Question 1

Psychology is defined as the:   a) science of behavior. b) scientific study of behavior and mental processes. c) study of mental disorders and their treatment. d) study of mental processes.

Accepted Answer

b) scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Question 2

When psychologists describe behavior, they:  a) shape desirable behavior. b) project future behavior. c) observe behavior systematically. d) make sense of behavior.

Accepted Answer

c) observe behavior systematically.

Question 3

The Renaissance philosopher John Locke argued that our knowledge is acquired solely through experience. Locke\'s position reflects the legacy of the Greek philosopher:  a) Plato. b) Aristotle. c) Hippocrates. d) Socrates.

Accepted Answer

b) Aristotle.

Question 4

The title of the American jazz classic, \"Body and Soul\" echoes a view known as dualism, a view associated MOST prominently with the philosopher:  a) Descartes. b) Plato. c) Aristotle. d) Fechner.

Accepted Answer

a) Descartes.

Question 5

It is the year 2029. At the American Psychological Association\'s annual conference, a special keynote address commemorates the 150th anniversary of an historic event in psychology\'s early days. What event is celebrated in the address?  a) Wundt founding the first psychology laboratory b) Titchener opening a lab at Cornell c) Calkins becoming the first female president of the APA d) Watson establishing behaviorism

Accepted Answer

a) Wundt founding the first psychology laboratory

Question 6

A procedure in which an observer describes the simple elements of a complex experience in as much detail as possible is called:  a) internal observation. b) subjective perception. c) introspection. d) inner perception.

Accepted Answer

c) introspection.

Question 7

Noreen asserts that our behavior often reflects unconscious motives and conflicts. This viewpoint is MOST consistent with the _____ perspective in psychology.  a) humanistic b) cognitive c) psychoanalytic d) biological

Accepted Answer

c) psychoanalytic

Question 8

The cognitive perspective may be said to represent a reaction to the _____ view.  a) humanistic b) behavioral c) biological d) evolutionary

Accepted Answer

b) behavioral

Question 9

Which psychologist is incorrectly matched with an associated perspective?  a) Vygotsky - biological b) Maslow - humanistic c) Skinner - behavioral d) Freud - psychoanalytic

Accepted Answer

a) Vygotsky - biological

Question 10

Madame Oolong claims that she can answer questions about one\'s career, finances, and relationships by reading tea leaves. Madame Oolong practices:  a) critical thinking. b) parapsychology. c) psychology. d) pseudopsychology.

Accepted Answer

d) pseudopsychology.

Question 11

The process psychologists use to conduct research is called:  a) informed speculation. b) critical thinking. c) the scientific method. d) educated guessing.

Accepted Answer

c) the scientific method.

Question 12

A hypothesis is BEST defined as a:  a) behavior, event, or other characteristic that can assume different values. b) broad, general explanation of the phenomenon of interest. c) specification of the precise manner in which a variable will be measured. d) statement that can be used to test a prediction.

Accepted Answer

d) statement that can be used to test a prediction.

Question 13

Descriptive statistics:  a) summarize a set of data. b) show how two or more variables are related. c) indicate the significance of the results. d) allow predictions beyond a data set.

Accepted Answer

---

Question 14

Which of the following steps in the scientific method is correctly paired with its corresponding activity?  a) developing a question - The researcher establishes operational definition. b) collecting data - The researcher reviews the scientific literature on a topic. c) developing a hypothesis - The research performs a study. d) analyzing data - The researcher determines whether hypothesis is supported.

Accepted Answer

d) analyzing data - The researcher determines whether hypothesis is supported.

Question 15

At a DUI checkpoint, some cars are stopped at random; many others are not stopped. Using the terminology of psychological research, the cars that are stopped may be considered a _____ of all the cars that pass by the checkpoint.  a) population b) subset c) cohort d) sample

Accepted Answer

d) sample

Question 16

Dr. O\'Connor is telling his participants before he begins the experiment that their participation is completely voluntary and that they can stop taking part at any time. Dr. O\'Connor is:  a) obtaining informed consent. b) debriefing his participants. c) performing random assignment. d) providing peer review.

Accepted Answer

a) obtaining informed consent.

Question 17

DeAndre is recording instances of physical aggression among children in a schoolyard at recess. DeAndre is undertaking:  a) naturalistic observation. b) a case study. c) an experiment. d) a survey.

