Psychology Chapter 5 Test
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A psychologist observes a group of 9-year-olds and a group of 13-year-olds during recess at school in order to assess changes in playgroup preferences of boys and girls between these two ages. This researcher's study uses a ________ design.
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cross-sectional
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A study compares a group of 20-year-olds and a group of 40-year-olds. Each group is revisited every year for the next 5 years. This is a _______ design.
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cross-sequential
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________ encompasses our emotional and social lives.
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psycho-social development
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Genes that tend to fade into the background when paired with a more dominant gene are called:
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recessive
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________ occurs when there exists an abnormality of an overabundance of a DNA segment within a particular gene on the X chromosome.
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fragile X syndrome
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The process by which an egg cell (or an ovum) and a sperm cell unite is called:
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fertilization
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Women who take fertility drugs to assist in becoming pregnant have increased chances of giving birth to:
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dizygotic twins
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Conjoined twins cannot be separated because they share a:
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lower body
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The first two weeks after fertilization, during which the zygote moves down to the uterus and begins to implant in the lining, is known as the ____________.
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germinal period
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During critical periods of a pregnancy:
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environmental influences can have an impact on a developing infant
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Why are monozygotic twins commonly referred to as "identical twins"?
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because one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells, which are identical
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Immediately after birth:
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an infant's respiratory system begins to function
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At birth, infants show a preference for ________ tastes.
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sweet
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The ____ will not fully develop until approximately 6 months after birth.
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cones of the eye
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By using techniques such as the habituation method, researchers have found that the sense of ______ is the most well developed at birth.
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touch
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By five months, most babies can _________________________.
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roll over
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A child may see a dog and say, "Cat!" because both have fur. When corrected, the child may change her scheme for cat to "furry" and "pointy ears." This is:
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accommodation
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Three-year-old Kara loves Barbie dolls, so she decides to give one to her mother for Christmas. This is:
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ehocentrism
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A child who says, "Juice!" to mean, "I want some juice!" is using __________________________.
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a holophrase
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Wakefield's study linking the MMR vaccine to autism ______________________________________.
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has since been discredited
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Early in life, infants will demonstrate their personalities through their _________________.
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temperaments
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With respect to attachment style, ______ babies seem to have little interest or concern regarding their mother's presence or absence.
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avoidant
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Psychologist Harry Harlow found that:
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contact comfort is an important factor in love and attachment
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According to Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development, the developmental crisis for preschool age children (ages 3 to 5 years) is:
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initiative versus guilt
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In which stages of Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development will a child develop a sense of independence if he or she successfully deals with a crisis?
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toddler
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Rebecca is no longer physically a child but is not yet an independent, self-supporting adult. Which of the following is likely TRUE of Rebecca?
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she is an adolescent
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Puberty begins:
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about two years after the beginning of a growth spurt
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When adolescents move into Piaget's final stage of formal operations, what becomes possible?
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abstract thinking
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A child who criticizes his parent for speeding because speeding is against the law is demonstrating ________ morality.
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conventional
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Most parent/teen conflicts _________________________________.
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are over trivial issues such as hair, clothing, and taste in music
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Near the end of one's ________, oil glands in the neck and around the eyes begin to malfunction, contributing to wrinkles in those areas.
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20s
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In middle age, sexual functioning:
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usually does not decline
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The cessation of ovulation and the menstrual cycle is called:
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menopause
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Children raised with an authoritarian style of parenting are often:
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insecure and resentful
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Probably the most noticeable changes in middle-aged cognition are changes in:
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memory
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________ is the final completion of the ego.
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integrity
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Jude believes that people are primarily influenced by the environment and learned experiences. This means he believes __________ plays a powerful role in human development.
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nurture
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Keith inherited from both parents a recessive gene that is linked to the development of a blood disorder. Which of the following does Keith appear to have inherited?
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sickle-cell anemia
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An ovum that was released from Tonya's ovary into her fallopian tube was fertilized four days ago. The single cell that results is called _____.
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a zygote
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Martin, who is male, and Martina, who is female, are twins. What type of twins MUST they be?
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dizygotic
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Erika is 5 months old. If she is like the "typical" 5-month-old infant, which of the following might she prefer the most?
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salted grits
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At 5 months old, Merris began to make sounds that resembled real speech, such as "ma ma," "da da," and "ba ba." Which language developmental milestone had Merris reached?
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babbling
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Your roommate tells you to get out and do things so that you can slow down the aging process. Your roommate's advice is consistent with the _______________ theory of aging.
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activity
