" is a form of Choose one answer. a. amphetamine. b. cocaine. c. ecstasy. d. methamphetamine
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b. cocaine.
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The occurrence of withdrawal symptoms Choose one answer. a. indicates that substance abuse has developed. b. is necessary for a diagnosis of substance abuse. c. is seen when use of any psychoactive substance is terminated. d. signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug.
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d. signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug.
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Concerning the causes of alcoholism, Choose one answer. a. there are probably several different patterns of causes associated with several different types of alcohol dependence. b. there is strong evidence that individuals at risk for alcohol dependence inherit a faulty metabolism. c. most research evidence points to genetic liability as the primary cause of alcohol dependence in men, but not in women. d. the causes of alcohol dependence are primarily psychosocial rather than biological in nature.
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a. there are probably several different patterns of causes associated with several different types of alcohol dependence.
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All drugs that people become dependent upon Choose one answer. a. are socially acceptable. b. act on pleasure pathways in the brain. c. provide the user with renewed energy. d. produce withdrawal symptoms when use is ceased
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b. act on pleasure pathways in the brain.
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Henry used to become intoxicated after six drinks. Now he needs ten or twelve to get the same effect. This is an example of Choose one answer. a. a psychoactive substance abuse disorder. b. tolerance. c. withdrawal symptoms. d. an organic impairment.
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b. tolerance.
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Unlike psychoactive substance abuse, psychoactive substance dependence usually involves Choose one answer. a. physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal. b. continued use despite social and occupational problems. c. pathological use of the substance. d. the use of substances that laws prohibit one from buying or using.
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a. physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal.
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At low levels, alcohol's effect on the brain is ________; at higher levels, alcohol's effect is ________. Choose one answer. a. to inhibit glutamate (an excitatory neurotransmitter); release opium-like endorphins b. too minimal to have an impact; massive and excitatory c. depressive; excitatory d. to activate the brain's "pleasure centers"; depress brain functioning
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d. to activate the brain's "pleasure centers"; depress brain functioning
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Studies of the genetics of alcoholism Choose one answer. a. have not provided support for the notion that a susceptibility to alcoholism can be inherited. b. are not able to determine if the tendency of alcoholism to "run in families" is a result of environmental or biological factors. c. suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse. d. have identified the gene that causes alcoholism
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c. suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse.
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Money and others have suggested that men are more vulnerable to paraphilias because Choose one answer. a. men are more easily aroused than women. b. developing an attachment to an inanimate object is just a reflection of the male tendency to objectify women. c. lasting maternal conflicts leave men unable to develop healthy sexual relationships with women. d. sexual arousal in men is more visually based than the sexual arousal of women.
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d. sexual arousal in men is more visually based than the sexual arousal of women.
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Gary finds himself sexually aroused by dressing in women's clothing. He sometimes steals the clothes from women and from stores. He has a wife and is happy in his marriage. Gary's most likely diagnosis is Choose one answer. a. fetishism. b. gender identity disorder. c. exhibitionism. d. transvestic fetishism.
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d. transvestic fetishism.
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Dyspareunia Choose one answer. a. is a disorder of inhibited sexual desire. b. is a disorder that involves involuntary spasms of the muscles of the vagina, preventing intercourse. c. is a disorder of inability to achieve orgasm. d. is a disorder involving genital pain associated with intercourse.
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d. is a disorder involving genital pain associated with intercourse.
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The most common theory about voyeurs is Choose one answer. a. they become classically conditioned to respond in a stronger way to the female body than most males. b. they have difficulty relating to women and find peeping satisfies needs in a way that feels safe and powerful. c. they were exposed to excess male hormones during prenatal development. d. with the advent of more sexually explicit movies and magazines, voyeurism is quickly becoming extinct.
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b. they have difficulty relating to women and find peeping satisfies needs in a way that feels safe and powerful.
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he decision by APA to remove homosexuality from the DSM Choose one answer. a. was later challenged and overturned. b. was based on research and science. c. was based on a vote by mental health professionals. d. was based on research about the lack of treatment.
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c. was based on a vote by mental health professionals.