Accepted Answer

a) naturalistic observation.

Question 18

Sigmund Freud based much of his theory on intensive analyses of individual patients. The psychoanalytic perspective, therefore, is built on a foundation of:  a) observational work. b) surveys. c) experiments. d) case studies.

Accepted Answer

d) case studies.

Question 19

Dr. Estevez prepares a set of questions to ask college students about their drinking behavior and their attitudes toward alcohol. Dr. Estevez is undertaking:  a) an experiment. b) a survey. c) a case study. d) naturalistic observation.

Accepted Answer

b) a survey.

Question 20

Which correlation coefficient represents the strongest relationship between two variables?  a) .30 b) .60 c) .00 d) -.75

Accepted Answer

d) -.75

Question 21

The _____ method uses independent and dependent variables to reveal cause-and-effect relationships.  a) observational b) experimental c) descriptive d) correlational

Accepted Answer

b) experimental

Question 22

Experimental group is to control group as _____ is to _____.  a) dependent variable; independent variable b) no treatment; treatment c) treatment; no treatment d) independent variable; dependent variable

Accepted Answer

c) treatment; no treatment

Question 23

Measured is to manipulated as _____ is to _____.  a) experimental; control b) random assignment; random selection c) independent; dependent d) dependent; independent

Accepted Answer

d) dependent; independent

Question 24

_____ psychology is a relatively new approach that counters the field\'s more traditional focus on abnormality and maladaptive behavior.  a) Cognitive b) Humanistic c) Adaptive d) Positive

Accepted Answer

d) Positive

Question 25

The behaviorist perspective emphasized the importance of the environment. The pioneering behaviorist John Watson argued against the \"instinct psychology\" of the early 20th century. Based on this information, the textbook\'s recurring theme of _____ is especially relevant to a discussion of the behaviorist perspective.  a) positive psychology b) nature and nurture c) culture d) gender

Accepted Answer

b) nature and nurture

Question 26

Which statement concerning the study of the brain and the nervous system is MOST accurate?  a) The term \"neuroscience\" refers to the study of the brain and the nervous system, whereas the term \"biological psychology\" refers to the study of how the nervous system influences behavior. b) The terms \"neuroscience\" and \"biological psychology\" both refer to the study of the brain and the nervous system. c) The term \"biological psychology\" refers to the study of the brain and the nervous system, whereas the term \"neuroscience\" refers to the study of how the nervous system influences behavior. d) The terms \"neuroscience\" and \"biological psychology\" both refer to the study of how the nervous system influences behavior.

Accepted Answer

a) The term \"neuroscience\" refers to the study of the brain and the nervous system, whereas the term \"biological psychology\" refers to the study of how the nervous system influences behavior.

Question 27

Dendrite is to axon as _____ is to _____.  a) sending; receiving b) action potential; reuptake c) electrical; chemical d) receiving; sending

Accepted Answer

d) receiving; sending

Question 28

Electrical wires are generally protected by a tube of plastic. A similar insulating function is performed in the nervous system by:  a) dendrites. b) terminal buds. c) glial cells. d) myelin.

Accepted Answer

d) myelin.

Question 29

Which sequence correctly orders neuronal components from the largest and most inclusive to the smallest and most specific?  a) axon > vesicle > terminal bud b) vesicle > terminal bud > axon c) vesicle > axon > terminal bud d) axon > terminal bud > vesicle

Accepted Answer

d) axon > terminal bud > vesicle

Question 30

Within neurons is to between neurons as _____ is to _____.  a) electrical; mechanical b) chemical; electrical c) electrical; chemical d) mechanical; chemical

Accepted Answer

c) electrical; chemical

Question 31

The neurotransmitter GABA opposes the action of the neurotransmitter:  a) acetylcholine. b) dopamine. c) glutamate. d) serotonin.

Accepted Answer

c) glutamate.

Question 32

Which neurotransmitter is correctly matched with a psychological function?  a) acetylcholine - produces feelings of pleasure b) glutamate - relief of pain c) serotonin - contributes to memory d) dopamine - facilitates learning

Accepted Answer

d) dopamine - facilitates learning

Question 33

Your textbook states that caffeine blocks adenosine receptors. Therefore, with respect to adenosine, caffeine is a(n):  a) agonist. b) antagonist. c) stimulator. d) inhibitor.

Accepted Answer

b) antagonist.

