psychology Exam #3 Part 3/3 – Flashcards
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Antipsychotic drugs
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Many block or reduce sensitivity of dopamine receptors. Some increase levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that inhibits dopamine activity Can relieve positive symptoms of schizophrenia, but ineffective—or even worsen—negative symptoms
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Antidepressant drugs
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Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI's) Elevate norepinephrine and serotonin in brain by blocking an enzyme that deactivates these neurotransmitters Tricyclic antidepressants Boost norepinephrine and serotonin by preventing reuptake Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI's) Boost serotonin by preventing reuptake Herbs such as St. John's Wort have also been used. Better than a placebo for mild cases Interacts with other drugs
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Tranquilizers (Antianxiety drugs)
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Increase the activity of GABA Developed for treatment of mild anxiety Often prescribed inappropriately by general practitioners for any patient with mood complaints
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Lithium carbonate
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Used to treat bipolar disorder Moderates levels of norepinephrine or by protecting cells from being overstimulated by neurotransmitter glutamate Must be given in right dose, bloodstream levels monitored
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Placebo effect
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The apparent success of a treatment due to patient's expectation rather than the treatment itself
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Psychosurgery
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Any surgical procedure that destroys selected areas of the brain believed to be involved in emotional disorders or violent, impulsive behavior.
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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
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Procedure used in cases of prolonged and severe major depression Brief brain seizure is induced
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Psychoanalysis
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A method of psychotherapy developed by Freud, emphasizes the exploration of unconscious motives and conflicts
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Free association
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In psychoanalysis, a method of uncovering unconscious conflicts by saying freely whatever comes to mind
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Behavior therapy
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A form of therapy that applies classical and operant conditioning to help people change their own self-defeating or problematic behaviors
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Systematic desensitization
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A step-by-step process of desensitizing a client to a feared object or experience Based on counter conditioning
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Behavioral self-monitoring
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A method of keeping careful data on the frequency and consequences of a behavior to be changed
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Rational emotive therapy
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A form of cognitive therapy devised by Albert Ellis, designed to challenge the client's unrealistic or irrational thoughts
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Humanist therapy
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Based on assumption that people seek self-actualization, self-fulfillment Emphasized people's free will to change, not past conflicts
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Client-centered therapy
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Developed by Carl Rogers, emphasizes therapist's empathy with client, and communication of unconditional positive regard
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Family-systems perspective
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Therapy with individuals or families that focuses on how each member forms part of a larger interacting system
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Depression
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Cognitive therapy
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Childhood and adolescent behavior problems
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Behavior therapy
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Health problems
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Cognitive and behavior therapies
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Anger and impulsive violence
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Cognitive therapy
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Anxiety disorders
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Exposure techniques
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You have arachnophobia, an intense fear of spiders. What kind of therapy should you seek out for the best chance of resolving your problem? 1. Direct brain intervention 2. Cognitive therapy 3. Psychodynamic therapy 4. Behavioral therapy
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Psychodynamic therapy
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Which of the following people would benefit most from taking antipsychotic drugs? Barbara, who has excessive worry and anxiety Zara, who is near death from starving herself Josue, who has hallucinations and delusions Jonathan, who swings from mania to thoughts of suicide
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c
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Electroconvulsive therapy has been used successfully to treat ________ that has not responded to other treatments, but the effects are short-lived. A) severe depression B) obsessive-compulsive disorder C) schizophrenia D) bipolar disorder
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a
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The process that occurs in psychoanalysis when a client sits on a sofa and says whatever comes to mind without censoring, with the analyst sitting out of view, is called ________. A) systematic desensitization B) free association C) exposure treatment D) flooding
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b
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Most behavior and cognitive therapists are interested in ________. A) the unconscious past B) current behaviors, beliefs, and perceptions C) the future direction of one's life path D) painful anxieties and concerns
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b
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In client-centered therapy, the therapist's role is to ________. A) listen to the client's needs in an accepting, nonjudgmental way and offer unconditional positive regard B) listen attentively as clients cope with the inescapable realities of life and death and the struggle for meaning C) help the client reach understanding and insight regarding the reason for his or her unhappiness and problems D) help clients keep records of when their unwanted habits occur and what positive consequences keep these habits continuing
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a