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Julia has a shoe fetish - she is not able to enjoy sex unless her partner is wearing her shoes. She needs to be touching the shoes in order to achieve sexual gratification. She becomes aroused by the sight of her own shoes. What is unique about Julia's case of shoe fetishism? Choose one answer. a. Most fetishes involve animate objects. b. Sexual dysfunction usually is seen in the fetishist. c. Partners are usually not involved. d. Female fetishists are rare.
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d. Female fetishists are rare.
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Research about sexuality is Choose one answer. a. one of the earliest areas of research in psychology. b. limited because there are relatively few forms of abnormal sexual behavior. c. surprisingly limited due to taboos and political controversies surrounding sexual topics. d. abundant, although it is plagued by methodological problems.
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c. surprisingly limited due to taboos and political controversies surrounding sexual topics.
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One's sense of maleness or femaleness is called Choose one answer. a. gender identity. b. gender role. c. gender orientation. d. gender preference.
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a. gender identity.
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What is a paraphilia? Choose one answer. a. An abnormal level of sexual desire and behavior, whether homosexual or heterosexual. b. An impairment in either the desire for sexual gratification or a dysfunction in achieving it. c. A recurrent and distressing pattern of excluding all sexual behaviors except for masturbation. d. Persistent sexual behavior patterns in which unusual objects or situations are required for sexual satisfaction.
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d. Persistent sexual behavior patterns in which unusual objects or situations are required for sexual satisfaction.
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Martin has always felt he was really a girl. He dressed in girl's clothing as a child and still wants to be a girl. He is sure a mistake was made and that he is inhabiting the wrong sexed body. Martin's symptoms suggest a diagnosis of Choose one answer. a. gender identity disorder. b. gender dysphoria. c. transvestic fetishism. d. homosexuality.
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a. gender identity disorder.
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am shows little emotion and is loner. He has no social relationships, other than his family, and he seems to experience little pleasure, if any. What personality disorder might Sam have? Choose one answer. a. Paranoid b. Schizoid c. Borderline d. Narcissistic
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b. Schizoid
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Which of the following is a common personality characteristic of those who later abuse alcohol? Choose one answer. a. overly sensitive to the feelings of others b. high tolerance for frustration c. strong need for praise and admiration d. over-certainty of ability to fulfill expected gender roles
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c. strong need for praise and admiration
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Judd has been drinking heavily for a number of years. When he is not drinking, he experiences profuse sweating and shakes. This indicates that Judd Choose one answer. a. has an organic impairment. b. has withdrawal symptoms when he abstains from alcohol. c. cannot be diagnosed with substance dependence. d. has developed a tolerance for alcohol.
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b. has withdrawal symptoms when he abstains from alcohol.
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Studies of the genetics of alcoholism Choose one answer. a. have not provided support for the notion that a susceptibility to alcoholism can be inherited. b. are not able to determine if the tendency of alcoholism to "run in families" is a result of environmental or biological factors. c. suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse. d. have identified the gene that causes alcoholism.
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c. suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse.
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Stu has no friends except his brother. He would desperately love to date women but is certain no woman would be interested in him. He tried a dating service but was convinced that the secretary was trying to get rid of him because he was such a poor candidate. The most likely diagnosis for Stu is Choose one answer. a. avoidant personality disorder. b. schizoid personality disorder. c. paranoid personality disorder. d. schizotypal personality disorder.
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a. avoidant personality disorder.
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he fear of abandonment is seen in both borderline and dependent personality disorder. A key difference is their reaction to it: Choose one answer. a. The person with borderline personality disorder gets depressed and the person with dependent personality disorder gets angry. b. The person with borderline personality disorder gets angry and the person with dependent personality disorder becomes submissive. c. The person with borderline personality disorder goes to other people for a replacement and the person with dependent personality disorder stays alone and sad. d. The person with borderline personality disorder gets into new relationships and the person with dependent personality disorder is afraid to seek out new relationships.
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b. The person with borderline personality disorder gets angry and the person with dependent personality disorder becomes submissive.
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Personality disorders were once known as Choose one answer. a. character disorders. b. identity disorders. c. conduct disorders. d. maladaptive behavioral patterns.
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a. character disorders.
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What is the role of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway (MCLP)? Choose one answer. a. It is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and that produces euphoria. b. It is the area of the brain that is destroyed by alcohol and leads to amnestic disorder. c. It metabolizes all psychoactive drugs. d. It explains why genetically vulnerable individuals have altered brain wave patterns.
