question

Psychology is defined as: A) the study of behavior and mental processes. B) the study of behavior. C) the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. D) the science of behavior and consequences.

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C) the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

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Socrates and Plato were in agreement that: A) knowledge is something we are born with. B) knowledge is something taught and learned. C) the mind is the result of bodily fluids. D) the mind is the activity of the brain.

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A) knowledge is something we are born with.

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It was _____ who believed that the mind grows from experiences in our memory. A) Socrates B) Plato C) Descartes D) Aristotle

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D) Aristotle

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believed the fluid in the cavities of the brain contained "animal spirits". A) Plato B) Bacon C) Aristotle D) Descartes

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D) Descartes

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An essay of the political philosopher _____, arguing the mind is a blank slate, helped form modern empiricism. A) Bacon B) Locke C) Descartes D) Plato

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B) Locke

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The first psychological laboratory was established by: A) Wilhelm Wundt. B) Sigmund Freud. C) John Locke. D) B.F. Skinner.

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A) Wilhelm Wundt.

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Tichner believed in the method called ____ to investigate psychological processes. A) the experimental method B) cause-and-effect relationships C) introspection D) psychoanalysis

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C) introspection

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William James studied behavior based on how it was adaptive. He was heavily influenced by _____. A) John Locke B) Charles Darwin C) Sigmund Freud D) Francis Bacon

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B) Charles Darwin

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Mary Calkins was famous for: A) being the first female president of the APA. B) being a leading proponent of structuralism. C) being the first female graduate student, thanks to Titchner. D) all of the above.

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A) being the first female president of the APA.

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The first textbook was written by: A) Washburn. B) Titchner. C) Wundt. D) James.

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D) James.

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Watson and Skinner would be in agreement in their: A) high esteem of psychoanalysis. B) dismissal of introspection. C) definition of psychology as the study of behavior and mental processes. D) study of cognitive neuroscience

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B) dismissal of introspection.

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Current psychology employs three main levels of analysis, which include all of the following except: A) biological. B) psychological. C) psychoanalytical. D) social-cultural.

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C) psychoanalytical.

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A psychologist explains human mate selection in terms of helping the species to continue. She is using the ____ perspective. A) social-cultural B) neuroscience C) evolutionary D) biological

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C) evolutionary

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In psychology, the current stand on the nature-nurture controversy is: A) nature works on what nature endows. B) learning is far more important than genetics. C) genetics is far more important than learning. D) we are born with a blank slate until learning occurs.

answer

A) nature works on what nature endows.

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In studying anger, the psychologist who views an anger outburst as an outlet for unconscious hostility is coming from the ___ perspective. A) neuroscience B) evolutionary C) cognitive D) psychodynamic

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D) psychodynamic

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The psychologist most likely to treat mental disorders is the: A) counseling psychologist. B) clinical psychologist. C) personality psychologist. D) developmental psychologist.

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B) clinical psychologist.

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The ___ has a medical degree and prescribes medication. A) clinical psychologist B) neuropsychologist C) psychiatrist D) all of the above

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C) psychiatrist

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You are a VP in a major corporation and need to hire a professional to help hire and train employees more effectively. Your best choice would likely be a(n): A) industrial/organizational psychologist. B) clinical psychologist. C) social psychologist. D) cognitive psychologist.

answer

A) industrial/organizational psychologist.

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Research aimed at building psychology's knowledge base is: A) applied research. B) academic research. C) basic research. D) theoretical research.

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C) basic research.

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The psychological specialty most likely to focus on applied research is: A) Biological Psychology. B) Cognitive Psychology. C) Personality Psychology. D) Industrial/Organizational Psychology.

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D) Industrial/Organizational Psychology.

question

The correct order of the SQ3R method is: A) survey, question, review, read, reflect. B) survey, question, read, review, reflect. C) survey, question, read, reorganize, regurgitate. D) study, question, re-study, re-read, review.

answer

B) survey, question, read, review, reflect.

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Your friend, Bob, tells you he only studies the day before the test, so it is, "fresh". You point out: A) short-term memory is more accurate than long-term memory. B) studying right before the test is better than the day before. C) spaced practice is more effective. D) as long as he follows the SQ3R model, he should do fine.

answer

C) spaced practice is more effective.

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In class, you can listen actively by: A) asking questions. B) write down main ideas. C) thinking about what is being said. D) all of the above.

answer

D) all of the above.

question

Your text recommends the way to answer multiple-choice questions is to: A) cover the answers first. B) weigh the potential of each answer. C) eliminate the wrong answers first. D) imagine how each answer could be the right one.

answer

A) cover the answers first.

question

Over 100 years ago, _____ urged active listening, stating, "No reception without reaction, no impression without . . . expression." A) Sigmund Freud B) William James C) John Locke D) Wilhelm Wundt

answer

B) William James

question

Psychology is currently defined as: A) the scientific study of behavior. B) the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. C) the scientific study of biological and cognitive processes. D) the scientific study of motives and conflicts.

answer

B

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The ____ administers tests and provides therapy and the ___ prescribes medication. A) clinical psychologist; psychiatrist B) psychiatrist; clinical psychologist C) counseling psychologist; clinical psychologist D) school psychologist; clinical psychologist

answer

A

question

In the SQ3R model, the recommended sequence is: A) survey, question, read, reason, review. B) study, question, review, read, reflect. C) study, question, read, review, reflect. D) survey, question, read, review, reflect.

answer

D

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Dr. James proposes that men's desire for young, healthy women contributes to the survival of the human species. He is taking the ___ perspective. A) psychodynamic B) neurological C) evolutionary D) socio-cultural

