Question 1

Shellie takes college courses that interest her and enjoys learning for its own sake. Tori takes courses in which she is fairly certain she\'ll do well and studies mainly to ensure good grades. Shellie is _____ motivated, whereas Tori is _____ motivated.

Accepted Answer

intrinsically; extrinsically

Question 2

Which of the following is TRUE about approaches to motivation?

Accepted Answer

Even specific behaviors like the need for food can be drawn on several approaches for the fullest account of what motivates one\'s behavior.

Question 3

To which of the following behaviors is the drive-reduction approach least applicable?

Accepted Answer

Studying long hours

Question 4

Dr. LaGrange is skeptical of drive theories of motivation. Which of the following behaviors is he most likely to cite to justify his skepticism?

Accepted Answer

Bungee jumping

Question 5

In relation to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, more recent research:

Accepted Answer

has disconfirmed the idea that emotional experiences are controlled by the thalamus.

Question 6

Hakiro, a Japanese, reports experiencing hagaii. He is experiencing a:

Accepted Answer

mood of vulnerable heartache colored by frustration.

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?

Accepted Answer

In some cases, providing rewards for desirable behavior actually may decrease intrinsic motivation.

Question 8

The results of the Schachter-Singer experiment:

Accepted Answer

support a cognitive view of emotions.

Question 9

Larissa is highly invested in initiating and maintaining relationships. She is high in the need for:

Accepted Answer

affiliation.

Question 10

Which approach to motivation is correctly paired with a behavior to which it is especially appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Drive-reductionâeating

Question 11

Mary Jo is taking the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). She is looking at:

Accepted Answer

pictures.

Question 12

\"Human behavior is varied and often seems unpredictable; also, people sometimes seek out extremely stimulating situations and activities.\" This statement is most likely that of a proponent of the _____ theory of motivation.

Accepted Answer

arousal

Question 13

Which of the following statements best expresses the fate of instinct approaches to motivation within mainstream psychology?

Accepted Answer

Instinct approaches to motivation still play a role in certain theories, especially those based on evolutionary approaches that focus on our genetic inheritance.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT among the shortcomings of instinct approaches to motivation?

Accepted Answer

Instinct approaches can account only for physiological motivations, not psychological ones.

Question 15

Approximately what proportion of men report thinking about sex every day?

Accepted Answer

just over half

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE of sexual responsiveness in females?

Accepted Answer

Women have the ability to cycle back to the orgasm phase and experience repeated orgasms.

Question 17

On an average, what proportion of married men are faithful to their spouses?

Accepted Answer

75%

Question 18

Nine-year-old Sarah is sexually abused by her 33-year-old stepfather. In the long term, she:

Accepted Answer

may turn to substance abuse.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE of chlamydia?

Accepted Answer

It initially produces no symptoms in females.

Question 20

How does human sexual motivation differ from that of other species?

Accepted Answer

Human sexual motivation varies more dramatically from individual to individual than does the sexual motivation of other species

Question 21

People who are sexually attracted to members of their own sex are called _____.

Accepted Answer

homosexual

Question 22

Amelia is having sexual intercourse with her husband; her breasts and vagina are expanding and her breathing rate has increased. Also, her muscle tension is increasing as she is preparing for an orgasm. Amelia is in the middle of which of the following phases of sexual responsiveness?

Accepted Answer

Plateau phase

Question 23

Hines, Fink, and Alexander studied a group of children whose mothers unknowingly took drugs containing androgen, a hormone, prior to their birth. They related this concentration of the hormone to the play preferences of the same children. Which of the following alternatives best expresses the results of the study?

Accepted Answer

For both boys and girls, androgen was positively related to male-typical play preferences.

Question 24

\"Permissiveness with affection\" means that:

Accepted Answer

premarital sex is permissible for men and women if it occurs in the context of a loving relationship.

Question 25

The notion that family dynamics and parent-child relationships contribute to homosexuality is associated with _____; the idea has _____ empirical support.

Accepted Answer

Freud; little, if any

Question 26

A(n) _____ is born with an atypical combination of sexual organs or chromosomal or gene patterns.

Accepted Answer

intersex person

Question 27

Which of the following statements is TRUE about gender differences in romantic jealousy?

Accepted Answer

Men are more likely to become jealous when a female partner is sexually unfaithful than when she develops a close friendship with another man.