Question 34

The central nervous system consists of the _____. The peripheral nervous system comprises the _____.  a) brain and the spinal cord; somatic and autonomic nervous systems b) somatic and autonomic nervous systems; brain and the spinal cord c) somatic and autonomic nervous systems; sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems d) sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems; somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Accepted Answer

a) brain and the spinal cord; somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Question 35

Within the reflex circuit, it is the ______ that allows the spinal cord to control certain reflexes without the brain\'s help.  a) sensory neuron b) integrator c) interneuron d) motor neuron

Accepted Answer

not d

Question 36

Somatic is to autonomic as ______ is to ______.  a) rest; excitation b) voluntary; involuntary c) involuntary; voluntary d) excitation; rest

Accepted Answer

b) voluntary; involuntary

Question 37

Which situation is MOST likely to involve the action of the parasympathetic nervous system?  a) Brooke\'s finger accidentally grazes the hot iron; she immediately jerks her hand away. b) After a satisfying evening meal, Callum relaxes in front of the television. c) Walking toward her car in a deserted parking garage one night, Danica is surprised by a strange man who seems to appear from nowhere. d) None of these situations reflects the action of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

b) After a satisfying evening meal, Callum relaxes in front of the television.

Question 38

Public speaking frightens Pavel. Unfortunately, he is scheduled to give a presentation when his class begins in 5 minutes. Pavel\'s _____ nervous system is probably kicking into high gear.  a) parasympathetic b) sympathetic c) somatic d) reflexive

Accepted Answer

b) sympathetic

Question 39

Regarding the brain\'s hemispheres, which statement is true?  a) The functions of the two hemispheres are identical. b) The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body. c) The left hemisphere controls the left side of the body. d) The brain\'s hemispheres are perfectly symmetrical.

Accepted Answer

b) The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body.

Question 40

The left and right hemispheres of the brain are connected by a bundle of fibers called the:  a) corpus callosum. b) cerebellum. c) information superhighway. d) central sulcus.

Accepted Answer

a) corpus callosum.

Question 41

Trevor is scratching his head, trying desperately to solve a visual analogy as part of an intelligence test; Sienna, meanwhile, is giving an oral presentation in a political science class. Of the brain\'s hemispheres, Trevor\'s _____ hemisphere is MOST active; Sienna\'s _____ hemisphere is MOST active.  a) right; left b) right; right c) left; left d) left; right

Accepted Answer

a) right; left

Question 42

Language production is to language comprehension as _____ is to _____.  a) Wernicke; Hitzig b) Hitzig; Wernicke c) Broca; Hitzig d) Broca; Wernicke

Accepted Answer

d) Broca; Wernicke

Question 43

Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between neuroplasticity and neurogenesis?  a) Neurogenesis is an example of neuroplasticity. b) Neuroplasticity is an example of neurogenesis. c) Neurogenesis is the same process as neuroplasticity. d) Neuroplasticity is unrelated to neurogenesis.

Accepted Answer

a) Neurogenesis is an example of neuroplasticity.

Question 44

Vision is to the occipital lobe as _____ is to the _____ lobe.  a) touch; frontal b) hearing; parietal c) hearing; frontal d) touch; parietal

Accepted Answer

d) touch; parietal

Question 45

Alphonse suffered a stroke, resulting in a lesion in his temporal lobe. Which of Alphonse\'s perceptual or cognitive functions is MOST likely impaired?  a) motor coordination b) hearing c) decision-making d) vision

Accepted Answer

b) hearing

Question 46

Sensory and motor information is integrated in the _____ areas of the cortex.  a) relational b) correlation c) coordination d) association

Accepted Answer

d) association

Question 47

Networks of neurons in the _____ lobe are involved in processing emotions and making plans.  a) frontal b) parietal c) temporal d) occipital

Accepted Answer

a) frontal

Question 48

Which statement BEST describes the relationship between the amount of motor cortex devoted to the control of a particular movement and the degree of precision required by the movement?  a) There is only a weak relationship. b) There is a negative correlation. c) There is a positive correlation. d) There is no relationship.

Accepted Answer

c) There is a positive correlation.

Question 49

A neuroscientist finds that as compared to civilian college students, veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan show higher activation in a certain brain area when they are shown intense, emotional pictures. This brain area is MOST likely the:  a) amygdala. b) hypothalamus. c) hippocampus. d) thalamus.

