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psychologist define stress as

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The process by which we appraise and respond to threatening or challenging events

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two-thirds of Americans responding to surveys taken in the three weeks after 9-11 terrorist attacks reported

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Sleeping difficulties

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In response to stress, the adrenal glands release

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Epinephrine

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The general adaption syndrome describes stages in the

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Body's response to prolonged stress

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Dental students healed more slowly from punch wounds received three days prior to a major exam than from punch wounds during summer vacation. The slower healing prior to a major exam is best explained by the students' temporarily reduced release of

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Lymphocytes

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Who is the best example of a type A personality

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Philip, a competitive, hot-tempered corporation president

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Who is the best example of a type B personality

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Wang Lung, A relaxed, easygoing dentist

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In their classic nine-year study, Friedman and Rosenman reported that, compared with type A men, type B men were

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Less susceptible to heart attacks

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A Harvard School of Public Health researched team studied 1306 initially healthy men over a 10 year period. They found that____ were more than twice as likely as___ to develop heart disease

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Pessimist: optimists

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To alleviate the stress of losing her job, Alicia enrolled in a work retaining program that led t0 full-time employment. Alicia's behavior best illustrates

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problem-focused coping

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Rats that received electric shocks were unlikely yo develop ulcers if the

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Rats could control the termination of the shocks

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Alex experiences little stress because he expects things to work out the way he wants them to. This best illustrates the value of

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Optimism

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Aerobic exercise has been most closely linked to decrease in

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Depression

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One possible explanation for the longer life expectancy of religiously active people is that

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They receive more social support

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They study of positive emotions, desirable character traits, and enabling institutions is central to the emerging subfield know as

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positive psychology

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The frequency of positive and negative emotion words used by US facebook users indicates that their most positive moods were expressed on

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Fridays

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Which of the following factors has been found to be clearly related to feelings of general happiness or life satisfaction

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Having an active religious faith

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One way for people to improve their own subjective well-being is to

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Participate in regular aerobic exercise

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After receiving very bad news, people ___ the duration of their negative emotions

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Overestimate

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The feel-good, do-good phenomenon refers to the fact that when people feel happy they

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Are more willing to help others

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An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting is his or her

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Personality

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Psychoanalysis refers to the personality theory and the therapeutic practices developed by

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Sigmund Freud

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By professional training, Freud was a

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Physician

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According to Freud , the unconscious is

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The thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories, of which we are largely unaware

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Free association is central to the process of

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Psychoanalysis

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When 2 year old Matthew was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate, he threw his plate on the floor in a temper tantrum. Freud would have suggested that Matthew was unable to resist the demands of his

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id.

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Freud emphasized that the id operates on the ___ principle

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pleasure

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Ego is to id as ___ is to ___

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Reality principle; pleasure principle

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According to Freud, the part of personality that represents our sense of right and wrong and our ideal standard is the

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Superego

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Freud suggested that the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct pleasure-sensitive areas of the body known as

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Erogenous Zones

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The Oedipus Complex is the term used by Freud to describe

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Boy's feelings of guilt and fear of punishment over their sexual desire for their mother

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Gender Identity refers to

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The sense of being male or female

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According to Freud, Defense mechanisms are used by the

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Ego to prevent threatening impulses from being consciously recognized

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When she was 8 years-old, Inge was sexually abused by her uncle. At 14, Inge felt uncomfortable whenever she saw this uncle but was unable to understand why she felt this way. A psychoanalyst would most likely suggest that Inge is using the defense mechanism of

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repression

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Freud believed that the manifest content of dreams consisted of

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Censored expressions of unconscious wishes

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Four year-old Timmy had not wet the bed for over a year. However, he started bed-wetting again soon after his sister was born. Timmy behavior illustrates

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Regression

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Alfred Adler was a neo-Freudian who proposed the concept

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The inferiority complex

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Karen Horney, a prominent neo-Freudian, disputed Freud's assumption that women

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Have weak superegos

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Carl Jung referred to a shared reservoir of memory traces from our species history as the

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Collective unconscious

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The famous test introduced by Hermann Rorschach asks test-takers to respond to

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Meaningless inkblots

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Right-hemisphere activity enables a split-brain patient's left hand to carry out instructions the patient cannot verbalize. This best illustrates the importance of

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Unconscious thought

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Carl Rogers would have suggested that many of the defense mechanisms described by Freud are used to minimize the perceived discrepancy between

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The actual self and the ideal self

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The MMPI is an example of a(n)

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Personality Inventory

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IN assessing candidates for spy missions during WWII, US Army psychologist subjected them to simulated undercover conditions, This best illustrates the use of an assessment strategy favored by ___ theories

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Social-cognitive

question

Narcissism refers to excessive

answer

Self-love

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