Question 28

The female protagonist of a novel is a brave and fierce woman who fights wars and saves the people of her motherland. From this information, one can infer that the novel does not include the stereotypical aspects of _____.

Accepted Answer

socialization

Question 29

Mrs. Weston asks Colin if he wants his sandwich in one piece, or cut into two pieces. Colin tells her to keep it in one piece because he isn\'t hungry enough to eat two pieces. In the context of Piaget\'s theory, Colin\'s answer suggests that he does not:

Accepted Answer

understand the concept of conservation.

Question 30

Dennis\'s mother had consumed a substantial amount of alcohol during her pregnancy; Dennis\'s intelligence is below normal, his growth is slowed, and his facial features are slightly deformed. Ellis\'s mother had also consumed a small amount of alcohol, and Ellis shows some, but not all, of the problems Dennis displays. Dennis suffers from _____; Ellis suffers from _____.

Accepted Answer

fetal alcohol syndrome; fetal alcohol effects

Question 31

feelings of inferiority.

Accepted Answer

Derwood is 8 years old and he likes to do art projects at school. However, the projects he has completed so far have not received good grades, and in several instances his friends have made fun of his work. Based on Erikson\'s theory, Derwood is most likely to develop:

Question 32

concrete operational

Accepted Answer

Edward is 8 years of age and is currently in the second grade. In the context of the theory propagated by Piaget, Edward is in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Question 33

differences; changes

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional research techniques provide information about age _____ in development between different age groups. Longitudinal research techniques provide information concerning _____ in behavior over time.

Question 34

conservation

Accepted Answer

Jay complains to his father that he wants more juice. His father takes the juice Jay has in his glass and pours it into a taller but narrower glass. Jay is now content that he has more juice. Jay has failed to grasp the concept of:

Question 35

metacognitive ability

Accepted Answer

Two children are participating in a memory research: Heather, a preschooler, and Illeana, a sixth-grader. When the children fail a recall task, the researcher asks each child what she might do to succeed at the task the next time. Heather suggests that she would simply try again; Illeana proposes that she might try to write the items down. The difference in the girls\' responses most clearly illustrates an increase in _____ during childhood.

Question 36

object permanence.

Accepted Answer

To stop baby Rudy fussing for a sharp knife on the kitchen table, Rudy\'s mother put it in her apron pocket. \"Out of sight, out of mind,\" she said, and it worked. Rudy\'s mother has capitalized on his lack of the concept of:

Question 37

temperament

Accepted Answer

Which of the following constructs primarily reflects that \"nature\" is more influential than \"nurture\"?

Question 38

Longitudinal studies assess change in behavior over time, whereas cross-sectional studies assess differences among groups of people.

Accepted Answer

The difference between cross-sectional research methods and longitudinal research methods is that:

Question 39

authoritarian; authoritative

Accepted Answer

Hailey\'s parents demand that she follow their instructions without asking any question. Isabella\'s parents are firm as well, but are more likely to reason with her and explain the consequences of her behavior. In Baumrind\'s terms, Hailey\'s parents are _____; Isabella\'s are _____.

Question 40

emerging

Accepted Answer

Grace is a 19-year-old college sophomore. She is living away from home for the first time and is trying to decide on a major. Grace is in a phase of life that developmental psychologists term _____ adulthood.

Question 41

Erikson\'s theory encompassed the entire life span of an individual.

Accepted Answer

Which of the following accurately reflects a positive aspect of Erikson\'s theory of psychosocial development?

Question 42

authoritarian; authoritative

Accepted Answer

Maura and Trish are eighth graders who have been caught smoking. Maura\'s parents yell at her and refuse to let her explain things. They ground her for a month and take away her television and Internet privileges for two months. Trish\'s parents talk to her about their disappointment and concern; additionally, they make her spend every afternoon for a week at the library, researching the dangers of smoking and discussing her findings with them each night at dinner. Most likely, Maura\'s parents are _____ and Trish\'s are _____.

Question 43

Unconscious processes contribute to dreams and implicit memory.

Accepted Answer

Which of the following Freudian notions appears to have been supported in current research?

Question 44

self-eficacy

Accepted Answer

Rhiannon is confident she can complete a difficult problem set in one of her engineering courses. Rhiannon has high _____.

Question 45

cardinal

Accepted Answer

An all-consuming need for power is sometimes known as Machiavellianism. Because the trait is named in his honor, it would be reasonable to suppose that the need for power was a(n) _____ trait for the Italian prince.