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a. It is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and that produces euphoria.
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It is quite rare for pedophilia to Choose one answer. a. involve a female pedophile. b. involve sexual penetration or violence. c. occur in children between 8 and 11. d. include manipulation of the child's genitals.
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a. involve a female pedophile.
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Which of the following statements about alcohol problems is accurate? Choose one answer. a. The lifetime prevalence for alcoholism in the United States is about 30 percent. b. The average life span of an alcoholic is twelve years shorter than the average citizen. c. Although alcohol impairs motor behavior, it does not lower performance on complex cognitive tasks. d. Alcohol abuse is a "pure" disorder, with less than 5 percent of alcohol abusers having a coexisting mental disorder.
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b. The average life span of an alcoholic is twelve years shorter than the average citizen.
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Symptoms of what Axis I diagnosis are present in individuals who later develop antisocial personality disorder? Choose one answer. a. Attention-deficit disorder b. Attachment disorder c. Conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder d. depression.
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c. Conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder
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Marks: 1 Which mental disorder is most commonly comorbid with alcoholism? Choose one answer. a. Panic disorder b. Obsessive compulsive disorder c. Dissociative amnesia d. Major depressive disorder
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d. Major depressive disorder
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Marks: 1 What "border" did the term "borderline" in borderline personality refer to? Choose one answer. a. The border between Axis I and Axis II disorders b. People with borderline personality disorder were thought to be on the brink of psychosis, on the border between sanity and insanity. c. Because people with borderline personality disorder behave normally much of the time, they were thought to only be on the edge of mental illness. d. behaviors exhibited by people with borderline personality disorder lie on continuum between neurotic and psychotic disorders.
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d. behaviors exhibited by people with borderline personality disorder lie on continuum between neurotic and psychotic disorders.
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`n 2005, which of the following accounted for 11 percent of all drug-related emergency room admissions? Choose one answer. a. Cocaine b. Ecstasy c. Barbiturates d. Heroin
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Heroin
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The ________ enjoys inflicting pain, while the ________ desires pain and degradation. Choose one answer. a. masochist; sadist b. voyeur; sadist c. sadist; masochist d. sadist; voyeur
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c. sadist; masochist
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Serial killers tend to be Choose one answer. a. pedophiles. b. masochists. c. voyeurs. d. sexual sadists.
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d. sexual sadists.
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Semen is responsible for masculine characteristics such as beard growth and for general physical and sexual vigor. Therefore, wasting semen through masturbation and patronizing prostitutes is damaging to the nervous system" This statement best illustrates the ________ theory of sexual behavior. Choose one answer. a. degeneracy b. psychoanalytic c. abstinence d. disease
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a. degeneracy
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While the individual with ________ personality disorder appears cool and aloof, the individual with ________ personality disorder is best described as odd. Choose one answer. a. avoidant; schizotypal b. schizoid; schizotypal c. schizoid; avoidant d. schizotypal; avoidant
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b. schizoid; schizotypal
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The individual with which of the following Axis I diagnoses is most likely to also abuse alcohol? Choose one answer. a. Borderline personality disorder b. Depression c. Dissociative identity disorder d. Somatization disorder
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b. Depression
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James has two alcoholic parents. Research suggests that his risk for alcoholism is Choose one answer. a. nearly 100 percent. b. greater than if he had one alcoholic parent. c. no greater than if he had one alcoholic parent. d. about 10 percent higher than if he had no alcoholic parents.
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c. no greater than if he had one alcoholic parent.
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Why is it that people with narcissistic personality disorder are unlikely to seek treatment? Choose one answer. a. They are suspicious that therapists will steal their ideas. b. They afraid they will become dependent on the therapist. c. They are hypersensitive to criticism. d. They think they are nearly perfect and in no need of change.
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d. They think they are nearly perfect and in no need of change.
