Psychology Chapter 11 – Personality – Flashcards

1. The role of repressed childhood conflicts in personality disorders is most clearly emphasized by the ________ perspective. a. trait b. social-cognitive c. psychoanalytic d. humanistic

2. Jaydon doesn't realize that his alcohol abuse and neglect of his family is leading to the destruction of both his family and career. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Jaydon shows signs of a a. strong ego. b. weak id. c. strong superego. d. weak ego.

3. Freud suggested that adults with a passive personality marked by a childlike dependency demonstrate signs of a. an oral fixation. b. an inferiority complex. c. reaction formation. d. an Oedipus complex.

4. Bryce often acts so daring and overly confident that few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bryce best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as a. regression. b. projection. c. displacement. d. reaction formation.

5. Carl Jung emphasized the importance of ________ in personality functioning. a. inferiority feelings b. psychosexual stages c. the collective unconscious d. unconditional positive regard

6. Hermann Rorschach introduced what has become the most widely used ________ test. a. empirically derived b. self-esteem c. factor analytic d. projective

7. Abraham Maslow suggested that individuals who are open, spontaneous, and not paralyzed by others' opinions illustrate a. extraversion. b. reaction formation. c. self-actualization. d. collectivism.

8. Humanistic psychology has been most closely associated with an emphasis on the importance of a. empirically derived tests. b. reciprocal determinism. c. a positive self-concept. d. free association.

9. Which technique would psychologists use to assess whether a cluster of characteristics that includes ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance reflects a single personality trait? a. projective testing b. factor analysis c. empirically derived testing d. free association

10. During a phone call to the Psychic Network, Mark was told that "you often worry about things much more than you admit, even to your best friends." Mark's amazement at the psychic's apparent understanding of his personality best illustrates a. the spotlight effect. b. self-serving bias. c. the Barnum effect. d. an Electra complex.

11. One of the Big Five personality factors is a. reciprocal determinism. b. self-actualization. c. agreeableness. d. free association.

12. Sarah's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments. This best illustrates a. self-serving bias. b. reciprocal determinism. c. unconditional positive regard. d. the spotlight effect.

13. When Vanessa noticed that she was wearing mismatched socks, she overestimated the extent to which others would also notice. Her reaction best illustrates a. the spotlight effect. b. defensive self-esteem. c. rationalization. d. the Barnum effect.

14. Although she is intelligent and a good athlete, Abigail believes that her low grades in school and losing the quarter-mile race are reflections of her own intellectual and athletic incompetence. Her conclusion best illustrates that she experiences a low level of a. free association. b. reciprocal determinism. c. neuroticism. d. self-efficacy.

15. Displays of polite humility are most characteristic of those who value a. individualism. b. free association. c. collectivism. d. reciprocal determinism.

1. Although Alex has frequently been caught stealing money and other valuables from friends as well as strangers, he does not feel guilty or remorseful about robbing these people. Alex most clearly demonstrates a(n) a. inferiority complex. b. external locus of control. c. weak superego. d. secure self-esteem.

2. According to psychoanalytic theory, boys' fear of castration is most closely associated with a. an oral fixation. b. free association. c. the spotlight effect. d. the Oedipus complex.

3. Freud thought that the part of a dream that we remember is a censored version of a. unconditional positive regard. b. the spotlight effect. c. unconscious wishes. d. self-serving bias.

4. Bonnie is afraid to express anger at her overbearing and irritating supervisor at work, so she is critical of her children instead. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Bonnie's reaction to her children illustrates a. identification. b. reaction formation. c. displacement. d. projection.

5. Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and Carl Jung were a. trait theorists. b. neo-Freudians. c. social-cognitive theorists. d. behaviorists.

6. Children who have witnessed a parent's murder report memories that most clearly challenge Freud's concept of a. erogenous zones. b. reaction formation. c. displacement. d. repression.

7. According to Maslow, the desire for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self refers to the motive for a. reciprocal determinism. b. immediate gratification. c. self-transcendence. d. unconditional positive regard.

8. Who emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in healthy personality development? a. Gordon Allport b. Albert Bandura c. Carl Rogers d. Alfred Adler

9. The MMPI was originally developed to identify a. a hierarchy of needs. b. psychosexual stages. c. unconditional positive regard. d. emotional disorders.

10. Around the world, people describe others' personality traits in terms that are consistent with a set of factors called a. defense mechanisms. b. psychosexual stages. c. the hierarchy of needs. d. the Big Five.

11. The stability of personality during adulthood best illustrates the value of a. unconditional positive regard. b. the spotlight effect. c. factor analysis. d. trait theories.

12. We can better predict drivers' behavior at traffic lights from knowing the color of the lights than from knowing the drivers' personalities. This best illustrates the importance of a. collectivism. b. the spotlight effect. c. self-transcendence. d. situational influences.

13. The social-cognitive perspective highlights the interaction of personal traits with our environment, a process that Albert Bandura called a. free association. b. self-actualization. c. reciprocal determinism. d. reaction formation.

14. Card players who attribute their wins to their own skill and their losses to bad luck best illustrate a. unconditional positive regard. b. reciprocal determinism. c. the spotlight effect. d. self-serving bias.

15. Defining one's identity primarily in terms of one's unique personality traits is most closely associated with a. self-transcendence. b. individualism. c. conscientiousness. d. the Barnum effect.