Accepted Answer

a) amygdala.

Question 50

The part of brainstem closest to the spinal cord is the _____; it is important for such functions as _____.  a) pons; movement b) medulla; breathing and heart rate c) medulla; movement d) pons; breathing and heart rate

Accepted Answer

b) medulla; breathing and heart rate

Question 51

The process by which receptor cells detect stimuli is called:  a) sensation. b) perception. c) transduction. d) adaptation.

Accepted Answer

a) sensation.

Question 52

Detection is to interpretation as _____ is to _____.  a) perception; transduction b) perception; sensation c) sensation; perception d) transduction; sensation

Accepted Answer

c) sensation; perception

Question 53

Data-based processing is to knowledge-based processing as _____ is to _____.  a) perception; sensation b) bottom-up; top-down c) experience; sensory information d) top-down; bottom-up

Accepted Answer

b) bottom-up; top-down

Question 54

Which statement MOST accurately expresses the relationship between knowledge-based and data-based processing?  a) Some stimuli are processed in a data-based fashion, whereas others are processed in a knowledge-based manner. b) Knowledge-based and data-based processes occur simultaneously during the perception of many, if not all, stimuli. c) Knowledge-based processes only contribute to perception when stimuli are highly unusual, unexpected, or ambiguous. d) The contribution to perception of data-based processes is much smaller than that of knowledge-based processes.

Accepted Answer

b) Knowledge-based and data-based processes occur simultaneously during the perception of many, if not all, stimuli.

Question 55

One can detect a single drop of perfume diffused in an area the size of a one-bedroom apartment. This is a(n):  a) psychophysical minimum. b) just noticeable difference. c) difference threshold. d) absolute threshold.

Accepted Answer

d) absolute threshold.

Question 56

Why, really, do we adapt after prolonged exposure to a constant stimulus?  a) so that we continue to respond to ongoing stimulation b) so that we detect potentially important changes in what\'s going on c) so that we don\'t become distracted by irrelevant changes in the environment d) so that we don\'t become overstimulated by the environment

Accepted Answer

b) so that we detect potentially important changes in what\'s going on

Question 57

Which alternative BEST expresses the influence of subliminal stimuli?  a) Subliminal stimuli have a lasting effect on behavior. b) Subliminal stimuli have no effect on emotion or behavior. c) Subliminal stimuli have a short-lived effect on emotion. d) Subliminal stimuli have lasting effects on emotion and behavior.

Accepted Answer

not d

Question 58

Approximately 65 to 75% of the eye\'s focusing ability comes from the:  a) lens. b) cornea. c) pupil. d) retina.

Accepted Answer

b) cornea.

Question 59

Within the eye itself, the _____ is the final destination for light waves.  a) retina b) lens c) cornea d) pupil

Accepted Answer

a) retina

Question 60

Which sequence accurately reflects the order in which light passes through the structures of the eye during vision?  a) pupil, lens, cornea, retina b) cornea, lens, pupil, retina c) pupil, cornea, lens, retina d) cornea, pupil, lens, retina

Accepted Answer

d) cornea, pupil, lens, retina

Question 61

Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between the retina and the fovea?  a) Light passes through the fovea on its way to the retina. b) The retina is part of the fovea. c) The fovea is part of the retina. d) They are one and the same: the terms are synonymous.

Accepted Answer

c) The fovea is part of the retina.

Question 62

Adelaide notices a flicker of motion out of the corner of her eye as she hurries down a dim alley late at night. Sydney deciphers a complex wiring diagram under the bright glare of her desk lamp. Adelaide\'s vision is driven mainly by her _____. Sydney is mainly using her ______.  a) cones; cones b) rods; cones c) rods; rods d) cones; rods

Accepted Answer

b) rods; cones

Question 63

Visual feature detectors are found in the _____ lobe.  a) parietal b) frontal c) occipital d) temporal

Accepted Answer

c) occipital

Question 64

How do trichromatic and opponent-process theories differ?  a) In opponent-process theory, the cells responsive to color operate in conjunction rather than independently. b) In opponent-process theory, the cells responsive to color operate independently rather than in conjunction. c) Opponent-process theory suggests that there are three, rather than four, primary colors. d) Trichromatic theory offers a better explanation of the perception of afterimages.

Accepted Answer

a) In opponent-process theory, the cells responsive to color operate in conjunction rather than independently.

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