Question 46

temperament

Accepted Answer

Baby Celeste is busy, active, and sleeps fitfully; her sister, by contrast, was calm and placid as a baby. This vignette illustrates differences in:

Question 47

The id, ego, and superego are abstract conceptions of a general model of personality and do not correspond to physical parts of the brain.

Accepted Answer

Which of the following statements best describes the nature of the id, ego, and superego in Freud\'s psychoanalytic theory?

Question 48

Quinnâlow conscientiousness

Accepted Answer

Carlos is emotionally unstable, insecure, anxious, and moody. Quinn is disorganized, careless, and impulsive. Johann is quiet, serious, and rather timid. Finally, Kristy is imaginative, independent, and fond of variety. Which of these individuals is correctly matched with a Big Five personality description?

Question 49

self-eficacy

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Linley is a middle school math teacher. She provides constant, consistent feedback on her students\' math assignments. She wants her students to have faith in their abilities to produce positive outcomes. Mrs. Linley is trying to develop her students\':

Question 50

The norming of the resilience measure

Accepted Answer

Dr. Cavanaugh examines the relationship between the trait of hardiness and senior citizens\' compliance with medication regimes; however, the hardiness measure he uses was based on college students. Based on this information, which of the following is the most apparent weakness of Dr. Cavanaugh\'s study?

Question 51

Such approaches have increased our appreciation of individuals\' complex inner lives.

Accepted Answer

Which of the following statements does NOT reflect a contribution of the learning approach to personality?

Question 52

Graduate studentâself-report measure

Accepted Answer

Dr. Portillo\'s research team is using various methods to assess the trait of extraversion. Dr. Portillo interpreting participants\' responses to TAT pictures. Her postdoctoral research fellow is recording the number and length of conversations participants initiate in a laboratory situation. Finally, Dr. Portillo\'s graduate student is examining her own extraversion scores on a test of the Big Five dimensions. Which research team member is correctly paired with the type of personality assessment he or she is using?

Question 53

Self-esteem is strongly affected by culture.

Accepted Answer

Which of the following statements is TRUE about self-esteem?

Question 54

Juanâsublimation

Accepted Answer

Read the following: (1) Liz has become more responsive to her partner\'s advances since a really beautiful woman moved in next door; (2) Unable to accept his desire for other young men, 15-year-old Juan immerses himself into his studies; (3) Shauntel tells people that her coworker Mary dislikes her; though if she were honest, Shauntel would realize that it is actually she who dislikes Mary; (4) \"Ben\'s nasty; he\'s disgusting,\" says Renee; but Renee secretly finds Ben attractive. Which individual is correctly matched with the defense mechanism he or she is using?

Question 55

their self-concept is at odds with their experience.

Accepted Answer

According to Carl Rogers, people experience anxiety when:

Question 56

Be apprised of data on test popularity.

Accepted Answer

Which of the following is NOT one of the text\'s recommended strategies for being an informed consumer of psychological test data?

Question 57

reaction formation

Accepted Answer

In order to protect herself from unconscious anxiety, Susie convinces herself that she hates action movies, whereas on an unconscious level she actually loves them. This illustrates the defense mechanism known as:

Question 58

Con: Trait approaches do not facilitate the objective comparison of one person with another.

Accepted Answer

Which of the following alternatives incorrectly identifies an advantage or disadvantage of the trait approach to personality?

Question 59

The mind and the body are clearly linked.

Accepted Answer

Which of the following statements best expresses the position of most health psychologists on the mind-body issue?

Question 60

LonnieâType B

Accepted Answer

Kim is aggressive, competitive, and ambitious. Lonnie is relaxed, cooperative, and patient. Morrie is anxious, tense, and pessimistic. Which individual is correctly paired with the behavior pattern he or she reflects?

Question 61

Men and women report being equally happy.

Accepted Answer

Which of the following statements is TRUE about happiness?

Question 62

One should change one\'s appraisal of the situation.

Accepted Answer

Which of the following should be followed to cope with a stressful situation?

Question 63

resilient

Accepted Answer

Despite growing up in an environment characterized by unemployment, violence, drug abuse, and poverty, Geoff finished college and is successful and thriving today. Geoff is:

Question 64

Patient-physician communication difficulties can occur because the material that must be communicated is too technical for patients.

Accepted Answer

Which of the following is TRUE of physicians\' communication with their patients?

Psychology 201 – Final EXAM – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards