Psychology Set 2 – Flashcards
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After prolonged exposure to television violence, viewers became more indifferent to violence when later viewing a brawl, whether on TV or in real life. This finding best illustrates
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desensitization.
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We compute motion based on the assumption that shrinking objects are
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retreating.
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How do evolutionary psychologists explain why pregnant women from cultures across the world tend to avoid bitter, strongly flavored foods?
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Bitter tastes can be an indication of foods toxic toward a developing baby, so this preference developed through natural selection.
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Imagine that a softball player wears special glasses that shift her visual field upward 20 degrees. This means that when the player wears these glasses, everything appears higher than it actually is. With practice the player can hit a ball with the glasses on. What will happen when the player first hits a ball with the glasses off?
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She will believe that the ball is lower than it really is.
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Because Ken is 6'4", people often mistakenly assume that he must be a member of his high school basketball team. This mistaken judgment best illustrates the impact of
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the representativeness heuristic.
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Stage theories of adult development are most likely to be criticized for exaggerating the
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predictability of development.
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According to social exchange theory, altruistic behavior is guided by
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calculations of costs and benefits.
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Deaf people who use sign language typically
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process language in their left cerebral hemisphere.
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Group therapy is typically more effective than individual therapy for
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enabling people to discover that others have problems similar to their own
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The ratio of males to females first begins declining during
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adulthood.
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The representativeness heuristic refers to our tendency to
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judge the likelihood of category membership by how closely an object or event resembles a particular prototype.
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The belief that boys are more independent than girls is a
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gender schema.
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Which of the following best illustrates overgeneralization in a young child's speech pattern?
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"Momma holded the baby."
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People's physical attractiveness is unrelated to their
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self-esteem.
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Because she believes that boys are naughtier than girls, Mrs. Zumpano, a second-grade teacher, watches boys more closely than she watches girls for any signs of misbehavior. Mrs. Zumpano's surveillance strategy best illustrates
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confirmation bias.
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Which perspective suggests that depression is a reaction to loss and the internalization of unresolved anger toward parents?
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psychoanalytic
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Who emphasized that perceptual understanding comes from inborn ways of organizing sensory experience?
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Immanuel Kant
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What is the purpose of the eardrum?
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To transmit sound from the air to the bones of the middle ear.
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The most foolproof way of testing the true effectiveness of a newly introduced method of psychological therapy is by means of
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experimental research.
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When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying on the sidewalk in apparent discomfort, he prepared to offer help. But when he noticed several adults walk past the man, he concluded that the man did not need any help. His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in
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the bystander effect.
