Psychology Final pt. 3 – Flashcards
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Extrinsic motivation is defined as the pursuit of an activity ____
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External reward
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In their earlier attempts to explain motivation psychologists were inclined to attributing it to ____
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Instincts
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The need for ____ involves strong desire to succeed in attaining goals
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Achievement
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According to Carol Dweck, need for achievement is closely related to ____
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Personality factors
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A stimulus motive is one that appears to be ____
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Unlearned
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The Yerkes-Dodson Law says ____
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Performance is affected by levels of arousal
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Things that attract or lure people to action are ____
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Incentives
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____ is the term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are threatening or challenging
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Stress
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____ occurs when people experience unpleasant stressors
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Distress
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____ is the optimal amount of stress that people need to promote health and well-being
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Eustress
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Sexual ____ refers to enduring sexual attraction toward members of one's own sex, the other sex, or both
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Orientation
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The concept of "comfort food" suggests that eating ____
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May be influenced by social factors
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Social psychology is the scientific study of how a person's behavior, thoughts, and feelings are influenced by ____
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The influences of the social world in which we exist
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Social psychology differs from psychology in its focus on ____
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The other people around us
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Behavior that is initiated or changed in response to a request, as opposed to a command or direct order is an example of ____
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Compliance
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Many people hang up on telemarketers, but others will listen politely to their pitches even if they are not interested in the product. Telemarketers know that anyone who agrees to listen to a pitch is more likely to buy the product, thanks to the ________ phenomenon
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Foot-in-the-door
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What term do psychologists use to describe our liking of other people?
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Interpersonal attraction
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What is a difference between obedience and conformity?
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In obedience, there is a difference in status between the one who obeys and the one who makes the request
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A response either positive or negative, toward a certain person, idea, object, or situation is called ____
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An attitude
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What is the term for the process of developing our first knowledge about another person?
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Impression formation
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Attributions are ___
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Explanations that account for one's own behaviors and/or the behaviors of others
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How does the jigsaw classroom operate?
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Students are each given a piece of information that must be shared to solve a problem
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The unique ways in which each individual thinks, acts, and feels is called ____
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Personality
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Sigmund Freud's theory came at a time in history when the predominant attitude toward sex was ____
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Repressed
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Sigmund Freud proposed that his patient's disorders resulted most often from psychological conflicts related to ____
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Sex
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Freud believe that the ____ ____ was the most important determining factor in human behavior and personality
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Unconscious mind
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A person who is ambitious, time conscious, extremely hard working, easily annoyed, and tends to have high levels of hostility and anger is said to be exhibiting a ____ ____ personality
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Type A
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Which term was given to psychoanalysts who broke away from strict interpretation of Freud's theory and developed theories of their own that were based upon Freud's work?
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Neo-Freudians
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Jung believed that there were two levels to the unconscious mind, the personal and the ____
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Collective
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What is the acronym that could help you remember the Big Five triats?
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OCEAN
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Which Neo-Freudian theorist believed social relationships were the key to understanding personality?
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Erikson
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For the behaviorist, personality is a set of learned responses or ____
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Habits
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Skinner and Watson believed that personality is the result of
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Classical and operant conditioning and observational learning
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Ruth-Ann just graduated from high school; she is trying out for the soccer team at the college that she will attend in the fall. She knows that it will be more competitive than her high school team, but she believes in her ability to succeed and plans to practice all summer. Bandura would say that Ruth might have an edge over some competitors simply because she has
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High self-efficiency
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____ theory is called the "third force" in the personality theory
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Humanistic
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What do Abraham Maslow's and Carl Rogers' theories have in common?
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They believe that each human being free is to choose his or her own destiny
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In Carl Rogers' theory, our perception of our abilities, behaviors, and characteristics is known as ____
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Self-concept
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What is the branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of abnormal behavior?
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Psychopathology
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Archaeologists have found skulls from as long ago as 3000 B.C. that bear evidence of an ancient surgical technique, in which holes were cut into the skulls of live individuals in an attempt to release demons from the possessed victim. This process is called ____
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Trephining
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You are a contestant on Jeopardy! and it is your turn. You say to Alex, "I'll take Ancient Explanations of Mental Illness for $100." The answer is, "His was the first recorded attempt to explain abnormal behavior as due to some biological process." The smile on your face reveals the confidence you have as you say "____ ____ ____"
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Who is Hippocrates?
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For people in the Middle Ages who believed abnormal behavior resulted from spirit possession, the treatment of choice was ____
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Exorcism
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The ____ model of mental illness explains that disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia are caused by chemical imbalances, genetic problems, brain damage or dysfunction, or some combination of those causes
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Biological
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A dissociative disorder characterized by a partial or complete loss of memory for personal information that is usually associated with a stressful or emotionally traumatic experience is known as ____ ____
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Dissociative amnesia
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The biological model views psychological disorders as resulting from ____ ____
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Physiological causes
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The psychodynamic model holds that abnormal behavior is the result or
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Repressed thoughts and memories
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According to the behaviorists, disordered behavior is a result of _____
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A set of learned responses
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The most recent version of the DSM is the ____
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DSM 5
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The primary purpose of the DSM is to
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Help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders
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What is the most commonly diagnosed psychological disorder in the United States?
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Major depressive disorder
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Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and worry are characteristics of ____ ____
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Anxiety disorders