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"I am a person who has an affliction-I cannot drink like social drinkers. Spiritual change may help me in recovering from my addiction, but I will be an alcoholic for life." The person who said this would feel most comfortable in ________. Choose one answer. a. relapse prevention b. Alcoholics Anonymous c. aversive conditioning treatment d. a replacement program
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b. Alcoholics Anonymous
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What is the most common sexual offense reported to the police? Choose one answer. a. exhibitionism b. voyeurism c. frotteurism d. pedophilia
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a. exhibitionism
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What do all of the Cluster A disorders have in common? Choose one answer. a. Lack of emotional expression b. Oddness or eccentricity c. Clear link to schizophrenia d. Trust in other people
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b. Oddness or eccentricity
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Studies of sex offenders Choose one answer. a. support the feminist view of rape. b. find that few rapists are violent. c. suggest that all rapists have both aggressive and sexual motives. d. find that rapists tend to have both Axis I and Axis II disorders.
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c. suggest that all rapists have both aggressive and sexual motives.
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Early criminal behavior is most characteristic of Choose one answer. a. antisocial personality disorder. b. borderline personality disorder. c. schizoid personality disorder. d. schizotypal personality disorder.
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a. antisocial personality disorder.
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Aversion therapy may involve Choose one answer. a. exposure to a foul odor when becoming sexually aroused to a deviant stimulus. b. rewarding appropriate sexual responses. c. continuous masturbation to a paraphilic fantasy. d. repeated expression of aggressive feelings to the point of exhaustion.
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a. exposure to a foul odor when becoming sexually aroused to a deviant stimulus.
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Most boys with gender identity disorder Choose one answer. a. become transvestites in adulthood. b. become transsexual adults. c. are readily accepted by their peers. d. become homosexual adults who no longer wish to change their gender.
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d. become homosexual adults who no longer wish to change their gender.
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During which phase of the sexual response is there a characteristic sense of well-being and relaxation? Choose one answer. a. Desire b. Orgasm c. Excitement d. Resolution
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Resolution
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The main difference between borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder is that Choose one answer. a. while both have impulsive sex, the person with borderline personality disorder uses others and the person with antisocial personality disorder really cares about others. b. both avoid abandonment, the person with borderline personality disorder because they love others and the person with antisocial personality disorder because they need others to love them. c. both exploit others but the person with borderline personality disorder does it due to an angry reaction to disappointments and the person with antisocial personality disorder does it for gain and without guilt. d. both show suicidal behavior, the person with borderline personality disorder because he or she wants to die and the person with antisocial personality disorder to get attention.
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c. both exploit others but the person with borderline personality disorder does it due to an angry reaction to disappointments and the person with antisocial personality disorder does it for gain and without guilt.
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pium and heroin Choose one answer. a. were originally used by physicians as pain relievers. b. have always been two of the most abused illegal drugs. c. induce euphoria but do not reduce pain. d. control pain only if they are used to cause unconsciousness.
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a. were originally used by physicians as pain relievers.
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Marks: 1 John has a great need for order and perfectionism. He can't leave the house until every hair is in place, and he has been known to iron the same shirt over and over to ensure that he is wrinkle-free. What personality disorder does John's behavior suggest? Choose one answer. a. Avoidant b. Dependent c. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder d. Narcissistic
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c. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
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The best single-word description for the person with paranoid personality disorder is Choose one answer. a. delusional. b. impulsive. c. unemotional. d. mistrustful.
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mistrustful
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The most recent studies of satisfactory outcome from sex reassignment surgery find Choose one answer. a. most individuals are satisified b. few individuals are satisfied c. satisfication depends upon whether the operation involves a male-to-female or a female-to-male change. d. satisfication depends on the length of time that individuals live as the gender they wish to become prior to the surgery.
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a. most individuals are satisified
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Cognitive therapy for personality disorders focuses on Choose one answer. a. changing the client's understanding of his or her early childhood. b. the way other people respond when the client acts inappropriately. c. underlying dysfunctional schemas in the client's mind. d. the external sources of stress that cause psychological breakdown.
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c. underlying dysfunctional schemas in the client's mind.
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Cross-gender identification is characteristic of Choose one answer. a. transvestic fetishism. b. exhibitionism. c. frotteurism. d. gender identity disorder.
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d. gender identity disorder.
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The incidence of alcoholism among Muslims and Mormons is low because Choose one answer. a. individuals who practice these religions are likely to live in areas where alcohol is not readily available. b. these religions prohibit alcohol consumption. c. members of both groups are likely to have inherited an inability to metabolize alcohol properly. d. strong family and community bonds protect these populations from all psychological disorders.
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b. these religions prohibit alcohol consumption.
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People find Adam difficult to be around. His behavior is unpredictable and erratic but most often is annoying to others. He doesn't seem to learn from his bad experiences, instead he keeps repeating the same mistakes over and over. His family says Adam has been like this since at least junior high school. Adam most likely has Choose one answer. a. a mood disorder. b. an anxiety disorder. c. a dissociative disorder. d. a personality disorder.
answer
d. a personality disorder.
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When it comes to cross-cultural similarities and differences concerning sexual behavior, which of the following statements is accurate? Choose one answer. a. Taboos on sex between close relatives are found in all known cultures. b. Only in Western societies do men place greater emphasis on a partner's attractiveness. c. In a specific culture, sexual attitudes and practices tend to be quite stable over hundreds of years. d. In most cultures, people are highly tolerant of sexual nonconformity.
answer
a. Taboos on sex between close relatives are found in all known cultures.
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Marks: 1 Dialectical behavior therapy is Choose one answer. a. a promising, problem-focused treatment for borderline personality disorder. b. a long-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that focuses on personality change. c. an old, long-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that has been found to be ineffective. d. is a short-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that involves medication and brief hospitalization.
answer
a. a promising, problem-focused treatment for borderline personality disorder.
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he only treatment that has been shown to be effective in treating gender dysphoria is Choose one answer. a. long-term psychodynamic therapy. b. aversion therapy. c. surgical sex reassignment. d. medication to alter hormone production.
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c. surgical sex reassignment.
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It was once believed that masturbation caused Choose one answer. a. infertility. b. insanity. c. narcissism. d. schizophrenia.
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b. insanity.
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Crack" is a form of Choose one answer. a. amphetamine. b. cocaine. c. ecstasy. d. methamphetamine.
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b. cocaine.
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Which of the following statements is true about alcohol use? Choose one answer. a. Alcoholism is extremely serious but rarely fatal. b. Alcoholism is more common in women that in men. c. Alcoholism increases the risk of suicide. d. Alcoholism is strongly associated with accidental death, but not with violent acts.
answer
c. Alcoholism increases the risk of suicide.
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Histrionic personality disorder is most likely to be diagnosed in people who Choose one answer. a. are emotionally unexpressive and prefer living alone. b. later develop schizophrenic symptoms. c. are attention-seeking and overly emotional. d. depend on others because they do not feel competent.
answer
c. are attention-seeking and overly emotional.
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Which parenting skill or parental behavior is most associated with adolescent substance use? Choose one answer. a. Overindulging children by giving them too many gifts and privileges b. Restricting children from any form of experimentation with alcohol and other drugs c. Restricting the expression of positive emotions d. Lack of monitoring the adolescent's activities
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d. Lack of monitoring the adolescent's activities
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he drug that can create a state most like psychosis is Choose one answer. a. amphetamine. b. LSD. c. heroin. d. marijuana.
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b. LSD.
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The most common personality characteristic of rapists is Choose one answer. a. sexual sadism. b. impulsivity. c. empathy. d. extraversion
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b. impulsivity.
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Rosa comes to you for treatment of her alcohol abuse. You suspect that she might have some other Axis I disorder as well. Why is it important for you to evaluate her Axis I status? Choose one answer. a. Treating another Axis I disorder, when present along with alcohol abuse, usually clears up the excessive drinking as well. b. Her genetic liability may be much stronger if the alcohol abuse is the only Axis I disorder. c. Her genetic liability may be much stronger if the alcohol abuse is the only Axis I disorder. d. The co-occurrence of another mental disorder has a very significant effect on treatment outcome.
answer
d. The co-occurrence of another mental disorder has a very significant effect on treatment outcome.
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Impulsivity and extreme instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood best characterize Choose one answer. a. histrionic personality disorder. b. antisocial personality disorder. c. avoidant personality disorder. d. borderline personality disorder.
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d. borderline personality disorder.