1. At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. These were replaced with psychiatric hospitals in which attempts were made to diagnose and cure those with psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of a. psychoanalytic theory. b. the DSM-IV-TR. c. the medical model. d. linkage analysis.

2. A current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders is known as the a. DID. b. medical model. c. DSM-IV-TR. d. biopsychosocial approach.

3. Lenore is unexplainably and continually tense and is plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from a. a phobia. b. a dissociative disorder. c. obsessive-compulsive disorder. d. generalized anxiety disorder.

4. Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event that render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing signs of a. obsessive-compulsive disorder. b. generalized anxiety disorder. c. post-traumatic stress disorder. d. dissociative identity disorder.

5. Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when approaching any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear results from a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a child. The therapist's suggestion highlights the impact of a. explanatory style. b. repressed impulses. c. conditioning. d. temperament.

6. Elaine feels that her life is empty, has lost all interest in her career and hobbies, and wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from a. a dissociative disorder. b. antisocial personality disorder. c. a mood disorder. d. agoraphobia.

7. An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with a. a manic episode. b. schizophrenia. c. a dissociative disorder. d. antisocial personality disorder.

8. Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his life savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from a. compulsions. b. catatonia. c. delusions. d. hallucinations.

10. Catatonia is characterized by a. periods of immobility or excessive, purposeless movement. b. offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person. c. hyperactive, wildly optimistic states of emotion. d. delusions of persecution.

11. Therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce a. hallucinations. b. depression. c. agoraphobia. d. generalized anxiety disorder.

12. The relationship between the season of the year in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of ________ in this disorder. a. genetic influences b. viral infections c. oxygen deprivation d. learned helplessness

13. A sudden loss of memory is a symptom of a. bipolar disorder. b. a dissociative disorder. c. panic disorder. d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

14. Melissa uses laxatives in an attempt to lose some of the weight she gained from binge eating. Melissa most clearly demonstrates symptoms of a. anorexia nervosa. b. agoraphobia. c. bulimia nervosa. d. panic disorder.

15. Kyle is extremely manipulative and can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to any suffering they might experience as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates a. schizophrenia. b. dissociative identity disorder. c. obsessive-compulsive disorder. d. antisocial personality disorder.

9. Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia? a. hallucinations b. delusions c. a motionless body d. inappropriate rage

1. Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of a. DID. b. OCD. c. PTSD. d. ADHD.

2. An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is most clearly provided by a. linkage analysis. b. a biopsychosocial approach. c. the medical model. d. the psychoanalytic perspective.

3. After participants in one study were informed that a videotaped interviewee was a psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases such as "a passive, dependent type" and "frightened of his own aggressive impulses." This study best illustrated the a. dangers of dissociative identity disorder. b. unreliability of the DSM-IV-TR. c. biasing power of diagnostic labels. d. shortcomings of the social-cognitive perspective.

4. Symptoms that may be misperceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of a. bipolar disorder. b. panic disorder. c. dissociative disorders. d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

5. Although Mark realizes that his behavior is unreasonable, he is so alarmed by high bridges or expressway overpasses that he avoids them by taking an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from a. obsessive-compulsive disorder. b. a mood disorder. c. a phobia. d. generalized anxiety disorder.

6. Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress intrusive thoughts that she might have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of a. panic disorder. b. obsessive-compulsive disorder. c. generalized anxiety disorder. d. a histrionic personality disorder.

7. Mr. Hoffman has always been cautious with his money, but over the past two weeks he has developed grandiose plans to bet his entire life savings on a single horse race. With unrestrained exuberance he has also been giving everybody he sees unsolicited advice on how to make millions in the stock market. Mr. Hoffman's behavior is most indicative of a. obsessive-compulsive disorder. b. antisocial personality disorder. c. mania. d. panic disorder.

8. Amanda's therapist suggests that her depression results from mistakenly blaming herself rather than a slumping economy for her recent job loss. Her therapist's suggestion best illustrates a a. DSM-IV-TR diagnosis. b. linkage analysis. c. medical model. d. social-cognitive perspective.

9. Mrs. Higgins believes that aliens from another planet have removed her stomach and are watching her to see how long it takes her to grow another one. Mrs. Higgins is most likely suffering from a. agoraphobia. b. bipolar disorder. c. schizophrenia. d. dissociative identity disorder.

10. Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him that he is so evil he should drown himself. Michael is experiencing a. a panic attack. b. catatonia. c. flat affect. d. hallucinations.

13. Lindsey is extremely afraid of becoming obese even though she is underweight. She often checks her body in the mirror for any signs of fat and refuses to eat most foods because she insists they are fatty or high in calories. Lindsey most clearly demonstrates symptoms of a. bulimia nervosa. b. agoraphobia. c. anorexia nervosa. d. panic disorder.

14. Low levels of anxiety are most characteristic of a. antisocial personality disorder. b. dissociative identity disorder. c. obsessive-compulsive disorder. d. major depressive disorder.

15. Symptoms of schizophrenia begin to appear at a median age of about a. 5. b. 12. c. 20. d. 32.

11. Oxygen deprivation at the time of birth is a known risk factor for a. panic disorder. b. schizophrenia. c. bipolar disorder. d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

12. The suggestion that dissociative identity disorder symptoms are created as defenses against the anxiety caused by one's own unacceptable impulses best illustrates the a. psychodynamic perspective. b. biopsychosocial approach. c. medical model. d. social-cognitive perspective.