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C

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Together, three different levels form an integrated approach to understanding psychological processes. This approach is called: A) neuro-developmental. B) biopsychosocial. C) bio-mental-behavioral. D) cognitive-behavioral.

answer

B

question

Julie appeared not to be surprised when the couple broke up. "I could have predicted that," she said. Julie is demonstrating: A) ESP. B) hindsight bias. C) overestimation the extent to which others share her opinion. D) correlation proves causation.

answer

B

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To have a scientific attitude, we should not just believe something we have been told, we should examine the evidence, ask questions and come to our own conclusions. This process is called: A) a hypothesis. B) an experiment. C) critical thinking. D) logical reasoning.

answer

C

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A hypothesis is a(n): A) testable prediction that gives direction to research. B) way to organize facts. C) process of linking facts to deeper principles. D) set of principles that explains newly discovered facts.

answer

A

question

According to the recommendations by the Psychologists for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, research using animal subjects: A) should not be done. B) should be conducted in a controlled laboratory. C) should only be conducted in order to save lives. D) should be done through naturalistic observation.

answer

D

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The following is an example of an operational definition: A) stress is defined as how well a person adjusts to his/her environment. B) personality is defined as how well that person relates to others. C) empathy is defined as showing you can understand the other person's feelings. D) intelligence is defined as a score on an intelligence test. E) all of the above.

answer

D

question

When everybody has an equal chance of being included in a study, this process is called: A) unbiased reporting. B) a survey. C) a random sample. D) reliability.

answer

C

question

Which of the following correlation coefficients reflects the strongest correlation? A) +.10 B) -.64 C) +.35 D) -.10

answer

B

question

A mistaken belief that two factors or events are related when they are not is called: A) the rule of falsifiability. B) pseudoscience. C) an illusory correlation. D) paranormal phenomena.

answer

C

question

Joan had not been able to get pregnant for years so she and her husband decided to adopt. Six months after the adoption, Joan became pregnant. This proves: A) the belief that infertile couples are more likely to have a child after adoption. B) if you try hard to have a child, you are less likely to. C) she must have become remarried. D) coincidences which confirm a belief are believed to be meaningful.

answer

D

question

Consistently, we find low self-esteem is often related with high levels of depression. This means: A) low self-esteem causes depression. B) depression causes low self-esteem. C) low self-esteem and depression are caused by a third factor. D) they are correlated but this does not prove causation.

answer

D

question

In order to prove a cause-and-effect relationship, we must use: A) naturalistic observation. B) the experimental method. C) human subjects. D) correlation coefficients.

answer

B

question

In an experiment, the group of participants who are exposed to the treatment of interest is in the: A) control condition. B) independent condition. C) placebo condition. D) experimental condition.

answer

D

question

Neither the researcher nor the subjects knew whether or not they received the drug studied or a placebo. This is an example of: A) expectancy effects. B) placebo effects. C) a double-blind study. D) nothing. It would be ridiculous

answer

C

question

The best way to assure the post-treatment differences found between the experimental and control groups is due to the treatment is by: A) random assignment. B) training your subjects well. C) letting your subjects know which group they are in. D) using a placebo.

answer

A

question

Dr. Schulte wants to investigate if aggressive behavior in children is increased if they view violent videos. In this instance, the dependent variable is: A) violent videos. B) aggressive behavior. C) a placebo. D) the control condition.

answer

B

question

Which measure of central tendency is the exact middle score of a distribution of scores? A) mean B) median C) mode D) coefficient

answer

B

question

is a measure of the degree of variation among a set of scores from each other. A) mean B) scatterplot C) standard deviation D) normal distribution

answer

C

question

Mean is to range as ____ is to ___. A) central tendency; variation B) frequency distribution; bar graph C) scatterplot; correlation D) mean; mode

answer

A

question

If results of research are not likely to have occurred by chance, we say the results are: A) an illusory correlation. B) descriptive. C) valid. D) statistically significant.

answer

D

question

Mr. Soda found in his experiment more Americans enjoyed Coke than Pepsi. He blindfolded 100 people, had them taste each and then report. You would recommend that Mr. Soda: A) should use other colas, too. B) should have tested non-Americans. C) should test many more subjects. D) should have some test 7-up.

answer

C

question

What is one of the major reasons that psychologists report results publicly?

answer

to allow researchers to replicate experiments

question

What did Sigmund Freud consider as the key to understanding the nervous disorders he observed?

answer

unconscious mind

question

The goals of psychology are to __________.

answer

describe, explain, predict, and control behavior

question

Which type of psychologist would be most likely to argue that a criminal engages in unlawful behavior because he grew up around older boys who engaged in criminal activities?

answer

behavioralist

question

Perceiving the question is the first step in a scientific investigation. This step is derived from which goal of psychology?

answer

describing

question

You attend a lecture by a psychologist who uses terms such as free will, human nature, and self-actualization. Which psychological perspective is most consistent with the points the psychologist presented?

answer

humanism

question

Which of these is the most accurate definition of the discipline of psychology?

answer

the science of behavior and mental processes

question

Dr. Braunz has been treating a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. She decides to write a prescription for Ritalin. Given this information, it is most likely that Dr. Braunz is a ___________.

answer

psychiatrist

question

Professor Beverly approaches questions about human behavior from a perspective that emphasizes bodily events and chemicals, such as hormones, associated with behavior. It is most likely that she accepts which of the following psychological approaches?

answer

biopsychological

question

is a system used for reducing bias and error in the measurement of data

answer

The scientific method

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