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_______ often desire mastery or dominance over their partners, believe that their partners will benefit from sexual contact, and some tend to idealize their partners for their simplicity and innocence. Choose one answer. a. Masochists b. Pedophiles c. Fetishists d. Voyeurs
answer
Pedophiles
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The behavioral patterns of individuals with personality disorders Choose one answer. a. tend to fluctuate over time. b. tend to normalize with experience as an individual matures. c. are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptation to new kinds of experiences. d. are remarkable in their tendency to shift dramatically from one kind of disorder to another.
answer
c. are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptation to new kinds of experiences.
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Post-traumatic stress disorder, when caused by a rape, Choose one answer. a. is now called acute stress syndrome. b. only occurs when the rapist is unknown to the victim. c. is often associated with severe sexual symptoms. d. is more severe when a woman knows her attacker.
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c. is often associated with severe sexual symptoms.
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Most sadists are Choose one answer. a. heterosexual men. b. homosexual men. c. heterosexual women. d. homosexual women.
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a. heterosexual men.
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Why are estimates of the prevalence of drug dependence likely to be inaccurate? Choose one answer. a. Many people who think they have a problem don't. b. Twelve-step programs have become the treatment of choice. c. Treatment is often not available when it is sought. d. Many people do not seek help.
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d. Many people do not seek help.
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Which of the following is most likely to be used to produce sleep? Choose one answer. a. Barbiturates b. Mescaline c. Morphine d. Codeine
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a. Barbiturates
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Greg has been diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder. Knowing this, which of the following jobs would he be most likely to enjoy? Choose one answer. a. Night-time security guard who works alone b. Receptionist at a busy dentist's office c. Insurance inspector who uncovers clues that criminal behavior has occurred d. Elementary school teacher who works with children who have emotional problems
answer
a. Night-time security guard who works alone
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According to the DSM-IV-TR, which of the following must be true for a personality disorder diagnosis? Choose one answer. a. The patient's behavior must reflect a lack of impulse control. b. The patient must experience clinically significant distress. c. Signs of psychosis must be present. d. The person's behavior problems must cause them distress or impairment.
answer
d. The person's behavior problems must cause them distress or impairment.
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Which type of treatment for alcoholism has been found to be most effective? Choose one answer. a. Inpatient treatment b. Outpatient treatment c. Twelve-step programs d. All were about equa
answer
d. All were about equa
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eople with transvestic fetishism Choose one answer. a. include males and females, although more males than females. b. are usually heterosexual. c. frequently cause harm to others. d. wish to be the opposite gender.
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b. are usually heterosexual.
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Which of the following disorders is associated with engaging in autoerotic asphyxia? Choose one answer. a. transvestic fetishism b. scatologia c. frotteurism d. masochism
answer
d. masochism
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Why does it make sense to view addiction as a mental disorder? Choose one answer. a. The symptoms reflect behaviors that involve the pathological need for a substance. b. The most effective treatments are psychological. c. Neurochemical imbalances underlie the problematic behaviors observed. d. Substance abuse frequently develops in an attempt to self-medicate negative mood states.
answer
a. The symptoms reflect behaviors that involve the pathological need for a substance.
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Which of the following best explains why it is such a challenge to treat personality disorders? Choose one answer. a. They develop early in life. b. The diagnostic criteria for these disorders suffers from subjectivity. c. Comorbid diagnoses are the norm, not the exception. d. By definition, they are enduring patterns of thought and behavior.
answer
d. By definition, they are enduring patterns of thought and behavior.
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________ personality disorder is much more common in men than women and involves the exploitation of others without remorse. Choose one answer. a. Antisocial b. Histrionic c. Borderline d. Paranoid
answer
Antisocial
question
Hope believes that she is the "star" of her graduate class and that the other students dislike her because they are jealous of her superior intelligence. She believes that she is entitled to be exempted from an important exam because of her outstanding performance in class. Hope probably suffers from Choose one answer. a. Histrionic personality disorder. b. Narcissistic personality disorder. c. Dependent personality disorder. d. Schizoid personality disorder.
answer
b. Narcissistic personality disorder.
question
Which of the following makes treatment of dependence on heroin especially challenging? Choose one answer. a. The severity of the withdrawal b. The likely involvement of the user in a drug-using subculture c. The lack of a means of minimizing cravings d. The high probability that the user is also dependent on other drugs
answer
b. The likely involvement of the user in a drug-using subculture
question
Loretta has a long history of first idealizing men and then feeling they have abandoned her. Feelings of emptiness change into reckless acts of sexual promiscuity, gambling, and suicide attempts. She feels that she has never had a sense of self. Loretta probably has ________ personality disorder. Choose one answer. a. narcissistic b. histrionic c. dependent d. borderline
answer
d. borderline
question
In contrast to other treatment programs, Alcoholics Anonymous Choose one answer. a. offers both group and one-on-one support. b. is successful, but only with severe alcoholics who have "hit bottom." c. uses primarily psychodynamic interventions, although advocates of AA would disagree. d. has a low dropout rate.
answer
a. offers both group and one-on-one support.
question
Unlike psychoactive substance abuse, psychoactive substance dependence usually involves Choose one answer. a. physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal. b. continued use despite social and occupational problems. c. pathological use of the substance. d. the use of substances that laws prohibit one from buying or using.
answer
a. physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal.
question
Impaired memory and concentration, sluggishness, lack of motor coordination, and brain damage are side effects associated with excessive use of Choose one answer. a. stimulants. b. antihistamines. c. sedatives. d. antidepressants.
answer
c. sedatives.
question
Which of the following statements is true? Choose one answer. a. Sexual practices and standards are constantly evolving. b. Over time, all cultures develop more liberal attitudes toward sex. c. There is little that is considered "taboo" in modern society. d. Monogamy is a dated concept.
answer
a. Sexual practices and standards are constantly evolving.
question
What is a paraphilia? Choose one answer. a. An abnormal level of sexual desire and behavior, whether homosexual or heterosexual. b. An impairment in either the desire for sexual gratification or a dysfunction in achieving it. c. A recurrent and distressing pattern of excluding all sexual behaviors except for masturbation. d. Persistent sexual behavior patterns in which unusual objects or situations are required for sexual satisfaction.
answer
d. Persistent sexual behavior patterns in which unusual objects or situations are required for sexual satisfaction.
question
Sexual dysfunctions Choose one answer. a. are only diagnosed when the cause is psychological maladjustment. b. only occur in heterosexual couples. c. rarely affect the enjoyment of sex for the two parties in the relationship. d. involve the impairment of either the desire for sexual gratification or the ability to achieve it.
answer
d. involve the impairment of either the desire for sexual gratification or the ability to achieve it.
question
hich of the following countries has the highest per capita rate of alcohol consumption? Choose one answer. a. Argentina b. France c. Germany d. United States
answer
b. France
question
Why is ritualized homosexuality practiced in Sambia? Choose one answer. a. Women are viewed as dirty. b. Heterosexual intercourse is only acceptable between married partners. c. Few adults are exclusively heterosexual. d. It permits semen conservation.
answer
d. It permits semen conservation.
question
Which of the following is NOT a Cluster B personality disorder? Choose one answer. a. Depressive b. Histrionic c. Narcissistic d. Borderline
answer
Depressive
question
Which statement about alcohol abuse disorders and other psychological disorders is accurate? Choose one answer. a. Since alcohol has a negative effect on neurotransmitters, it is extremely rare for people with schizophrenia to become alcohol or drug dependent. b. Since alcohol has an anti-anxiety effect, most of the people who are alcohol dependent and have another disorder suffer from generalized anxiety disorder. c. The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is antisocial personality disorder. d. The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
answer
c. The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is antisocial personality disorder.
question
he occurrence of withdrawal symptoms Choose one answer. a. indicates that substance abuse has developed. b. is necessary for a diagnosis of substance abuse. c. is seen when use of any psychoactive substance is terminated. d. signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug.
answer
d. signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug.
question
Because they are regarded as being different from standard psychiatric syndromes, the personality disorders are Choose one answer. a. not listed in the DSM-IV. b. coded on Axis I. c. coded on Axis II. d. given what is called a "provisional" category.
answer
c. coded on Axis II.
question
he five factor model Choose one answer. a. is a model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the five basic personality dimensions. b. is a model that attempts to explain personality disorders by dividing them into five main categories. c. is a model that explains the causes of personality disorders by describing the five most important factors that lead to their development. d. is a five step model for the treatment of personality disorders.
answer
a. is a model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the five basic personality dimensions.
